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    B2 Course: Unit 55 - Modals (Obligation & Prohibition)

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    Eugenia
    The document discusses modal verbs used to express obligation and prohibition in English. It provides tables showing the forms of modal verbs like "must", "have to", and "should" used to indicate strong, mild, or no obligation in the present, future, and past tenses. It also distinguishes between "mustn't", meaning prohibition, and "don't have to", meaning no obligation. Examples are given for different uses of these modal verbs like expressing rules or advice.

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    B2 Course: Unit 55 - Modals (Obligation & Prohibition)

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    Eugenia
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    The document discusses modal verbs used to express obligation and prohibition in English. It provides tables showing the forms of modal verbs like "must", "have to", and "should" used to indicate strong, mild, or no obligation in the present, future, and past tenses. It also distinguishes between "mustn't", meaning prohibition, and "don't have to", meaning no obligation. Examples are given for different uses of these modal verbs like expressing rules or advice.

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    B2 COURSE- Unit 55

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    The document discusses modal verbs used to express obligation and prohibition in English. It provides tables showing the forms of modal verbs like "must", "have to", and "should" used to indicate strong, mild, or no obligation in the present, future, and past tenses. It also distinguishes between "mustn't", meaning prohibition, and "don't have to", meaning no obligation. Examples are given for different uses of these modal verbs like expressing rules or advice.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views3 pages

    B2 Course: Unit 55 - Modals (Obligation & Prohibition)

    Uploaded by

    Eugenia
    The document discusses modal verbs used to express obligation and prohibition in English. It provides tables showing the forms of modal verbs like "must", "have to", and "should" used to indicate strong, mild, or no obligation in the present, future, and past tenses. It also distinguishes between "mustn't", meaning prohibition, and "don't have to", meaning no obligation. Examples are given for different uses of these modal verbs like expressing rules or advice.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    B2 COURSE

    Unit 55 - Modals (Obligation & Prohibition)

    Modal Verbs of Obligation and Prohibition

    Present Positive Negative

    Strong obligation
    (possibly based on the Prohibition
    must/ speaker's opinion)
    mustn't You mustn't smoke
    I must study today
    here

    Strong obligation No obligation


    (possibly from I don't have to work
    have to/ authority/compulsory) on Sundays.
    don't have to Children have to go to You don't have to eat
    school. (sometimes anything you don't
    'have got to') like.

    We can use have to + infinitive, must + infinitive and should + infinitive to express obligation


    (something you have to do).

    Present &
    Positive Negative
    Future

    Strong obligation (possibly No obligation


    from outside) I don’t have to work on
    have to /
    don't have to Children have to go to school. Sundays.
    You don’t have to eat
    (sometimes 'have got to') anything you don’t like.

    1
    B2 COURSE
    Unit 55 - Modals (Obligation & Prohibition)

    Present &
    Positive Negative
    Future

    Strong obligation (possibly


    Negative obligation
    must / based on the speaker’s opinion)
    mustn't
    I must study today. You mustn’t smoke here.

    Mild obligation or advice Mild negative obligation or


    should / advice
    shouldn't You should save some You shouldn’t smoke so
    money. much.

    Be careful about the difference between mustn’t and don’t have to!

    2
    B2 COURSE
    Unit 55 - Modals (Obligation & Prohibition)
    Mustn’t means it’s not allowed, or it’s a bad idea:

    You mustn’t eat so much chocolate, you’ll be sick.

    Don’t have to means you don’t need to do something, but it’s fine if you want to do it:

    I don’t have to get up early at the weekend(of course, if I want to get up early, that’s fine, but I can
    stay in bed if I want).

    VIDEO - Modal Verbs of Obligation

    Past Positive Negative

    Obligation in the past No obligation in the past


    had to /
    didn't have to I had to wear a school We didn’t have to go to
    uniform when I was a child. school on Saturdays.

    must* Changes to ‘had to’ -

    A past action which didn’t A past action which didn’t


    happen: the advice / regret is happen: the advice / regret is
    should have + pp too late too late
    / shouldn’t have
    You should have gone to You shouldn’t have taken
    + pp
    bed earlier, now you have that job., it was a bad idea.
    missed the train.

    * Remember ‘must have done‘ is a modal verb of deduction or speculation, not obligation in the past.
    For example: Julie must have left. Her coat’s not here.

    VIDEO - Modal Verbs of Obligation in Films

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