Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 319 views

    Geology and The Earth

    Uploaded by

    SHENIVEL BANTE
    Geology is the study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, and processes. It includes fields like mineralogy, petrology, paleontology, and stratigraphy. The Earth has layers including the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. Seismologists use seismic waves from earthquakes to study the Earth's interior. The Earth's surface is made up of tectonic plates that move and interact at boundaries, resulting in phenomena like subduction, mountain building, and the formation of new crust.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Geology and The Earth

    Uploaded by

    SHENIVEL BANTE
    319 views3 pages
    Geology is the study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, and processes. It includes fields like mineralogy, petrology, paleontology, and stratigraphy. The Earth has layers including the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. Seismologists use seismic waves from earthquakes to study the Earth's interior. The Earth's surface is made up of tectonic plates that move and interact at boundaries, resulting in phenomena like subduction, mountain building, and the formation of new crust.

    Original Title

    Geology and the Earth.docx

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Geology is the study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, and processes. It includes fields like mineralogy, petrology, paleontology, and stratigraphy. The Earth has layers including the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. Seismologists use seismic waves from earthquakes to study the Earth's interior. The Earth's surface is made up of tectonic plates that move and interact at boundaries, resulting in phenomena like subduction, mountain building, and the formation of new crust.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    319 views3 pages

    Geology and The Earth

    Uploaded by

    SHENIVEL BANTE
    Geology is the study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, and processes. It includes fields like mineralogy, petrology, paleontology, and stratigraphy. The Earth has layers including the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. Seismologists use seismic waves from earthquakes to study the Earth's interior. The Earth's surface is made up of tectonic plates that move and interact at boundaries, resulting in phenomena like subduction, mountain building, and the formation of new crust.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 3

    Geology and the Earth’s Treasures

    GEOLOGY - the study of the Earth


    Main Idea: An earth science concerned with the Earth’s composition, structure, and dynamic
    processes within the Earth result to rock and mineral formation, as well as the animals that
    inhabit it.

    Fields covered by physical geology and focus of study:


     Geochemistry – chemical composition and changes of materials that make up Earth.
     Geophysics – behavior of the Earth in response to physical forces.
     Mineralogy – chemical composition in structure of minerals.
     Petrology – composition and origin of rocks.

    Under historical geology are the following fields of study:


     Paleontology – fossils or remains of organisms.
     Paleography – geologic maps and locations of land masses that may have been lost.
     Stratigraphy – layers of the Earth’s bedrock which is essentially that of soil, sand, pebbles,
    stones, and rocks.

    Layers of the Earth

     Crust – solid rock layer that makes up the outermost


    portion of the Earth.
     Oceanic Crust – 5 km thick on the ocean
    floor.
     Continental Crust – 35 km thick on
    continents.
     Mantle – below the crust; stretches to the deep of about
    2,890 km before reaching the core.
     Outer core – extends 2266 km.
     Inner core – 1,220 km thick and more than 6,000 km below the Earth’s surface. It consists of magma
    (molten rocks).

    Seismologist (scientist who studies the propagation of seismic waves in Earth) use earthquakes to “see”
    within the Earth. When an earthquake occurs, seismic energy radiates from the focus (point in the rock’s zone
    of weakness where the breaking first starts) as seismic waves.

     Body waves – pass through the interior of the Earth and classified into primary waves (P-waves) and
    secondary waves (S-waves)
     P-waves – can travel through any kind of material, whether it is a solid, liquid, or gas.
    They travel fast and are felt first. They cause little damage because they only move the
    buildings up and down.
     S-waves – can only pass through solids and are stopped by liquids and gases. They are
    slower waves but more destructive. They shake the ground back and forth perpendicular
    to the direction the wave is moving.

    Tectonic Plates

    Tectonic plates – massive and irregularly shaped slabs of solid rocks that compose the crust.
     Tectonic plates – which range from a few hundred to thousands of km wide, are classified into
    continental and oceanic.
     Oceanic plates – dense, made up of basaltic rocks; 5km average thickness.
     Continental plates – thicker, lighter, made up of granitic rocks.

    Types of plate boundaries (based on the movement of plates):

     Convergent boundaries – tectonic plates moving against or towards each other; crusts are destroyed
    and brought down through the process of subduction into the Earth’s interior.
     3 types of convergent boundaries:
     Oceanic-continental
     Oceanic-oceanic
     Continental-continental

    1. Oceanic-continental Convergence – oceanic crust


    may be consumed and brought down through
    subduction below the continental plate. Continental
    plate is lifted; mountains or volcanoes may form.

    2. Oceanic-oceanic Convergence – one oceanic crust


    is subducted under another oceanic crust to from
    Deep Ocean trenches, volcanoes may form under
    the sea.

    3. Continental-continental Convergence – no
    subduction occurs; instead converging continental
    plates push land masses upwards, eventually
    forming mountains or volcanoes.

    Divergent Boundaries – tectonic plates moving away from each other; oceanic crust is formed and
    land masses rift apart and water can rush in to fill the space in between.

    Transform Boundaries – tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other and form faults.

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy