CH.

CHARAN SINGH NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING, JAIPUR

SOYA OIL

Submitted by--
Rakesh Oraon (1131)
Ruby (1132)
Sangamesh Kodabalagi (1133)
Satya Prakash Behera (1134)
Saurav Gladwin (1135)
Sayantan Choudhury (1136)
CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION OF THE SOYA OIL

1
2. PRODUCTION VALUES OF SOYA OIL

3. CONSUMPTION VALUES OF SOYA OIL

4. EXPORT AND IMPORT TRENDS

5. VALUE CHAIN OF THE COMMODITY

6. RISK ASSOCIATED WITH SOYA OIL VALUE CHAIN

7. MAJOR COMPANIES INVOLVED IN TRADING THE SOYA OIL

8. COMPANY: AVI AGRI BUSINESS LIMITED

 VALUECHAIN ANALYSIS OF SOYA OIL

 RISK MITIGATION IN THE SOYA OIL VALUE CHAIN

9. CONTRACT SPECIFICATION ANALYSIS OF SOYA OIL ON THE

FOLLOWING FOUR ASPECTS:
 DELIVERY CENTER
 QUALITY PARAMETER
 DELIVER UNIT
 PRICE QUOTATION

INTRODUCTION

2
Soyabean oil is extracted from the seeds of soyabean (Glycine max). It is one of the most
widely consumed cooking oils. It has an oil content which accounts for 22% of the dry seed
According to USDA 100 g of soyabean oil contains 16g of saturated fat, 23g of
monosaturated fat and 58 g of polyunsaturated fat. The major unsaturated fatty acids in
soybean oil triglycerides are the polyunsaturated alpha-linoleic acid (C-18:3), 7-10%, and
linoleic acid (C-18:2), 51%; and the monounsaturated oleic acid (C-18:1), 23%. It also
contains the saturated fatty acids stearic acid (C-18:0), 4%, and palmitic acid (C-16:0) 10%.
The higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acid lowers cholesterol level and reduce the
risk of heart disease. Perhaps one of the most-consumed cooking oils, soybean oil is actually
common in everything from paints to insect repellents. The extraction of soybean oil from the
cracked soybeans takes place in relatively low heat, with the left-over residue ground up into
soybean meal for animal feed. On average, around 30-33 million tons of soybean oil is
produced annually worldwide

The global edible oil market gains momentum due to the importance of vegetable oil that as
functional ingredients such as omega-3 fatty acid which contains anti-inflammatory
properties. Trans-fat consumption leads to coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes and brain
stoke thus vegetable oil serves as cooking alternatives. The vegetable oil includes palm oil,
soya oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil and coconut oil. Among those soya oil stands
second in terms of consumption which accounts for 55.46MMT in 2019-2020.The global
soya oil market reaches a volume of 56.64 million tonnes in 2019 and projected to grow
further at a CAGR of 1.5% by 2025.

PRODUCTION VALUES OF SOYA OIL

3
 Global Production of Soyabean oil
Production volume in 1000 metric tonnes

60000

50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

0
201

201

201

201

201

201

201

201
Soybean oil is the second most consumed vegetable oil in the world, with 82 percent of the
soybean produced globally used for the purpose of crushing, out of which 18 percent of oil
and 82 percent meal are obtained. China is the largest producer of soybean oil, accounting for
27 percent of the global production, followed by the US for 19 percent, Argentina for 15
percent, Brazil for 15 percent and the EU for 5 percent. The key consumers of soybean oil
are China for 28 percent, the US for 19 percent, Brazil for 13 percent, India for 9 percent
and Argentina for 5 percent. China consumes almost approximately 99 percent of the
domestic production.

European
Year US Brazil Argentina China India Paraguay Canada Mexico
Union
2019-2020 11.077 8.385 8.65 15.142 1.44 0.739 0.36 1.065 3.021
2018-2019 10.975 8.245 7.91 15.232 1.73 0.74 0.396 0.982 3.078
1.38
2017-2018 10.783 8.5 7.236 16.128 6 0.733 0.355 0.937 2.841
2016-2017 10.035 7.755 8.395 15.77 1.62 0.711 0.35 0.82 2.736
2015-2016 9.956 7.627 8.433 14.605 0.99 0.72 0.353 0.785 2.841
Production in metric tons

CONSUMPTION VALUES OF SOYA OIL

4
Globally, annual per capita soya oil consumption is estimated around at 3 kg. However, when
disaggregated, consumption levels differ widely, with average consumption levels in
industrialized countries almost three times that observed in developing nations. Overall,
during the last two decades, two oils, soya oil and palm oil, have strengthened their position
vis-à-vis all other oils and fats. Regarding vegetables oils/fats in general, available statistics
indicate that consumption tends to increase faster in poor countries than in middle- and high-
income countries, and some national studies seem to confirm that extra income enhances fat
intake of the poor more than that of the rich. The key consumers of soybean oil are China for
28 percent, the US for 19 percent, Brazil for 13 percent, India for 9 percent and Argentina for
5 percent. China consumes almost approximately 99 percent of the domestic production.
Relatively high-income elasticities of demand explain why there is considerable scope for
increasing average per caput consumption of vegetable oils in developing countries. Soya oil,
is placed to play a central role in this expansion.

Source: USDA (April 2020)

5
 MAJOR CONSUMERS
18
16
14
12
10
Axis Title 8
6
4
2
0
China United states Brazil India

EXPORT AND IMPORT TRENDS

Values in Rs. Lacs
Quantity in Thousands

IMPORT DATA
VALUES QUANTITY

2019 669.09 437.72

2018 464.29 178.98

2017 252.51 89.77

2016 318.77 113.79

6
 2015 848.86 1,105.84

2014 307.61 128.49

2013 39.66 27.01

2012 49.69 19.09

2011 19.18 12.62

2010 13.06 4.5

EXPORT DATA

  VALUES QUANTITY
1,966.63 2,021.40
2019
2,772.78 3,293.40
2018
2,053.04 2,566.61
2017
285.07 208.08
2016
817.58 1,210.89
2015
152.77 127.79
2014
246.29 166.02
2013
282.47 204.62
2012
242.86 192.49
2011
107.3 174.13
2010

7
 Major Exporters Major Importers

Brazil Morocco
European union Bangladesh
India
United States
Argentina Algeria

China

I
NDIAN SCENARIO
India holds fourth position in the vegetable oil economy in the world (2019) followed by
USA, China and Brazil. Oilseed is the second largest agricultural commodity which accounts
for 13% of the cropped area in the country and contributes a share of 3% of Gross National
Product and 10% of all agricultural commodities.

Despite the production of 1.4 million tonnes in 2019 it could not match the increasing per
capita demand (app). The demand – supply gap of soyabean oil leads to the import of 50%
country’s requirement. The population growth and improved standard of living enhanced the
domestic consumption of soyabean oil.

6000 From the data

it can be
5000
inferred that
1000 million tonnes

4000 crushing

3000 Production capacity of

Column1
soybean
2000
processing
1000 industry is
about
0
2016-2017 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 8.3million
tonnes/2018
with the annual total production of 13million tonnes soybean oil. Soybean oil produced in the
country is entirely used for domestic purpose in which 8-10% used for food purpose at home.

8
 Soyabean crushed
Extraction produced Oil produced
Year (million metric Total
(million tonnes) (million tonnes)
tonnes)
2015-2016 5.750 4.715 10.35 11.50
2016-2017 8.550 6.977 1.573 17.1
2017-2018 8.300 6.723 1.57 16.1

VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF SOYA OIL

Soyabean also known as wonder crop, miracle crop and Golden bean. It contains
 Good quality protein – 40%
 Oil- 20%
The oil contains: -
 Unsaturated fatty acids- 85%
 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)- 55%
 Carbohydrate- 25-30%
 Starch- almost zero
 Minerals- 4-5%
 Antioxidants viz
 Ascorbic acids- 10mg/100-gram sprouted soyabean
 Beta – carotene – 0.2mg/100 g sprouted soyabean
 Isoflavones (daidzein and genestein) – 0.3%

9
AREA AND PRODUCTION
In India
STATES MP,

100

52.23

32.99

13.79
7.2 8.48
4.55 1.17 RAJ
M.P. MAH ALL INDIA

TOTAL PRODUCTION (MT) SHARE IN ALL INDIA

Rajasthan and Maharashtra are major producers of soyabean contributing about 95% of the
total area and production of soyabean in the country.

ZONE WISE RECOMMENDED VARIETIES

Northern hill zone- VLS 63, Palam soya, Harit soya, Bragg

Northern plains zone- PS 1347, PS 1241, Pusa 9814, Bragg

Central zone- JS 93-05, Ahilya 3(NRC 7), Indira soya 9

Southern
2018-2019(Lakhs 2019-2020(Lakhs
Indian Scenario
tonnes) tonnes) zone- Pratap
Opening stocks 1.20 1.33
soya 2, Phule
Production 17.30 14.95
Imports 31.0 35.00
Kalyani,
Total supply 49.50 51.28 MAUS 61,
Exports 0.07 0.06
Domestic consumption 48.10 50.00 North-
Ending stocks 1.33 1.22 eastern zone-
Pratap soya
2, Pratap soya 1, Indira soya 9

PRE- HARVEST MANAGEMENT

10
Inputs required

Seed- Annual production of Soybean seeds in India is close to Ten Million Tons (10,000,000
Tons), which is about 4% of world production. India’s share of harvested acres was 8.9% of
the global harvested hectares.

The production and distribution of quality/certified seeds is primarily the responsibility of the
State Governments.  Certified seed production is organized through State Seed Corporation,
Departmental Agricultural Farms, Cooperatives etc. The distribution of seeds is undertaken
through a number of channels i.e. departmental outlets at block and village level,
cooperatives, outlets of seed corporations, private dealers etc.  The efforts of the State
Governments are being supplemented by NSC and SFCI which produce varieties of national
importance.  NSC markets its seeds through its own marketing network and also through its
dealer network.  SFCI markets its seeds mainly through the State Departments of Agriculture
and the State Seed Corporations.  The production of certified seed by NSC and State Seed
Corporations is mainly organized through contract growing arrangements with progressive
farmers. SFCI undertakes seed production on its own farms.  The private sector has also
started to play an important role in the supply of quality seeds.

Fertilizer- Soyabean and soyabean based cropping system are high nutrient removing. A
soyabean – wheat cropping system prodcing 7.7 tonnes/ha soyabean equivlent yield was
reported to remove 260kg/ha N, 85kg/ha P2O5 and 204kg/ha K2O5.on an average

N- 20-30 kg/ha

P2O5- 60 kg/ha

Sporadic application of potassium @30-40kg/ha

Biofertilizers-
 Strains of rhizobium
 Phosphate solubilizing bacteria
 Arbuscular maycorhizzae
 Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria

Water –

Kharif crop- generally irrigation is not needed

11
In case of irrigated crop, irrigation at critical stages viz.

 Seedling stage
 Vegetative stage
 Reproductive stage
 Maturity stag

Water requirement- approx. 500 mm of water

Weedicides-

 Fluchloralin (45EC) – 1ai/ha (PPI)

 Pendimethalin (30EC)- 1ai/ha (PE)
 Imazethapyr (10SL) – 0.1ai/ha (POE)

Pesticide-

 Fungicide
 Insecticide
 Antibiotic

POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT

Harvesting-The maturity period for soyabean crops ranges from 90 to 145 days (depending
on the variety). When the plants reach maturity, their leaves turn yellow and the pods drop
from the stem of the plant.  Soyabean pods dry out quickly and will turn colour - brown or
black. This occurs because there is a rapid loss of moisture from the seed. At harvest, the
moisture content of the seeds should be about 17%.

Threshing-

Threshing can be done either with a mechanical soyabean thresher or some other
conventional method. Threshing should be done carefully, as any kind of severe beating or
trampling may damage the seed coat, thus reducing the viability of the crop and the quality of
the harvest. Moisture content should be about 13% to 14% when harvesting with a thresher.

Storage-

After harvest, seeds need to be stored and kept for the next planting season. Seed moisture
determines the length of seed storage life. If the crop is harvested when there is high moisture

12
content, the longevity of the seed is reduced dramatically. For example, seeds with high
moisture can be more susceptible to fungus or other storage pests. Hence, reducing seed
moisture is the first step for longer seed life.

SALES AND MARKETING

The soybean market is perceived differently, depending on the observer's position in the
marketing chain. The term "market" is used to describe more than a single location or
exchange process. It includes exchange, storage and transport at local production areas,
regional processing points and export channels, in addition to trade in commodity futures and
various other ancillary markets active during the total process. The market also includes
similar operations for soybean meal and soy oil.

Availability of soyabean seed in market

The prices of soybean in the Indian market are highly volatile because they depend on the
prices of the international market. As reference markets, the markets at Indore and Mumbai
are looked upon. Soyabean is traded in India in the cities as given below:

 Indore
 Ujjain
 Dewas
 Mandsore
 Astha
 Nagpur
 Sangli
 Kota

13
PROCESSING OF SOYABEAN

soyabean

Cleaning, Soyabean hulls Heating and Low protein

cracking, grinding soyabean hulls
dehulling (meal)

Dehulled/crack
ed beans

Heating &
conditioning,
flaking

Full-flat soya
flakes

extraction Wet meal Desolventising Deflated flakes

,toasting,dryin
g,cooling

14
miscella Soy protein Carbohydrate Grinding
concentrate removal
 PRODUCTION OF SOYA OIL IN INDIA

SOYA OIL
25
20
15 INBOUND
10
LOGISTIC
5
0
2017-18 2016-17 2015-16 2014-15 2013-14 2012-13 2011-12 2010-11  Soyabean
SOYABEAN CRUSHED ( IN MILLION METRIC TON) farmers
EXTRACTION PRODUCED (MILLION METRIC TONES)
OIL PRODUCED (MILLION METRIC TONNES  Imports
TOTAL
 Mandis

OPERATIONS

 Soyabean processors

OUTBOUND LOGISTICS

 Transporters
 Exporters

MARKETING

 Soya oil companies

 Examples are
 Ruchi Soya
 Adani wilmar’s fortune
 Agrotech sundrop nutri lite
 Cargill’s nature fresh
 Dhara refined oil
 ITC’s Sunflower

SERVICE

 Dealers
 Warehouse operator

15
  Retailers

RISK ASSOCIATED WITH SOYA OIL VALUE CHAIN

The soybean industry is a totally agriculture dependent industry. So if any problem persists
or is present in agricultural related aspect then definitely the industry gets affected to a very
large extent.
1. Post-Harvest Losses
9 to 10 per cent of grains are wasted due to faulty post-harvest management during
harvesting, threshing, packaging, storage, and transportation etc. Proper scientific post-
harvest management can minimize these losses. Like post harvest management, the proper
pre-harvest steps such as use of proper harvesting tools and assessment of maturity stage
also improve the shelf life of the grains and reduce the post-harvest losses to a great extent.

2. Lack of raw material supply

The weather is undependable in terms of onset of rainy season and amount of rainfall and
its distribution during soybean growing period. Inefficient use of natural resources,
particularly rainfall and inappropriate soil and water management practices.

3. Lack of timely and adequate supply

The period of soybean availability is very short. There is lack of timely and adequate
supply of soybeans of requisite variety and quality.

4. Inadequate Infrastructure
The industry lacks the support of proper and adequate infrastructure such as post harvest
handling, treatment facilities and storage facilities.

5. High Import duties on inputs

High import duties have to be paid on the import of plant and machinery, spare parts and
on certain other inputs to industry.

6. Price fluctuation of commodity in the international market.

Fluctuation of prices in International market affects the trade of the soya oil in the
international market.

MAJOR COMPANIES INVOLVED IN TRADING THE SOYA OIL IN

INDIA

16
NATIONAL
1. Ruchi Soya Industries Limited – Mahakosh Refined Soyabean Oil, Nutrela Soyabean Oil
Ruchi Soya is one of the largest manufacturers of edible oil in India. They have been acquired by Patan
Ayurved in 2019.
Founded- 1986
Headquarters- Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

2. Marico Limited – Saffola Active

Marico Limited is one of India's leading consumer products companies operating in the
beauty and wellness space. Saffola is a health care brand which brings to you a range of
everyday Heart Healthy Foods and Services that are easy, effective and enjoyable so that they
easily integrate into our lifestyle.
Founded- 1990
Headquarters- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

3. Adani Wilmar Limited –Fortune Soya Health Oil

Adani Wilmar Limited (AWL) is a joint venture incorporated in January 1999 between Adani
Group- the leaders in private infrastructure and Wilmar International Limited - Singapore,
Asia's leading Agri business group. It is one of the fastest growing food FMCG companies in
India. The company has the largest range of edible oils spanning across the categories of Soya,
Sun, Mustard, Rice bran, Groundnut and Cottonseed.
Founded- 1999
Headquarters- Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India

4. Sanwaria Consumer Limited – Sanwaria Refined Soyabean Oil

Sanwaria Consumer Limited is a FMCG Food Processing company of the Sanwaria Group and
is one of the largest integrated food processors in India and is engaged in the business of
manufacturing and selling of Rice, edible oil and staple food products.
Founded- 1991
Headquarters- Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

17
5. Agro Tech Foods Limited- Sundrop Soyabean Oil
Agro Tech Foods Ltd (ATFL) is a public limited company engaged in the business of marketing
food and food ingredients to consumers and institutional customers. Sundrop is one of the
largest brands in the premium segment of refined oil consumer packs.
Founded- 1989
Headquarters- Gurgaon, Haryana, India

6. Avi Agri Business Limited - Avi Refined Soyabean Oil

Avi Agri Business Limited (India) is the leading group of companies in Soya products both
manufacturing and trading. Committed to cater premium value-adding products from Soya
beans such as Soya bean Meal (Soya flour and Soya flakes), Refined Soya bean Oil and
Soya Lecithin.
Founded- 2009
Headquarters- Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

INTERNATIONAL

1. Bungee Limited – Chambal Refined Soyabean Oil

Bunge Limited is a leading global agribusiness and food company operating in over 40
countries. Bunge buys, sells, stores and transports oilseeds and grains to serve customers
worldwide. Chambal is a registered brand of Bunge India Private Limited.
Founded- 1818
Headquarters- Chesterfield, Missouri, US

2. Cargill – Sulabh Refined Soyabean Oil

Cargill Foods processes, refines and markets a wide range of indigenous and imported edible
oils, fats and flour catering to the food industry as well as household consumers. Cargill India is
producing soyabean oil in India under the brand name Sulabh Refined Soyabean Oil.
Founded- 1865
Headquarters- Wayzata, Minnesota, US

3. Louis Dreyfus Company – Vibhor Soyabean Oil

18
 Louis Dreyfus Company is a leading merchant and processor of agricultural goods. Louis
Dreyfus Company established its presence in India in 1997.
Founded- 1851
Headquarter- Geneva, Switzerland

COMPANY: - AVI AGRI BUSINESS LIMITED

VALUECHAIN ANALYSIS OF SOYA OIL
Solvent Extraction (Soya Crude Oil & De-Oiled Cake) 1400 TPD capacity
Refinery (Soya Oil Refinery) 300 TPD capacity

The Various Quality certificate and ISO certifications obtained by the Company are as given:
 ISO 9001:2015 certification for Quality Management System
 FSSC 22000 certificate for Food Safety Management System
 Cert-ID Non-GMO standard for Traceability and Identity Preservation.
 FSSAI license
 Kosher & Halal Certification
 GMP+ Feed Safety Assurance Certification

FLOWCHART REPRESENTING THE VALUECHAIN OF SOYA OIL

4. SOLVENT EXTRACTION
3. CLEANING Crude Soy Oil and Soy
1. NON-GMO
2. QUALITY AND meal is obtained.
SOYABEAN SEED
CHECK STORAGE
SOURCING

6. QUALITY
7. PACKING 5. REFINERY
ASSURANCE AND Value added by products-
CHECK lecithin and deodorizer
distillates.
8. CONTAINER 9. SHIPPING
PACKING AND
PROCESSING

1. NON-GMO SOYABEAN SEED SOURCING :

Non-GMO Soyabean seed is procured from the farmers or the traders from the highest
yielding part of India, i.e., Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh.

19
2. QUALITY CHECK:
After the procurement of seeds, the sampling of soyabean seeds is done which are then
tested for quality and Non-GMO authenticity.

3. CLEANING AND STORAGE:

Soyabean seeds are cleaned and stored in clean and hygienic conditions in silos having
the total storage capacity of 25000 MT.

4. SOLVENT EXTRACTION:
Before entering the extractor, the beans are dehulled for solvent extraction by food
grade Hexane producing crude soyabean oil. The extraction of flakes is done by
washing soyabean seeds in successive, simultaneous washes of hexane solvent. The
extracted flakes are then dysventilation and the hexane is removed from the oil with
final vacuum distillation and is recovered from the oil in atmospheric condensers. Here,
the crude oil obtained is around 20% of the total soyabean seeds used in the extractor
and rest 80% is the soya meal. The soy meal is processed to form soya flour, soya flakes
and soya grits.

5. REFINERY:
The crude oil extracted from the extractor is then refined to make it fit for human
consumption. The refining is done in three steps-Degumming, bleaching and
deacidification.
The gums removed during degumming are used for making lecithin. It is used in
confectionery.
The deodorizer distillates obtained as a result of deacidification finds many industrial
applications.

6. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND CHECK:

The products so obtained are then checked for quality assurance to meet the right
specifications and high product quality.

7. PACKING:

20
 The products obtained:
 From Crude Soya Oil
 Main Product-Refined Soya Oil
 Value added by Product-Lecithin and deodorizer.
 Soya Meal – soya flour, soya grits and soya flakes

They are packed in bulk in jumbo bags of 25 or 50 kg , ISO tank , Intermediate Bulk
Container and Drums.

8. CONTAINER PACKAGING:
The products which were packed in bulk are now packed in packets of different size or
size as per customer requirement.
9. SHIPPING:
The final packed product is now sent to distributors and exporters to reach the
households and consumers in foreign countries.

RISK MITIGATION IN THE SOYA OIL VALUE CHAIN

1. Risk management to be done before the process:

The risk in soya oil value chain arises starting from sowing due to dependency on
nature. The age of soyabean crop is 90-110 days depending on the variety of soyabean.The size
and maturity of the soyabean seed, the quality of growth and the production of the season
mainly affects the quality of the value chain. As per the mentioned factors, the required
investment in plant and machinery has to be assessed and storage and packing material needs to
be arranged. Vendor management needs to be done so that there is proper fulfillment of the
order done by the vendor in terms of the required quantity and price. As the orders are taken
from the vendor in advance, hence in order to avoid the non-fulfillment of order occurring due
to the deficient production, the forecast is done regarding how much sowing is done in the areas
which are majorly involved in procurement. Based on how much is the increase or decrease in
the sowing area of soyabean as compared to the previous year, the production forecast of the
soyabean is done. This analysis is carried out by SOPA (The Soyabean Processors Association
of India) and sent to the industries that are involved in soyabean processing for oil and soya
meal. Hence, as per the analysis the order required to be taken from the vendor is determined.

3. Assessing the quality of the seeds is important for obtaining the better prices of the

21
product in the market. For that, it is ensured that proper testing tools are available in the
laboratory for the testing of the finished goods.

4. The soyabean processing plant is operational for 6-8 months in the general
Scenario. So, the storage is the main challenge that needs to be taken care of in order to keep
the intermittent supply of raw materials for processing. After the finished product is brought
into the market, there is risk of price fluctuation occurring in the market as the price of
soyabean edible oil is fixed as per international market. So, that is managed by keeping the
good storage of raw material in storage so that there is proper supply of the raw material for
processing and hence as per the price fluctuations the supply of processed soya oil can be done
when there is good price in the international market.

CONTRACT SPECIFICATION ANALYSIS OF SOYA OIL

When a party enters into a futures contract, they agree to exchange a physical commodity at a
defined time in the future. To ensure quality, the principal trading terms are stated in the
contract to define the acceptable grades of the commodity. Analysis of contract specification of
the commodity, i.e., Soy Oil on the following aspects is as follows:

 Delivery Centre:
A contract specifies where the commodity will be delivered upon execution. This
delivery location is known as Delivery Centre. The delivery location for soya oil
commodity is Indore (within a radius of 50 km from the municipal limits) in Madhya
Pradesh.

 Quality Parameter:
Moisture & insoluble impurities, % Max: 0.10

Color, Lovibond Y+5R, 51/4” cell Max: 12 Unit

Refractive Index at 40C: 1.4650-1.4710
Specific Gravity at 30C 25/25: 0.917-0.921
Saponification Value: 189-195
Iodine Value (Wijs): 120-141
Unsaponifiable matter, % by mass, Max: 1.5
FFA, % Max: 0.25
Flash point, Pensky Martin Method, C, Min: 250
Acid Value – Not more than 0.50

22
 Phosphorous – Not more than 0.02
Hexane – Not more than 5 ppm
Test for argemone oil shall be negative.

 Delivery unit:
It is the amount of asset that has to be delivered under one contract. The
delivery unit for Soy Oil on NCDEX is 5000 kg (5 MT).

 Price Quotation The price quotation for soy oil is Rs. per 10 kg

Balance sheet of the commodity

2018-2019(Lakhs 2019-2020(Lakhs
Global scenario
tonnes) tonnes)
Opening stocks 38.40 38.18
Production 557.09 566.64
Imports 104.11 107.82
Total supply 699.60 712.64
Exports 111.78 114.89
Domestic consumption 549.64 557.27
Ending stocks 38.18 40.48

23
24