Distillation of Multicomponent Alcohol Mixture.: T (C) Vapor Pressure (MMHG) Methanol Ethanol N-Propanol N-Butanol

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Distillation of Multicomponent Alcohol Mixture.

A feed of 25 mol% methanol (A), 20% ethanol (B), 15% n-propanol


(C), and 40 % n-butanol (D) is distilled at 101.32 kPa abs pressure
to give a distillate composition containing 95.0 mol % methanol and
a residu composition containing 5.0 % methanol and the other
components as calculated. The feed is below the boiling point, so
that q = 1.1. The operating reflux ratio is 3.0. Assume that Roults’s
law applies and vapor-pressure data are given below :

Vapor Pressure (mmHg)


T (oC)
Methanol Ethanol n-Propanol n-Butanol
50 415 220.0 88.9 33.7
60 629 351.5 148.9 59.2
65 767 438 190.1 77.7
70 929 542 240.6 99.6
75 1119 665 301.9 131.3
80 1339 812 376.0 165.0
85 1593 984 465 206.1
90 1884 1185 571 225.9
100 2598 1706 843 387.6

Calculate the following:


a. Composition and amounts of distillate and bottoms for a feed of
100 mol/h.
b. Top and bottom temperatures and number of stages at total
reflux. (Also, calculate the distribution of the other
components.)
c. Minimum reflux ratio, number of stages at R = 3.00, and feed-
tray location.

Hidrodinamika Kolom Pemisah Senin 11/19/2020


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Penyelesaian: XA = 0,95
XB = 0,05
D? XC = 0
XD = 0

F = 100 mol/jam
XA = 0,25
XB = 0,20
XC = 0,15
XD = 0,40
XA = 0,05
XB = ?
W? XC = ?
XD = ?
a). Neraca massa total: F  D W  W  100  D
Neraca massa komponen A: X AF .F  X AD D  X AW W
0,25.100  0,95.D  0,05.(100  D)
D  22,222mol / jam
W  77,778mol / jam

XA = 0,95 ; dA = 21,111 mol/jam


XB = 0,05 ; dB = 1,111 mol/jam
XC = 0
XD = 0
D = 22,222 mol/jam
F = 100 mol/jam
XA = 0,25
XB = 0,20
XC = 0,15
XD = 0,40
XA = 0,05 ; wA= 3,889 mol/jam
XB = 0,243 ; wB= 18,889 mol/jam
XC = 0,193 ; wC= 15 mol/jam
XD = 0,514 ; wD= 40 mol/jam
W= 77,778 mol/jam
Hidrodinamika Kolom Pemisah Senin 11/19/2020
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b) Ttop diprediksi dengan dew point temperature

Trial Ttop = 65 oC
Komponen B sebagai base component (C)
Ki yi 1 yi
Komponen yiD = xiD Ki = 65 oC i 
K HK i
Xi 
K HK  i

A LK 0,95 1,0092 1,7511 0,5425 0,9413


B HK 0,05 0,5763 1,0000 0,05 0,0868
C 0
D 0
0,5925 1,0281
Trial Ttop = 65 oC;  xi = 1,0281 ≠ 1,0000

Trial kedua,
yi
KC =  i = 0,5925 dihubungkan ke data tekanan uap (ethanol).
Pada KC = 0,5925,
pi = 0,5925 x 760 mmHg = 450,3 mmHg.
 65,6 oC.
Trial Ttop = 65,6 oC
Ki yi 1 yi
Komponen yiD = xiD Ki i  Xi 
KC i KC  i
A LK 0,95 1,0348 1,7459 0,5441 0,9180
B HK 0,05 0,5927 1,0000 0,0500 0,0844
C 0 0,2581 0,4355 0 0
D 0 0,1057 0,1783 0 0
0,5925 1,0024

 xi = 1,0024  1,0000  Ttop = 65,6 oC

Tbottom diprediksi dengan boiling point temperature

Hidrodinamika Kolom Pemisah Senin 11/19/2020


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Trial Tbottom = 100 oC
Ki  i .xi yi  K C . i xi
Komponen xiw Ki i 
KC
A LK 0,050 3,4184 1,5229 0,0761 0,1709
B HK 0,243 2,2447 1,0000 0,243 0,5455
C 0,193 1,1092 0,4941 0,0954 0,2141
D 0,514 0,5100 0,2272 0,1168 0,2622
0,5313 1,1927

Trial Tbottom = 100 oC;  yi = 1,1927 ≠ 1,0000


1
Trial kedua, KC =   i .xi = 1,8822 dihubungkan ke data tekanan
uap (ethanol). Pada KC = 1,8822
pi = 1,8822 x 760 mmHg = 1430,47 mmHg.
94,7 oC.
Trial Tbottom = 94,7 oC
Ki  i .xi yi  K C . i xi
Komponen xiw Ki i 
KC
A LK 0,050 2,9205 1,5523 0,0776 0,1460
B HK 0,243 1,8814 1,0000 0,2430 0,4572
C 0,193 0,9195 0,4887 0,0943 0,1775
D 0,514 0,3972 0,2111 0,1085 0,2042
0,5234 0,9849
Trial Tbottom = 94,7 oC;  yi = 0,9849 ≠ 1,0000
1
Trial kedua, KC =   i .xi = 1,9106 dihubungkan ke data tekanan
uap (ethanol). Pada KC = 1,9106
pi = 1,9106 x 760 mmHg = 1452,06 mmHg.
95,125 oC.

Trial Tbottom = 95,125 oC


Ki  i .xi yi  K C . i xi
Komponen xiw Ki i 
KC

A LK 0,050 2,9600 1,5493 0,0775 0,1480


Hidrodinamika Kolom Pemisah Senin 11/19/2020
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B HK 0,243 1,9105 1,0000 0,2430 0,4643
C 0,193 0,9347 0,4892 0,0944 0,1804
D 0,514 0,4063 0,2127 0,1093 0,2088
1,0015

 y = 1,0015  1,0000; Tbottom = 95,125 oC


i

Penentuan Jumlah stage minimum pada total reflux, menggunakan


persamaan Fenske:

 x .D  x .W 
log  LD  HW 
Nm   x HD .D  x LW .W 
log L ,av 

 L,av   LD . LW  1,74591,5493  1,6447

 0,95.22,222  0,05.77,778 
log   
 0,05.22,222  0,243.77,778  log 92,292 
Nm    9,09
log1,6447  log1,6447 
Nm  9,1 stage

xiD .D Nm x HD .D
Distribusi komponen:   i ,av 
xiw .W x HW .W
Distribusi komponen yang ditinjau adalah komponen selain LK dan
HK, yaitu komponen C (n-Propanol) dan komponen D (n-Butanol).

Komponen C:

 C ,av   CD . CW   0,4355 0,4892  0,4616

xCD .D 9,1  0,05 . 22,222 


  0,4616   5,18.10 5
xCW .W  0,243. 77,778
 xCD .D  5,18.10 5  xCW .W 

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Neraca massa komponen C:
15
xCF .F  xCD .D  xCW .W  15  xCW .W 
1,0000518
 14,9992 mol
xCD .D  0,0008 mol
5
xCD  3,6 x10

Komponen D:

 D ,av   DD . DW   0,1783 0,2127  0,1947

x DD .D 9,1  0,05 . 22,222 


  0,1947   2.10 8
x DW .W  0,243. 77,778
 x DD .D  2.10 8  x DW .W 

Neraca massa komponen D:


40
xDW .W   39,99999992
x DF .F  x DD .D  x DW .W  40  1,00000002

x DD .D  8 x10 7
x DD  3,6 x108

C) Reflux ratio minimum


Menggunakan persamaan Underwood
 i .xiF
1 q  
i 
 .x
Rm  1   i iD
i 
αi dihitung pada T rata-rata antara Ttop dan Tbottom
Ttop  Tbottom 65,6  95,125
Tav    86,3625
2 2

Komponen xiF xiD Ki αi xiW


A LK 0,25 0,95 2,2004 1,6099 0,05
B HK 0,20 0,05 1,3668 1,0000 0,243
Hidrodinamika Kolom Pemisah Senin 11/19/2020
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C 0,15 0 0,6498 0,4754 0,193
D 0,40 0 0,2783 0,2036 0,514

 A .x AF  B .xBF  C .xCF  D .xDF


1 q    
 A    B   C    D  
1  1,1 
1,6099. 0,25  1,0000. 0,20   0,4754. 0,15   0,2036. 0,4
1,6099   1,0000   0,4754   0,2036  

Trial nilai  antara αA=1,6099 sampai αB = 1,0000

 1-q
1,5 3,1297749
1,1 -1,4156999
1,2 -0,1982613
1,21 -0,1239372
1,213312 -0,1000438
1,213318 -0,1000009

Dari trial & error didapatkan,  = 1,213318


 A .x AD  B .xBD  C .xCD  D .xDD
Rm  1    
 A   B  C   D 
Rm  1 
1,6099. 0,95  1,0000. 0,05   0,4754. 0   0,2036. 0
1,6099   1,0000   0,4754   0,2036  
Rm  1  3,622
Rm  2,622

Jumlah stage, N ditentukan dengan menggunakan Erbar Maddox


Correlation (Figure 11.7-3 Geankoplis)
Rm 2,622
Rm  2,622    0,724
Rm  1 3,622
R 3
R  3,00    0,75
R 1 4

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Dari Erbar Maddox Correlation,
Rm R Nm
perpotongan  0,724 dengan  0,75 ; pada  0,5
Rm  1 R 1 N
N m 9,1
N   18,2 stage
0,5 0,5

Letak feed-plate, menggunakan metode Kirkbride


N  x  W  xLW 
2

log e  0,206 log  HF    
Ns  x LF  D  x HD  
Ne  0,2  77,778  0,05  2 
log  0,206 log      0,092
Ns  0,25  22,222  0,05  
Ne
Ns
 1,236  N e  1,236 N s

N e  N s  1,236 N s  N s  2,236 N s  18,2

Hidrodinamika Kolom Pemisah Senin 11/19/2020


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 N s  8,1
N e  10,1

Hidrodinamika Kolom Pemisah Senin 11/19/2020


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