0495/21 Sociology: Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
SOCIOLOGY 0495/21
Paper 2 May/June 2018
1 hour 45 minutes (including 15 minutes’ reading time)
Additional Materials: Answer Booklet/Paper

*6173593361*
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
An answer booklet is provided inside this question paper. You should follow the instructions on the front cover
of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.
Answer two questions.

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
This document consists of 3 printed pages and 1 blank page.
06_0495_21_2018_1.11
© UCLES 2018 [Turn over
2
Answer two questions.
Section A: Family
1 Marriage today is often no longer for life and it is not valued by everybody in society. For some,
serial monogamy has become the norm, particularly in modern industrial societies. Many people
now try alternatives to marriage and family life to best fit their needs.
(a) What is meant by the term ‘serial monogamy’? [2]
(b) Describe two different types of family. [4]
(c) Explain how feminists view nuclear families. [6]
(d) Explain why longer life expectancy can have negative consequences for the nuclear family.
[8]
(e) To what extent are alternatives to the family making marriage less important. [15]
Section B: Education
2 Some sociologists believe that education is key to improving an individual's life chances, others
believe that it simply maintains current inequalities in society. There are significant differences
between the educational achievement of upper and working class students, which some sociologists
argue is caused by different levels of social control.
(a) What is meant by the term ‘social control’? [2]
(b) Describe two features of the comprehensive system. [4]
(c) Explain how schools ensure that pupils conform to social expectations. [6]
(d) Explain why there are differences in the educational achievement of upper and working class
students. [8]
(e) To what extent does education maintain social stratification? [15]
© UCLES 2018 06_0495_21_2018_1.11

3
Section C: Crime, deviance and social control
3 According to media representations and official measurements of crime, white-collar crime is

unusual in society. Marxists do not believe that this reflects an accurate picture of offending. If
Marxists are correct then the punishments and deterrents currently used to control crime may not
be effective.
(a) What is meant by the term ‘white-collar crime’? [2]
(b) Describe two deterrents to crime. [4]
(c) Explain how victim surveys can be used to measure crime. [6]
(d) Explain why the media can influence how people think about crime. [8]
(e) To what extent does Marxist theory explain why some people commit crime? [15]
Section D: Media
4 How the audience use the media has changed a great deal over time and many sociologists believe
that there is now a digital divide. Other sociological criticisms of the media focus on the biased
content and the use of stereotypes.
(a) What is meant by the term ‘digital divide’? [2]
(b) Describe two ways that disabled people are represented in the media. [4]
(c) Explain how advertising affects the audience. [6]
(d) Explain why use of social media has made the news less biased. [8]
(e) To what extent is the uses and gratifications model correct in explaining how the media affects
its audience? [15]
© UCLES 2018 06_0495_21_2018_1.11

4
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effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will
be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2018 06_0495_21_2018_1.11

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Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

1 hour 45 minutes (including 15 minutes’ reading time)

Additional Materials: Answer Booklet/Paper

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Answer two questions.

This document consists of 3 printed pages and 1 blank page.

Answer two questions.

(a) What is meant by the term ‘serial monogamy’? [2]

(b) Describe two different types of family. [4]

(c) Explain how feminists view nuclear families. [6]

(a) What is meant by the term ‘social control’? [2]

(b) Describe two features of the comprehensive system. [4]

(e) To what extent does education maintain social stratification? [15]

© UCLES 2018 06_0495_21_2018_1.11

Section C: Crime, deviance and social control

3 According to media representations and official measurements of crime, white-collar crime is

(a) What is meant by the term ‘white-collar crime’? [2]

(b) Describe two deterrents to crime. [4]

(a) What is meant by the term ‘digital divide’? [2]

(c) Explain how advertising affects the audience. [6]

© UCLES 2018 06_0495_21_2018_1.11

© UCLES 2018 06_0495_21_2018_1.11

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