Soran University

Soran University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of petroleum Engineering
Fluid Mechanic
Title: Bernoulli Equation (Flow through Venturi meter)
Experiment No: 06
Name: Aso Shaxawan Farhad
Group: A1
Date:
Supervisor(s): Mr. Sarkar
Mr. Shahab
Mr. Balen
Aim
Theory
Bernoulli's law states that if a non-viscous fluid is flowing along a pipe of varying cross section,
then the pressure is lower at constrictions where the velocity is higher, and the pressure is higher
where the pipe opens out and the fluid stagnate (Amin, 2014).
Energy presents in the form of pressure, velocity, and elevation in fluids with no energy
exchange due to viscous dissipation, heat transfer, or shaft work (pump or some other device).
The relationship among these three forms of energy was first stated by Daniel Bernoulli (1700-
1782), based upon the conservation of energy principle. Bernoulli’s theorem pertaining to a flow
streamline is based on three assumptions: steady flow, incompressible fluid, and no losses from
the fluid friction (Ahmari, 2019).
A venturi meter is a device used to calculate the fluid flow in pipes. This flow measurement
device is based on the Bernoulli’s equation. Inside the pipe, pressure difference is produced by
decreasing the cross-sectional area of the flow path. This difference in pressure is calculated with
the assistance of manometer and aids in dictating rate of fluid flow or other discharge from the
pipe line. As the main inlet area is more in comparison with throat, velocity of fluid at throat
grows therefore pressure declines. By this, a pressure difference is generated between the inlet
and the throat of the venturi meter. Henceforth, by declining the cross-sectional area of the flow
path, a pressure difference is produced and the difference in pressure is measured by using
Bernoulli equation and discharge formula (Tompkins, 1974).
Apparatus
Materials
 Water
Equipment
Procedure
Result and Discussion
NO H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 Qactual Qtheory m3/s Cd R (%)

. (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm m3/s
)
1 31.5 31 30.8 25.5 28 29.5 30 1.53*10-4 2.35*10-4 0.652 75
2 28 27 25 13 18.5 21 22 2.19*10-4 3.725*10-4 0.588 60
3 25.5 24.5 23 9.5 16 19 19.5 2.49*10-4 3.847*10-4 0.649 62.5
4 24 23.5 21.5 7 14.5 17 17.5 2.41*10-4 3.96*10-4 0.607 61.76
Table 1 result
The ideal and measured pressure distribution of the flow through the venturi meter, and the pressure is
minimum at the throat section, this is due to the increase in velocity as the diameter decreases across
the length of the tube. So therefore, the diameter of the tube is inversely proportional to the velocity,
while proportional to the pressure of the fluid flowing through the tube. It is noticed that the curve for
the measured pressure does not return to zero as the ideal one this is due to losses during the flow.
The value of Coefficient of discharge is greater than one in our results, since the coefficient of discharge
represents the ratio of actual flow rate to the measure flow rate. Therefore a value higher than one
means that the actual flow rate is greater than the ideal one which is not possible. This results is most
likely due to errors in the apparatus used. Also ,From Fig.3 it is seen that the venturi meter coefficient
(Cm) and the discharge coefficient values oscillate between 0.001 to 0.001059 , 1.0145 to 1.1004
respectively. The Relation ship between the Recovery ratio and Reynolds number is shown in fig.4 notice
the recovery ratio represents the difference between the actual and ideal pressure ratio distributions
and is always below 1 as seen in fig.4.
The reasons for errors can be as follows:
 The water level was fluctuating in the manometers because of the vibration in the equipment
while readings were being recorded.
 If the water level reading is not taken from a proper view level, it will result in parallax error.
 The recorded time readings will have some inaccuracy because of time delay caused by human
reaction time. (i.e. not stopping the watch at exact time)
 The flow rates will be effected by the friction in the inner walls of the Venturi meter.
Conclusion
It can be concluded from the results of the experiment that, Venturi meter can be used to
determine the coefficient of discharge for a given fluid. Also, Venturi meter can display the trend of
pressure distribution, as the fluid passes through a tube with variable inner diameter. Also, the
pressure distribution can be measured in many different locations inside the tubes. In the throat
section the velocity is maximum and pressure distribution is minimum.

Reference
Ahmari, H. and Kabir, S.M.I., (2019). Applied Fluid Mechanics.
Amin, M. A. M., (2014), Bernoulli’s Theorem Demonstration, Sarawak: university Malaysia

Sarawak.
Tompkins, E., Brunswick Corp, (1974), Capillary flow meter. U.S. Patent 3,838,598.

Soran University

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Soran University

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Soran University

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Soran University

Department of petroleum Engineering

Title: Bernoulli Equation (Flow through Venturi meter)

Name: Aso Shaxawan Farhad

Supervisor(s): Mr. Sarkar

NO H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 Qactual Qtheory m3/s Cd R (%)

2 28 27 25 13 18.5 21 22 2.1910-4 3.72510-4 0.588 60

3 25.5 24.5 23 9.5 16 19 19.5 2.4910-4 3.84710-4 0.649 62.5

4 24 23.5 21.5 7 14.5 17 17.5 2.4110-4 3.9610-4 0.607 61.76

and is always below 1 as seen in fig.4.

The reasons for errors can be as follows:

while readings were being recorded.

reaction time. (i.e. not stopping the watch at exact time)

section the velocity is maximum and pressure distribution is minimum.

Amin, M. A. M., (2014), Bernoulli’s Theorem Demonstration, Sarawak: university Malaysia

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.