Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Schools Division Office Urdaneta City
URDANETA CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Urdaneta City, Pangasinan

COMPILATION OF P.E AND HEALTH 2

Submitted to: Jhonny G. Naranja

Submitted by: Edelyn Ancheta

Shiela marie bibay
Sharmaine Estrope
May ann pangilinan
Ann Bernadette GonzaleS
 Basketball

History and Nature

Basketball was invented by Dr. James Naismith in 1891 to engage players in an indoor sport during
winters that keeps them fit. He designed a sport loosely based on his childhood game Duck on a
Rock where players have to hit a stone, called a duck in the game. The duck was protected by other
players and placed high on a rock.
He also wanted the game to be safer and so the sport was played with soccer balls and peach
baskets placed at about 10 feet high, involved less physical contact, drew players attention on the
ball and not on other players. He developed a set of thirteen rules and the first match was held on
December 21st, 1891 among two teams of nine players each at Springfield College.

The rules of the game were changed slightly and many more rules were added to make it better and
more interesting with time. The actual game did not allow dribbling, used closed baskets and was
played in a smaller court. The game was initially played in YMCA gyms. YMCA helped spreading the
game to other parts of America and the game increased YMCA memberships too. It was popularized
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by cable televisions and spread to other parts of the globe by North American soldiers fighting in
World War I.

Basketball – Objective
The main objective of basketball is to make a goal and score points. A goal is made by shooting the
ball through the basket or hoop. The goal post or basket for a team is in the opponent’s court. Each
team should not only try to make a goal and prevent the opposite team from taking control of the
ball, but should also try to protect the basket in their court and prevent the opponent from making a
goal.

Basketball – Team Size

Each team may have twelve players entitled to play the game. Five players from a team can play at
any time in the court and they may be substituted at anytime during the play. Each team may have a
coach and an assistant coach. Each team may have a group of less than five non-players with
different responsibilities. They are usually manager, doctor, physiotherapist, statistician, and
interpreter.

Participating Countries
As basketball originated in the United States, it is very popular in the country and has spread to
other surrounding countries. NBA should be credited for expanding the game and creating a huge
fan base throughout the world.
China dominates Asian Basketball Championships and has won many titles. Basketball is the most
popular sport in Philippines. Iran, South Korea and Japan are also good competitors to China in FIBA
Asia Championships. Russia defeated United States at 1972 Summer Olympics and caught the
world’s attention.
Some of the countries that produced basketball champions are: Greece, Lithuania, Serbia, Spain,
France, Canada, USA, Brazil, Italy, Argentina, and Montenegro.

There are many variants of basketball, some play indoors and some outdoors, some play on larger
grounds, and some teams have more players. We can play the fun game on any flat surface but FIBA,
the organizing body has laid down some guidelines for a basketball court.

Court Design
A standard international basketball court is an indoor, rectangular court with dimensions 50 feet × 94
feet.
Courts at schools may be smaller. The court is divided into two symmetrical halves, one for each
team. Various markings are painted on the court. There’s a circle at the center, free throw semi
circles, restricted areas and three-point lines are marked on either side of the court. A no charge
semi circular area is marked just below the basket.

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 3. Basketball – Equipment

Basketball is a simple game, it doesn’t require any equipment other than a hoop, a ball and a flat
court. Even two players can play and have fun with basketball.

Basket
A hoop or basket with net around its circumference and of
18 inch diameter is firmly hung horizontally from a
rectangular backboard of 3.5 feet height and 6 feet width
on either sides of the court. The rim of the hoop is 10 feet
above the ground. The backboard in various international
competitions is transparent for better visibility.

Ball
Basketball is an orange-colored and rough-textured spherical
ball with black contours usually made of leather or composite
tough materials.
The ball is bounced continuously (dribbling), thrown through
the air to other players (passing), and towards the basket
(shooting). So a typical basketball must be very durable and
easy to hold on to.

Other Equipment
There may be some more equipment for convenience.

• Some international courts have a game clock that makes a beep at the end of each period.
Some also show the shot clock countdown.

• Sometimes, the back boards have bordering lights that light up and indicate that a period is
about to end.

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 4. Basketball – Common Terms

We have listed here a few common terms frequently used in Basketball:

• Offending team – The team possessing the ball is the offending team.

• Defending team – The team that doesn’t possess the ball and tries to get control of it is the
defending team.

• Shot clock – Shot clock indicates the amount of time allotted to an offending team to make a
goal. If the team cannot make a goal it is a shot clock violation and the ball is given to the
opposite team to inbound it. The clock usually is set for 24 seconds in FIBA and NBA
matches. The clock is set back to the full limit, when the ball touches the basket or passes
through the basket. In some cases, after a foul the shot clock is usually set to a lower
number, 14 in NBA and FINA matches.

• Key – The painted area of 16 feet wide in professional basketball courts.

• The basket ball gun – This ball gun shoots the basketball back to the player. It is used while
training.

• Dunk shot – A player takes a dunk shot when he/she jumps and pushes the ball through the
basket.

• Free throw – When a player is granted a free throw he/she can try to make a goal from 15
feet without any obstruction from the opposing team. Free throws are also granted to
opposing team when a player makes technical fouls.

• Penalty situation – A team falls in penalty situation if it commits five fouls in one quarter.
Penalty situation grants free throws for the opposing team after a foul.

• Held ball – Sometimes a player is surrounded by too many opponents that he cannot pass
the ball to any of his teammates. He holds the ball tightly and sometimes even one of his
opponents might also hold the ball at the same time. To take control of the ball, one of them
should snatch it by force. This situation is called a held ball.

• Jump ball – A referee may call for a jump ball to deal with a held ball situation and bring the
ball back into play. The referee also starts the game with a jump ball. A ball is thrown
vertically in the air between two opponents. Any one among them pushes it to a teammate.
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 • Point guard, Shooting guard, Small forward, Power forward, Center – These are various
positions of team members. It is not necessary for them to take a particular position, and a
team may choose to discard team positions. It is sometimes used to attract attention and to
satisfy viewers.

5. Basketball – How to Play?

The ball is tossed in the air to start the game. One of the players deflects it to a teammate. It is
dribbled and passed among the teammates to protect the ball and to make a goal. The basket or the
hoop is placed horizontally at the height of 10 feet on a back board. Each team tries to protect the
goal on their side while trying to make a goal on the opponent’s side of the court.
The opposite team tries to get the ball, take control of it while bouncing and tries to grab it while it is
passed among the team mates to prevent a goal. When a player commits a foul, the other team gets
a chance of free throw or to inbound the ball. Each goal carries two points and each free throw one
point. The team with higher score wins the game. Players may be substituted when a substitute asks
for it.
The game starts when the referee throws a jump ball. In the international sport, each game is
divided into four 10 minute periods. However, if there’s a tie between the teams they play for an
extra period of 5 minutes.
After the first period and after the third period, the players take a 2 minute break. After the second
period the players take a 15 minute break and exchange baskets. After a break, the last player
holding the ball throws the ball in and starts the next period.

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The play time may also be increased if a foul is committed just before the time ticks off. In such cases
a free throw is granted despite the time lapse.

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If a player throws the ball before the time lapses, but the ball flies down the basket after the timer ticks off, the goal
is still considered.

Rules and Regulation

Though basketball was invented with a set of thirteen rules, some rules were amended and many rules were added
to help players play faster and make the game more interesting for the viewers. Some rules were introduced to
minimize the advantage of height enjoyed by taller players.
There are many variants of the game at different places and these branches have governing bodies formulating rules
of the game. In the US, basketball tournaments are very popular in colleges. Their rules in inter-collegiate
championships are slightly different from the professional basketball sport.

• Any player possessing the ball cannot stay inside the foul ring of the court with his back to the basket for
more than three seconds

• No player should touch the ball, basket or its rim while the ball is passing through the basket.

• Players are allowed to make a brief contact with an opposing player trying to pass the ball or make a goal,
but cannot obstruct them.

• Players making more than five fouls are removed from the game.

• Fouls as per the situation, grant free throws to the opposing team and the ball is handed over to them.
• Players cannot carry the ball with them and walk or run. This is called travelling.

• When a player is surrounded by opponents, within one meter radius, trying to get hold of the ball, he/she
cannot have the ball for more than five seconds. Such player is considered to be close guarded.

• Players of the team possessing the ball shouldn’t stay in the restricted area of the opponent’s team for more
than three seconds.

• They should shoot the ball before the shot clock clicks.

What a Basketball Player Should not Do?

A player should not:

• Throw the ball away out of the court boundaries.

• Step on a foul line while free throwing the ball.

• Step on the end or side line while passing the ball to a teammate.

• Kick the ball.

• Dribble or hit the ball with their fist.

• Double dribble the ball.

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 • Hold the ball and stay in the backcourt that contains their basket for more than 8 seconds, else the team
responsible should bear a foul.

If a team or player violates any of the rules mentioned above, the team loses the ball and the ball is handed over to
the opponent team. The opponent team throws it from the side of the court, this is called a throw-in.
Rules for women are slightly modified to lessen strain on players. Clara Baer, who introduced basketball for women,
published a set of rules for women players in 1895.

Regulating Bodies

FIBA – Fédération Internationale de Basketball Amateur (FIBA) is the international regulating body of basketball. It
governs rules, appoints referees for international tournaments and conducts world cups every four years for both
men and women. It is based in Geneva.
NBA – A tutorial on basketball cannot be complete without mentioning NBA, the most important basketball league
based in North America. NBA organizes league championships and is a member of USA Basketball association. Its
players are highly paid and they also play for other teams outside the US. Attracted by the huge talent in the US and
high remunerations, many international players also play in NBA league matches. NBA formulates rules for its
matches that may be slightly different from the ones stated by FIBA.

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There are many variants of basketball which are usually played when there are lesser number of players, sometimes
in a half court and mostly without a referee. These games are popularly known as pick-up basketball games.

3-against-3 or 3-on-3
This is a popular game, usually played in a half court when six players have gathered in the court and are waiting for
the other players to turn up. This game continues till one of the teams achieves a set score, usually 12 or 21. This
game can be played with any even number of players. The rules of the game are mostly similar to the official sport,
but the team that catches a rebound has to shoot the ball away from the three point line.

21 or Cut Throat
This is an individual sport and any number of players can play it. The first player making exactly 21 points wins the
game. A goal carries 2 or 3 points, and is usually followed by a charity free throw worth one point or a charity free
throw from three point line worth two points. A successful charity shot may be followed by another one till the
player achieves 21 points. But, if the player achieves 22 points, the score goes back to 13 or 15 points. The game is
less restrictive and more interesting as there are no fouls at all.

Chicago
This game is similar to 21, but the main difference is that players take turns and stay out of the court. For example,
when three players play the game if the first one scores a goal, the second leaves the court and the third one comes
down to play, and if the third one scores, the first one has to leave the court for the second and the third player.

Horse
This is an interesting game where two players challenge each other’s shooting ability and the shots are not
defended. Each alphabet of the word ‘HORSE’ is used to award a negative point.
A player challenges the next player by shooting the ball from any place he chooses, and if he makes a goal the next
player has to make a goal from the same point, else he gets a negative ‘H’ tag and the first player again gets a chance
to throw a new challenge again. However, if the first player challenging the other misses the goal, the next player
gets a chance to shoot the ball from any point in the court and challenges the first one.
If a challenge is met, the player who took up the challenge gets a chance to shoot the ball from any preferable point
in the court. The player who first starts the game and has five negative points on oneself is termed as “Horse” and is
the loser of the game.

Shooting Contest
There are different forms of shooting contests, either on or outside the three point line. The players may choose
rules whether the shots may be defended or undefended. There is an undefended shooting contest from the three
point semi circle called around the world or around the key, where players advance from one end of the circle to the
other as they successfully make goals. When a player misses a goal, the next player gets a chance. Sometimes,
players have to start each chance afresh, and sometimes players agree to mark the spot they made the last
successful goal.

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Slam Ball
A slam ball court has four trampolines placed below the basket and players have to jump with the ball and make a
dunk shot. The scoring rules may be a bit different.

Basketball – Tournaments
Coach Forrest C. (Phog) Allen led a movement to include basketball in the Olympics in 1936. Basketball is widely
played across the world. About 215 various national basketball organizations are members of FIBA. Many of these
federations organize basketball championships and the winners take part in international events.
Some of the popular international championships are listed below:

• FIBA Basketball World Cup

• FIBA women’s World Championship

• NCAA women’s Championship

• NCAA men’s Championship

• WNBA Championship

• NBA Championship

• FIBA Asia Championship

*NCAA - National Collegiate Athletic Association

*WNBA - Women's National Basketball Association

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Termininolgies
1-1 - A "one-and-one" is a set of free throws that is awarded to the team who has
been fouled 7,8, or 9 times in one half (NCAA rules). The free throw shooter
must make the first shot in order to shoot the second shot.
Air-Ball - a shot that does not hit the rim
Alley-oop - a pass from one teammate to another that results in one player
catching the ball in mid-air and dunking
Assist - a pass that leads directly to a score
And-1 - whenever a player is fouled in the act of shooting and makes the shot
with the chance to make an additional free-throw
Backboard - the solid piece of glass, plastic, or wood that is attached to the back
of the rim and anchors it in place
Backcourt Violation - a team is penalized by loss of possession when the ball
crosses back over the half-court line after the ball has
initially been advanced beyond half-court line
Bank Shot - a shot that ricochets off the backboard through the rim for a score
Block - to swat, tip, or redirect an opponent’s shot so they cannot score
Blocking Foul - a foul penalized to a defender that steps in front of an offensive
player while the defender is still in motion
Box-Out - a technique used to shield an opponent away from the basketball in
order to secure a rebound
Bonus - when a team has committed 7,8, or 9 team fouls in a half, the other
team is entitled to shoot a 1- and -1 at the free throw line (NCAA rules)
Brick - a shot that clanks off the rim
Charging Foul - an offensive foul usually committed by the dribbler who runs
over a set defensive player
Crossover – when a player quickly changes the ball from one hand to the other
across their body
Defense - an attempt to stop the opposing team from scoring baskets
Double-Bonus - when a team has committed 10+ fouls in a half, the other team
is entitled to 2 free throw attempts
Double-Double - a player that records double digit stats in two categories (ex.
12reb and 18pts)
Double-Dribble - a player that dribbles the ball, picks up their dribble, then starts
dribbling again is guilty of this infraction which results in a
turnover
Dribble - to bounce the ball continuously
Dunk - to throw the ball through the hoop while simultaneously grabbing the rim
Fast Break - to attack the opposing team before they can set their defense
Field Goal - to make a basket
Flagrant Foul - also known as an unsportmanlike foul in which a player commits
a foul without an attempt to play the ball
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Foul - an infraction committed by using illegal physical contact
Four Point Play - to shoot and make a 3pt shot while being fouled, and then
make the free throw
Free Throw - a free shot from the free throw line resulting from a foul
Key - the combination of the free throw lane and free throw circle
Kicking Violation - to use ones foot to deflect the ball
Lane - the rectangular area below the free throw line
Lay-Up - a close, simple shot in which a player usually uses the backboard
Perimeter - the area around the 3pt line

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