Unit 2 Lesson 1: Evidence and Technology During Pre-Historic Times

Unit 2
Lesson 1: Evidence and

Technology during Pre-Historic
Times
Objectives:
✣ Describe the development of science and

technology during this time;
✣ Determine the significance and impact of the
development of science and technology to the
society.
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A. The Dawn of the First Civilization
o Ancient humans were able to discover and invent
tools and methods as science developed and
progressed. With the availability of new scientific
instruments and techniques, archeology
excavation has provided us with data and
evidences. Facts have been unearth and revealed
that even during primitive time, people have
already developed skills and technologies which
served and supplied their needs for survival.
o Discovery of mud plaster that led to pottery and
mud brick houses; first known pottery was in
Japan around 10,000 B.C.
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B. Evidence of Science and Technology during
Pre-Historic Time (3000-5000 B. C.)
o Man`s achievements in science can be

categorized as:
a. discovery (recognition and observation of
new objects);
b. invention (mental process wherein man`s
various discoveries, observation, and experience
are put together to produce new ways (operation)
and means (tools) of obtaining things useful).
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o Stone Age: This period was marked by which stone was widely
used to make tools and implements. Dated roughly 3.4 million
years ago, and in about 8000 BC this era was divided into
three separate periods-Paleolithic Period (Early), Mesolithic
Period (Middle), and Neolithic Period (New)-based on the
degree of sophistication in the fashioning and use of tools.
o It is believed tool making began very early in the olden times.
The era of Australopithecus and Paranthropus were
contemporaneous with the evolution of the genus Homo. Man
was a food gatherer, depended for his subsistence on hunting
wild animals and birds, fishing, and collecting wild fruits, nuts,
and berries.
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o Tools developed gradually from single to all-purpose tools
to a collection of varied and highly specialized types of
tools, each designed to serve in connection with a specific
function. The trend was from a stage of non specialization
to stages of relatively high degrees of specialization. In the
manufacture of stone implements, four fundamental
traditions were developed by the Paleolithic ancestors:
(1) Pebbiletool traditions:
(2) bifacial tool. or hand axe traditions;
(3) flake-tool traditions; and
(4) blade-tool traditions.
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o Stone tools were made from a variety of stones: flint
and chert were shaped 0r chipped for use as cutting
tools. flakes. blades and weapons; Flaking was able to
Produce l Wide range of special tools that was used
for cutting, chopping, scraping and sawing. Basalt
and sandstone were used for ground stone tools.
Wood, bone, shell, antler and other materials were
widely used as well.
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o The Early Stone Age includes the most basic stone
toolkits made by early humans. The oldest stone
tools, known as the Oldowan toolkit, consist of
hammer stones that show battering on their surfaces;
stone cores that show a series of flake scars along
One or more edges; and sharp stone flakes that were
struck from the cores and offer useful cutting edges.
Hand axes are cutting tools as well as other kinds of
‘large cutting tools‘ are characteristic of an Acheulean
toolkit.
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o During middle Paleolithic time, the pace of innovation in
stone technology began to accelerate. Hand axes were
made with exquisite craftsmanship, and eventually gave
way to smaller, more diverse toolkits, with an emphasis
on flake tools rather than larger core tools. One of the
main innovations was the application of ‘prepared core
technique,’ in which a core was carefully flaked on one
side so that a flake of predetermined size and shape
could be produced in a single blow. This technique
probably raised the level of standardization and
predictability in stone technology.
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o Middle Stone Age toolkits included points, which

could be hafted on the shafts to make spears. When
smaller points were eventually made, they were
attached to smaller, sleeker shafts to make darts,
arrows, and other projectile weapons. Stone awls have
been used to perforate hides and scrapers. Many
important inventions appeared, such as needles and
thread skin clothing, the harpoon, the spear thrower,
and special fishing equipment.
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Sample of Stone Age Tools
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o The Neolithic was characterized primarily by herding

societiEs, as we“ as bronze smelting, adoption of
agriculture, the shift _from food gathering to food
producing, development of pottery using' sediments
and day. Agricuhure was devebped and certain
animals were raised as well. Moreover, recent
evidence indicates that humans processed and
consumed Wlld cereal grams.
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o Bronze Age: The Bronze Age is the second principal period
of the three-age Stone Bronze-lron system and generally
followed the Neolithic period. This period is marked With
the beginning of mining and metallurgy. Bronze denotes the
first period in which metal was used. man began smelting
copper and alloying with tin or arsenic to make bronze tools
and weapons. Copper-tin ores are rare, as reflected in the
fact that there were no tin bronzes in Western Asia before
trading in bronze that began in the third millennium BC.
Bronze itself is harder and more durable than other metals
available at the time, allowing Bronze Age civilizations to
gain technological advantage.
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Sample of Bronze Tools
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o Iron Age is the period of time in prehistory when the
dominant tool making material was iron. Preceded by the
Stone Age and Bronze Age, the transition from Bronze Age
occurred at different times in different places on Earth. As
the name suggests,1ron age Technology is characterized by
the production of tools and weaponry using ferrous
metallurgy or iron work more specially from carbon steel.
Meteoric iron has been used by humans since 3200 BC, but
ancient iron production did not become widespread until
the ability to smelt iron ore, remove impurities and regulate
the amount of carbon in the alloy were developed.
✣
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Do you know?
Fire was the most important discovery and

invention of man in the Paleolithic era. The
use of fire led to various ways of preparing
and cooking food and inventions of suitable
food containers and utensils.
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Movie Review
o Watch the movie “The Flintstones” and answer the following

questions:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6iWd6_xTZ4&list=PLdSCW5oy
1tHmEVTAbo7swhUeGUIDixhJU&index=3
1. What particular period is depicted in the movie? Justify your
answer.
2. Name some of the tools and their function that were
introduced in this movie.
3. What are the values you learned from the movie? Justify
your answer.
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THANK YOU 
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References:
✣ Aldea, K.I., Caronan, H.P., and Candido, M.

B., Science, Technology, and Society (2018),
Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
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Unit 2

Lesson 1: Evidence and

✣ Describe the development of science and

o Man`s achievements in science can be

o Middle Stone Age toolkits included points, which

o The Neolithic was characterized primarily by herding

Fire was the most important discovery and

o Watch the movie “The Flintstones” and answer the following

✣ Aldea, K.I., Caronan, H.P., and Candido, M.

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