SHS

Disciplines and Ideas

in the Social Sciences
Quarter 2 - Module 13:
Key Concepts and Ideas of
Filipino Thinkers in
Social Sciences
Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences– SHS Grade 11/12
Quarter 2 – Week 13
Module 13: Key Concepts and Ideas in the Social Sciences

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Lourdes A. Dacara, Nabua NHS, Camarines Sur

Language Editor: Mary Grace E. Caceres, Pamplona NHS, Camarines Sur
Editors: Jinky S. Alejandrino, Camaligan NHS; Camarines Sur
John Paul T. Dacillo, Felipe Panton HS, Camarines Sur
Reviewers: Francis Hassel N. Pedido, Pamplona NHS, Camarines Sur
Illustrator: Evan Lee P. Leonem, Milaor, CS Camarines Sur
Alvin G. Alejandro, San Ysiro ES, Antipolo City
Abegail S. Arendaeng, Dalipay HS, Camarines Sur
Layout Artist: Mariben D. Berja, SDO Camarines Sur

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 This module is created especially for Senior High School
students in compliance with the Department of Education Continuity
Plan of giving the Filipino students a quality education based on the
different learning modalities on our situation of the global pandemic we
are facing nowadays.
This module is created for you to analyze and ponder on the
different key concepts and ideas in the Social Sciences that are rooted
in Filipino language/s and experiences. Different Filipino thinkers were
featured to know their point of view of these ideas/concepts and how it
affects every aspect of the life of Filipinos in society.
As a Senior High School student part of your task is to increase your
knowledge and skills about these key concepts/ideas in Social Sciences know how
we have arrived in formulating our concepts/ ideas based on indigenous culture; and
appreciate our values, unique from foreign influences.

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Examine the key concepts and ideas of Filipino thinkers in the Social
Sciences rooted in Filipino language/s and experiences.

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

1. Discuss the key concepts and ideas of in the Social Sciences rooted in
Filipino language/experiences.
2. Identify the historical trends of Philippine psychological thought; and
3. Examine carefully the significance of the different key concepts/ideas
influenced by Jose Rizal, Isabelo de los Reyes and other Filipino thinkers
from 19th-21th centuries to support disadvantaged or unrepresented
groups.

Since you already know our target for this module, are you ready to
learn more? I hope that you will enjoy all the activities and reading materials that we
have prepared for you. Good luck and happy learning to you.

1 development/promotion and
1. Create a reflection paper about
appreciation of Bicol art works.
1. Culled- (culling) the term came from the Latin colligere, which
means “to collect”. The term can be applied broadly to mean
sorting a collection into two groups: one that will be kept and one
that will be rejected.
2. Decolonization-process of leaving colonial rule, mostly
occurring during the 20th century.
3. Emic Perspectives-the emic approach investigates how local
people think’; how they perceive and categorize the world, their
rules for behaviour, what has meaning for them, and how they
imagine and explain things.
4. Enculturation-process of acquiring values from a neighboring
culture.
5. Hegemony-is the political, economic, or military predominance
or control of one state over others.
6. Indigenization-the act of making something more native;
transformation of some service, idea, etc. to suit a local culture,
especially using more indigenous people in administration,
employment, etc.
7. Neo-colonialism- proposed dominance of countries through
culture and/or economics.
8. Pantayong Pananaw- an emic perspective in Philippine history
pioneered by Zeus Salazar that means, ”to-us-from-us
perspectives, earning him the title “Father of New Philippine
Historiography.”
9. Socialism-is both an economic system and an ideology;a
socialist economy features social rather than private ownership
of the means of production.
10. Social Theory-an analytical framework or paradigm that is used
to study and interpret social phenomena.
11. Subtle expressions-occur when a person’s emotional response
to a situation, to another person or to the environment around
them is of low intensity. They also occurs when a person is just
starting to feel an emotion.
12. Sikolohiyang Pilipino-the psychology rooted on the experience,
ideas, and cultural orientation of the Filipinos.

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DIRECTIONS: Choose the best answer to the following questions/statements below.
Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Who among the following Filipino thinkers was an activist and probably the
first systematic social thinker in South-East Asia who wrote two novels that
was a reflection of exploitative conditions under Spanish colonial rule and
the possibilities and consequences of a revolution that enraged the Spanish
friars?
A. Dr. Jose P. Rizal C. Virgilio Enriquez
B. Zeus Salazar D. Isabelo de los Reyes

2. What kind of psychology deals with the study of ethnicity, society, and
culture of a people and the application to the psychological practice of
indigenous knowledge rooted in the people’s ethnic heritage and
consciousness?
A. American Psychology C. Filipino Psychology
B. Western Psychology D. Ethnic Psychology

3. Who was considered as the “Father of Filipino Psychology (Ama ng

Sikolohiyang Pilipino)?
A. Zeus Salazar C. Isabelo delos Reyes
B. Virgilio Enriquez D. Prospero Covar

4. Who among the following thinkers was best known in pioneering anemic
perspective in Philippine History called “Pantayong Pananaw” (to-us-from-us
perspectives,” earning him the title “Father of New Philippine Historiography?”
A. Jose Rizal C. Virgilio Enriquez
B. Zeus Salazar D. Isabelo delos Reyes

5.“Hermano Pule “or Apolinario de la Cruz established a religious order

exclusive for the native Filipinos because Catholic religious orders refused to
admit native Filipinos as members. What is that kind of religious order?
A. Cofradias de San Jose C. La Liga Filipina
B. Society of Jesus D. Iglesia Independiente

6. Which of the following is an emic perspective in Philippine history pioneered by

Zeus Salazar, a Filipino historian, anthropologist, and philosopher of history, which

3
means (for-us, from- us-perspective), earning him the title,” Father of New Philippine
Historiography?
A. Linear view C. Pantayong Pananaw
B. Cyclical view D. Dialectic materialism

7. Who among the following was considered as prominent Filipino politician,

writer and labor activist in the 19th and 20th centuries, and the founder
of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente and is now known as the “Father of
Philippine Folklore, Father of the Philippine Labor Movement, and the Father
of Filipino Socialism’?
A. Isabelo delos Reyes C. Virgilio Enriquez
B. Zeus Salazar D. Prospero Covar

8. Which of the following belongs to the confrontative surface values of the

Filipinos?
A. Bahala na, lakas ng loob at pakikibaka
B. Hiya, utang na loob, at pakikisama/pakikipagkapwa
C. Pakiramdam at kagandahang loob
D. Pakikipagpalagayang-loob, pakikisangkot, at pakikipagkapwa

9. What is the category of the different Filipino values such as karangalan,

puri, dangal, katarungan at kalayaan?
A. Confrontative surface values C. Accommodative surface values
B. Societal values D. pivotal interpersonal value

10. Which of the following methods and approaches in Filipino psychology

refers to staying of the researcher in the house of his kalahok or participant
while he researches with consent by the host family, whose
the head serves as the tulay to an umpukan?
A. Pagtatanong-tanong C. Panunuluyan
B. Pagdadalaw-dalaw D. Pakikipagkuwentuhan

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Now, let us understand all about these ideas and concepts in Social Sciences;
how Filipino Psychology has evolved in the Philippine stream, and what do we mean
by the Pantayong Pananaw brought by the Filipino thinkers during the 19th to 21st
centuries.

LESSON NO.1 “19th CENTURY FILIPINO THINKERS AND

THEIR IDEAS OF SOCIAL THEORY AND SOCIALISM”

Orientalism, according to Syed Fasid Alatas, influenced the content of

education that the origin of social sciences and the question of alternative points are
unmodified. This lack of thematization made the thought style of our Filipino thinkers
not getting attention compared to European and American social theorists such as
Max Weber, Durkheim, and others.

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 The Social Sciences are taught in the Third World in a Eurocentric
manner (from the point of view of the Europeans to Asians). This resulted in the
alienation of social scientists from local and regional scholarly traditions. We should
note that during the 19th century, the impression given during the period that
Europeans such as Max Weber, Durkheim,
and others were thinking about the nature of
society and its development, there were no
thinkers in Asia doing the same. The absence
of non- European thinkers in these accounts
influenced the development of social thought.
This history of social thought or a course on
social thought and theory would cover theorists
such as Montesquieu, Vico Compte, Spencer,
Max Weber, Durkheim, Simmel, Toennies,
Sombart, Mannheim, Pareto, Summer, Ward,
Small, and
others. Non-
Western
thinkers are
JOSE PROTASIO RIZAL MERCADO Y
excluded. It
ALONZO REALONDA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wi/kiJose-Rizal is necessary
(June19,1861-December 30, 1896) was a
to make a
Filipino nationalist and polymath during the
tail end of the Spanish colonial period of distinction
the Philippines. He is tagged as the national between
hero Orientalism
(pambansang bayani) of the Filipino people.
An opthalmologist by profession, Rizal as the
became a writer and a key member of the obtrusive
Filipino Propaganda Movement, which stereotypical
advocated political reforms for the colony
under Spain.
portrayal of
the Orient
and the new Orientalism of today which is
characterized by the neglect and silencing of non-
Western thoughts. What is meant by the silencing `Leaders of the reform
or marginalization of non-Western thinkers? It is movement in Spain: Left to
right: Rizal, del Pilar,
when all non-Europeans appear in the text and
and Ponce (c. 1890).
courses, they are the objects of study and not the Source:ecumenico.org/teaching-social-
subjects who were the sources of sociological theory-as-alternative-discourse
theories and ideas. Alatas, concentrated on the
work, of Jose Rizal and Ibn Khaldun. In his work, he said that “Jose Rizal (1861-
1896) was the Filipino thinker and activist and probably the first systematic social
thinker in Southeast Asia. He raised original problems and creatively treated them.
He lived during the formative period of sociology but theorized about the nature of
society in ways not done by Western sociologists. He gave us a different perspective
on the colonial dimension of the emerging modernity of the 19th century. He
6
published his first novel, Noli Me Tangere in 1887. It was a reflection of exploitative
conditions under Spanish colonial rule and enraged the Spanish friars. It was a
diagnosis of the problems of Filipino society and a reflection of the problems of
exploitation in Filipino colonial society. His second novel El Filibusterismo, published
in 1891, examined the possibilities and consequences of revolution. Sociological
theory from Rizal’s work can be discerned in his writings:(1) the theory of colonial
society, that explains the nature and conditions of colonial society;(2) Rizal’s critique
on colonial knowledge of the Philippines. (3) Finally, his discourse on the meaning
of /and requirements for emancipation. In Rizal’s thought, the corrupt Spanish
colonial government and its officials oppress and exploit the Filipinos, while blaming
the backwardness of the Filipinos on their alleged laziness. But his project was to
show that in fact, the
Filipinos were a
relatively advanced
society in pre-colonial
times and that their
backwardness was a
product of colonialism.
Isabelo Delos Reyes y
Florentino(Don
Belong-July 7,1864
October 10, 1938),
was a prominent
Filipino politician,
ISABELO DELOS REYES writer, and labor
https://www.slideshare.net/PennVillanueva/remembering-dr.-jose-rizal? next- th
slideshare=1
activist in the 19 and
20th centuries. He was
the founder of Iglesia Filipina Independiente, an independent Philippine national
church. He is known as the “Father of Philippine Folklore”,” Father of the Philippine
Labor Movement”, and the “Father of the Filipino Socialism’”. He followed his
mother’s footsteps by initially turning to write as a career; his works were part of the
1887 Exposicion General de las Filipinas in Madrid. He later became a journalist,
editor, and publisher in Manila and was imprisoned in 1897 for revolutionary
activities. He was deported to Spain where he was jailed for his activities. He had his
first brush with socialism during his stay in Barcelona where he mingled and was
influenced by the writings of European socialists and Marxists. He was acquainted
with anarchists, syndicalists, and other extremists and ideological thinkers. He was
released in 1898 and was banned from leaving Spain and became a drifter in
Barcelona. During this time he came to know radicals such as Francisco Ferrer,
Alejandro Lerroux, and others. On his return to the Philippines, he became the
leader of the Nacionalista Party. He took with his works by socialists such as Karl
Marx, Proudhon, Bakunin, and Errico Malatesta. He was the first president of Union
Obrera Democratica, formed on February 2, 1902, wherein they aimed to” achieve
the longed-for alliance between capital and labor.” He represented workers in

7
various disputes, supervised educational discussions, and lead the country’s May 1
protest-celebration, an annual tradition that is held today. His patriotism fed into his
desire for unionism: only through the unity of workers could they can defeat the
imperialists. Throughout his life, he wrote and published multiple newspapers and
works in various subjects such as history, folklore, religion, and politics.

Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/ Isabelo-delos-Reyes;ecumenico.org/teaching-
social-theory-as-alternative-discourse/;https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-
reads/features/the-underrated-ilustrado-isabelo-de-los-reyes-a-filipino-
renaissance-man-a22212-20190628-lfrm

LESSON NO. 2: “SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO”: PHILIPPINE

PSYCHOLOGICAL THOUGHT ORIENTATION OF THREADS
AND CONTEXT

Filipino Psychology or (Sikolohiyang

Pilipino) is defined as the psychology rooted
in the experience, ideas, and cultural
orientation of the Filipinos. It was formalized
in 1975 by the Pambansang Samahan sa
Sikolohiyang Pilipino (National Association for
Filipino Psychology) under the leadership of
Virgilio Enriquez, also known as the Father of
Filipino Psychology.
Filipino Psychology in the Philippines
exists and grows as part of the nationalist
indigenization movement in the Philippines.
Its roots can be traced back to the introduction of the American education system in
the Philippines. Agustin Alonzo was among
VIRGILIO G. ENRIQUEZ the first Filipino psychologists to return from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wi/kiVirgilio-Enriquez(Nov.
24,1942-August 31, 1994) also known asDoc. E.was a their education in America (1925) and taught
social psychologist and theFather of “Filipino Psychology”
(Ama ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino at the College of Education at the University
of the Philippines. His team brought with them
psychological knowledge rooted in the American tradition of psychology. This
Western psychology is taught in schools as universal and scientific despite generally
considered by some as insensitive and inappropriate to Philippine culture. This
hegemony (political, economic, or military predominance or control of one state over
others) is referred to as colonial psychology.
In the1960s, other Filipino intellectuals and scholars were already aware of
the limitations and incompatibility of Western psychology. These Western-oriented
approaches in research had led scholars to paint the Filipino through the
“judgemental and impressionistic views of the colonizers.” It is with the use of these
American categories and standards that the native Filipinos suffer from the American

8
comparison in subtle expressions to put forward Western behavior patterns as a
model for us. There were also early efforts to connect the traditional way of teaching
and studying psychology in 1960, which includes the translation of foreign materials
and the use of Filipino language as a mode of instruction. These efforts fail to
address the problems brought about by the colonial and Filipino psychology because
of non-collaboration of psychologists.

In the 1970s, during the chaotic time of Ferdinand Marcos’ regime

nationalist and radical sentiments among scholars had allowed colonial and Filipino
psychology to merge. Filipino psychology along with the advances in Filipinology and
History’s Pantayong Pananaw was led by Virgilio Enriquez, Prospero Covar, and
Zeus Salazar in the indigenization movement of their respective fields. When Zeus
Salazar returned to the Philippines after his training in Paris, he joined the UP
Faculty Department of history, where he taught for 30 years, using Filipino as the
medium of instruction from the very start of his teaching career in 1969 following the
tradition adapted by his mentor Guadalupe Fores-Ganzon in 1965. This gave way to
the existence of the Pantayong Pananaw, and its seed was already sown in
Salazar’s published essay in 1970, entitled” Ang Pagtuturo ng Kasaysayan sa
Pilipino”. He insisted on the use of Filipino and emerged as one of the main figures in
the indigenization movement in UP-Diliman. He worked closely with like-minded
scholars such as Prospero Covar (Father of Pilipinolohiya), Virgilio Enriquez (Father
of Sikolohiyang Pilipino), and Leonardo Mercado (the last being a leading proponent
of Filipino philosophy).
Virgilio G. Enriquez was born on November 24, 1942, at Santol,
Balagtas formerly Bigaa, Bulacan. He is the founder of the Pambansang Samahan
sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino, (National Association for Sikolohiyang Pilipino, Inc.)

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino-psychology

LESSON 3 “PHILIPPINE PSYCHOLOGICAL THOUGHT

CONCEPTS AND METHODS”

Filipino Psychology is the scientific

study of the ethnicity, society, and culture
of a people and the application to the
psychological practice of indigenous
knowledge rooted in the people’s ethnic
heritage and consciousness. It is based
on Filipino’s true feelings, behaviors, and
mostly derived from indigenous Filipino
https://www.slideshare.net/PennVillanueva/intr
oduction-to-social-sciences- source, language, and methods. It is
152882805 described largely as post-colonial, and as

9
liberation psychology. Some argue that it is a local version of critical psychology
since it served as emancipatory Social Science that aims to decolonize academic
nationalism.
There are several types of Psychology in the Philippines;1) Academic
Scientific or Akademiko- Siyentipikal na Sikolohiya-it follows the American oriented
psychological tradition that can be traced back to Wilhelm Wundt in 1876, introduced
in the Philippines through the formal American education system in universities.

2. Academic Philosophic Psychology or

Akademiko-Pilosopiya na Sikolohiya- it was
started by priest-professors at the University of
Santo Tomas during the 17th- century Spanish
era. This tradition originally came from the
writings of the preachers and monks in
philosophy and “pre-scientific” Spanish elites
and would
later join
with the
American-
oriented

ZEUS A. SALAZAR
https://en.wikipedia.org/Zeus-Salazar

Zeus Atayza Salazar is a Filipino historian,

anthropologist, and philosopher of history, best
known in pioneering an emic perspective in
Philippine history called Pantayong Pananaw
(form-us-from-us perspective), earning him the
title “ Father of New Philippine Historiography.”

HERMANO PULE(19th Century

scientific psychology. 3) . Ethnic Psychology or Filipino religious leader)
Taal na Sikolohiya- This includes the frame of https://en.wikipedia.org./wikiHermano-Pule
Psychological reasoning, enculturation, Apolinario de la Cruz (July 22, 1815-
practices, beliefs, and proto-clinical practices November 4, 1841), founded and led
the Cofradia de San Jose. A religious
that can be culled from language, literature, order which was exclusive for native
myths, legends, etc. 4. Psycho-Medical Filipinos as members,(established in
Systems- or Siko-Medikal na mga Sistema- A 1832);because Catholic religious
orders refused to admit native
psychological tradition that is closely related to Filipinos as members.
ethnic psychology. The psycho-medical tradition
has religion as the basis and explanation. This includes the faith-healing practices of
the Babaylan or Katalonan.

10
 According to Salazar, he believes that “no real’ healing could take place if
there were no common ideologies or frames of reference, understood and accepted
both healer and patient.

1. BASIC TENETS:
Core values or kapwa (shared inner self”). Kapwa is the core construct of Filipino
psychology. Kapwa has two categories: Ibang tao and Hindi Ibang Tao. Ibang tao
(“outsider”). Ibang Tao has 5 interaction levels under this category:

A.IBANG TAO (“OUTSIDER”):

1. PAKIKITUNGO-(civility)—right behaviour meant the right deportment
toward authorities.
2. PAKIKISALAMUHA-(an act of mixing)- social value that is primarily
dwelling under common condition. It is synonymous with the ability to
adapt. 10
3. PAKIKILAHOK-( an act of joining) participation of the entire
community to help a person or someone.
4. PAKIKIBAGAY (conformity)-The act of socializing to conform or
be accepted in a group.
5. PAKIKISAMA-(being united with the group).

B. HINDI IBANG TAO: (“ONE OF US”) –There are three in function levels
under this category.
1. PAKIKIPAGPALAGAYANG-LOOB: an act of mutual trust; you gain
trust
from a camaraderie or fellow human being.
2. PAKIKISANGKOT: act of joining others; people join/share
responsibilities in a particular group.
3. PAKIKIPAGKAPWA: being one with others; social interaction with
others.

II. PIVOTAL INTERPERSONAL VALUE

A .PAKIRAMDAM- shared inner perceptions. Filipinos use their inner
perception of other’s emotions, moods, or feelings as a guide in their
dealings with other people.

III. LINKING SOCIO-PERSONAL VALUE

A.KAGANDAHANG-LOOB- shared humanity; refers to being of help to
other people in times of need due to a perception of being together as a
part of Filipino humanity.

IV. ACCOMODATIVE SURFACE VALUES

A.HIYA- translated as “shyness” by most Western Psychologists. It is a
“sense of propriety” or quality of being properly following recognized

11
 custom.
B.UTANG NA LOOB-(norm of reciprocity). Filipinos are expected by others
to return favors—whether these were asked for or not_ when it is needed
or wanted.
C. PAKIKISAMA AND PAKIKIPAGKAPWA- smooth interpersonal
relationships. This attitude is primarily guided by conformity with the
majority; conformity to the group.
D.
V. CONFRONTATIVE SURFACE VALUES
A. BAHALA NA- translates literally as “leave it up to God” (Bathala”). It is used
as an expression, almost universally in Filipino culture. Filipinos engage in this
attitude as a culture-influenced adaptive coping strategy when faced with
challenging situations.
B. LAKAS NG LOOB- characterized by being courageous in the midst of
problems and uncertainties; bravery.
C. PAKIKIBAKA- it means concurrent clashes. It refers to the ability of the
Filipino to undertake revolutions and uprisings, fights against a common
enemy.

VI.SOCIETAL VALUES
A.) KARANGALAN: translated as dignity, this refers to what other people see in
a person and how they use that information to make or judge about one’s
worth.
B. PURI: the external aspect of dignity; refers to how other people judge a person
of his/her worth. It is based on conformity to social norms, regardless of how
obsolete they are.
C.DANGAL: The internal aspect of dignity; refers to how a person judges his
worth.
D. KATARUNGAN: translated to justice; refers to equity in giving rewards to a
person; fair judgments.
E. KALAYAAN: Freedom and Mobility; this may clash with the less important
value of pakikisama or pakikibagay(conformity)

VII. APPROACHES AND METHODS

Some of the approaches and methods used in Filipino psychology are:

1. PAKIKIPAGKUWENTUHAN- the researcher engages in a story-telling with

an umpukan. The researcher merely serves as the facilitator, while the
kalahok or participants are the ones who are to talk to them,kwento from the
Spanish word”cuento” literally means “ to tell a story.”
2. PANUNULUYAN- method in which the researches stays in the home of his
kalahok or participant while he researches with consent by the host family,
whose head serves as the tulay to an umpukan.

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3. PAGDADALAW-DALAW- the researcher occasionally visits the house of his
host or tulay as opposed to staying in the house.
4. PAGTATANONG-TANONG- the researcher undergoes a kind of questioning
session with his kalahok or participants. In this method, however” lead
questions” (those questions which directly refer to the topic being studied) are
not supposed to be asked; instead the questions to be asked are supposed to
have been derived from the kalahok’s answers themselves.
5. PAKIRAMDAM- the researcher uses entirely his/her feelings or emotions to
justify if his participants or kalahok are ready to be part of the research or not.

A) PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
Filipino psychopathology or sikopatolohiya in Filipino, from Spanish”
psicopatologia” is the study of abnormal psychology in Filipino context.
Several mental disorders have been identified that culture-bound syndromes,
can, therefore, be found only in the Philippines or in other societies with which
Filipino share cultural connections. Examples of such are:
1.) AMOK- Malayan mood disorder, more aptly called “Austronesian Mood” in
which a person suddenly loses control of himself and goes into a killing
attitude, after which he/she hallucinates and fails into a trance. After he/she
wakes up, he has no memory of the event.
2.) BANGUNGOT- a relatively common occurrence in which a person suddenly
loses control of his respiration and digestion, and falls into a coma and
untimely to death. The person is believed to dream of falling into a deep
bottomless onset of his death. This syndrome has been repeatedly linked to
Thailand’s Burgada syndrome and the indigestion of rice. However, no such
medical ties have been proven.

Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino-psychology;
https://www.slideshare.net/yanloveaprilbordador/filipino-psychology -concepts-and-methods

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Now, let us see whether you have learned a lot from our lessons. Accomplish the
tasks/activities below to assess your skills/knowledge about the lessons you have
read.

PRACTICE TASK NO.1: Q and A Portion: Handa Ka na ba?

DIRECTIONS: Your task is to discuss on the table below the key concepts and
ideas of Filipino thinkers in the Social Sciences rooted in Filipino language/s and
experiences. You can go back to the text you’ve read to get the answers. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1.What is the core concept of Filipino
psychology?
2.Do you agree on the indigenization
movement in U.P. Diliman as Zeus Salazar
published his essay in 1970 entitled “Ang
Pagtuturo ng Kasaysayan sa Pilipinas?”
3.Explain/Discuss your point of view on the
Pantayong Pananaw(for-us-from-us
perspective) of the Filipino thinkers. How
this perspective helps us in teaching Social
Sciences course/subjects in the
Philippines?
4.What is social theory? Why is it that Rizal
was considered as the first systematic
thinker in Southeast
Asia?

5.Who among the Filipino thinkers

mentioned in the lesson was the founder of
the first labor union upon his return to the
Philippines (1901)from his exile in
Spain,where he was jailed because of
revolutionary activities in 1897-1898?
Explain his ideas about socialism.

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PRACTICE TASK NO.2.- “HOW ORGANIZED ARE YOU?”
DIRECTIONS: Your task is to identify the historical trends of Philippine psychological
thought. Fill in the “GRAPHIC ORGANIZER” with the different traditions upon which
Psychology can be traced (Salazar). Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

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PRACTICE TASK NO.3: “KNOW ME”
DIRECTIONS: Your task is to examine carefully the significance of the different key
concepts/ideas influenced by Jose Rizal, Isabelo delos Reyes and other Filipino
thinkers from the 19th-21th centuries to support disadvantaged or unrepresented
groups. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

FILIPINO THINKERS SIGNIFICANT KEY EXAMPLES

CONCEPTS INFLUENCE
(Real-Life Situations)

Jose P. Rizal

Isabelo Delos Reyes

Hermano Pule

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 Virgilio G. Enriquez

Zeus A. Salazar

DIRECTIONS: Now that you have finished reading and studying your lessons, let’s
find out whether you have learned from it. Choose the best answer to the following
questions/statements below. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. He wrote two novels that were a reflection of exploitative conditions under the
Spanish colonial rule and examined the possibilities and consequences of a
revolution that enraged the Spanish friars. Who were this activist and Filipino
thinker?
A. Zeus Salazar C. Isabelo de los Reyes
B. Dr. Jose P. Rizal D. Virgilio Enriquez

2. Which of the following psychology deals with the study of ethnicity, society, and
culture of people and its application to the psychological practice of indigenous
knowledge rooted in the people’s ethnic heritage and consciousness?
A. Filipino Psychology C. Ethnic Psychology
B. American Psychology D. Western Psychology

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3. Who among the following thinkers was considered as the Father of Filipino
Psychology (Ama ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino)?
A. Zeus Salazar C. Virgilio Enriquez
B. Isabelo de los Reyes D. Prospero Covar

4 . Zeus Salazar was among the following thinkers and best known in pioneering an
emic perspective in Philippine History, earning him the title of “Father of New
Philippine Historiography.”What is that kind of perspective which means “to-us-from-
us”?
A. Pantayong Pananaw C. Cyclical view
B. Linear view D. Dialectic Materialism

5. Who among the following established a religious order named Cofradia de San
Jose exclusive for the native Filipinos, because Catholic religious orders refused to
admit native Filipinos as members?
A.Zeus Salazar C. Dr. Jose P. Rizal
B.Isabelo de los Reyes D. Apolinario de la Cruz/ Hermano Pule

6. Who among the following Filipino thinkers is a historian, anthropologist, and

philosopher of history that pioneered the Pantayong Pananaw (for-us-from-us)
perspective?”
A.Isabelo de los Reyes C. Zeus Salazar
B.Dr. Jose P. Rizal D. Virgilio Enriquez

7. Which of the following were the titles given to “Isabelo delos Reyes” being a
prominent politician, writer, and labor activist in the 19th and 20th centuries and the
founder of Iglesia Filipina Independiente?
A. “Father of Philippine Folklore, Father of Philippine Labor Movement and
Father of Filipinos Socialism”
B. “Father of New Philippine Historiography”
C. Father of Filipino Psychology”
D. Father of Pilipinolohiya at Filipino Philosophy”

8. The following Filipino values such as “bahala na, lakas ng loob at pakikibaka”
belong to what kind of values?
A. Confrontative surface values C. Accommodative surface value
B. Societal values D. Pivotal interpersonal value

9. Which of the following values belongs to societal values?

A.Bahala na, lakas ng loob at pakikibaka
B.Karangalan,(Puri, Dangal), Katarungan at Kalayaan
C.Hiya, utang na loob, pakikisama at pakikipagkapwa
D.Pakiramdam at kagandahang loob

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 10. Which of the following statement about methods/approaches in Filipino
Psychology best describes “Panunuluyan?”
A. The researcher stays in the home of his kalahok or participant while he
researches with consent by the host family whose head serves as the
tulay to an umpukan.
B. The researcher occasionally visits the house of his host or tulay as
opposed to staying in the house.
C. The researcher undergoes a kind of opportunity session with his
kalahok or participants.
D. The researcher uses entirely his/her feelings or emotion to justify
if his participants or kalahok are ready to be or part of his research or
not.

LET’S CHECK THE RESULT

Here is a chart to assess your skills/knowledge

about the test. This enables you to know how prepared
are you to go on with the lessons. Rate your score/
performance based on the ratings below. Put a
check (/) on the box that corresponds to your rating.

EXCELLENT(8-10) VERY GOOD(5-7) GOOD(3-4) NEEDS

IMPROVEMENT(0-2)
Congratulations! Go on with the Get more This module will
Read through the lessons that you enhanced/developed. help you learn
next pages of the find with Proceed with your more lessons. Try
module and proceed difficulty. Review lessons to enjoy it with
with the lessons. and proceed with and the next topics. eagerness. Go
your lessons. back to the
lessons if you
would like to
review more.
Then, go proceed
with the next
modules now.

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PRACTICE TASK NO. 4: “FIND MY BUCKET LIST OF
IDEAS”
DIRECTIONS: Your task is to give your point of view on the following instances:
Write a “Reflection Paper” on one (1) topic. Choose only one. Submit it in
print/encoded in a scrapbook/folder/portfolio. Create your own title.

A) Importance of Pantayong Pananaw in teaching/learning Social Science

subjects/courses.
B) Significance of the Filipino language in Filipino Psychology.
C) Maintaining our Filipino psychological thoughts in our daily living,
promoting the common good, protecting the disadvantaged or
unrepresented group, patriotism, nationality, and freedom.

RUBRICS TO DETERMINE YOUR RATING

EXCELLENT(98-100 VERY GOOD(94-97 Points) GOOD(85- 93 Points) SATISFACTORY(80-84 Points)
Points)

When all the When there are 80% of the When there are 50% of the When there are only 35% of the
possible possible ideas/concepts were possible ideas/concepts that possible concepts/ideas were
ideas/concepts were evident/properly were evident but not evident but not
evident, explained, discussed/analyzed/critical discussed/analyzed/critical discussed/analyzed/critical
and properly thinking of the learner was thinking was not so applied by thinking was not applied by the
discussed; analysis applied. the learner. learner.
or critical thinking of
the learner was
applied.

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PRE-TEST POST-TEST

1. A 6. C 1. B 6. C
2. C 7. A 2. A 7. A
3. B 8. A 3. C 8. A
4. B 9. B 4. A 9. B
5. A 10. C 5. D 10. A

PRACTICE TASK NO. 1: “QUESTION AND ANSWER PORTION” –1. Answer

may vary, 2.Answer may vary.3.Answer may vary, 4.An analytical framework or
paradigm that is used to study and interpret social phenomena.5. Isabelo de los
Reyes.
PRACTICE TASK NO.2: “HOW ORGANIZED ARE YOU?”(GRAPHIC
ORGANIZER) – 1.Academic Scientific Psychology,2.Academic Philosophic
Psychology,3.Ethnic Psychology, 4.Psycho-Medical Systems
PRACTICE TASK NO.3: “KNOW ME”-Answers may vary.
PRACTICE TASK NO. 4 “FIND MY BUCKET LIST OF IDEAS”(Reflection
Paper-Making) - The answers may vary.

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ARTICLES’ LINK:
“19th Century Filipino Thinkers and their Ideas of Social Theory and Socialism”:
https://en.wikipedia.org/Isabelo-delos-Reyes; ecumenico.org/teaching-social-theory-as-
alternative-discourse/;https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/features/the-underrated-
ilustrado-isabelo-delos-reyes-a-filipino.renaissance-man-a22212-20190628-
lfrm;iep.utm.edu/socialism/
“Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Philippine Psychological Thought Orientation of Threads and
Context”:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino-psychology
“Philippine Psychological Thought: Concepts and Methods”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino-psychology;
https://www.slideshare.net/yanloveaprilbordador/Filipinopsychology-concepts-and-methods

DEFINITION OF TERMS:
“Hegemony, subtle expressions, indigenization, culled (Culling), neo-colonization,
decolonization, enculturation, Socialism; Social Theory:”:
https://www.en.wikipedia.org/;http://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/features/the-underrated-
ilustrado-isabelo-delos-reyes-a-filipino.renaissance-man-a22212-20190628-
lfrm;ecumenico.org/teaching-social-theory-as-an-alternative-discourse/

PICTURES’ LINK:
Jose P. Rizal:http://en.wikipedia.org/wi/kiJose-Rizal
Rizal’s House in Calamba, Laguna:http://en.wikipedia.org/wikiJose-Rizal
Virgilio G. Enriquez:https://en.wkipedia.org/wi/kiVirgilio-Enriquez
Leaders of the Reform Movement in Spain:https://en.wikipedia.org/wikiJose-
Rizal;ecumenico.org/teaching-social-theory-as-alternative-discourse
Isabelo delos Reyes:https://www.slideshare.net/PennVillanueva/remembering-dr-jose-
rizal?next-slideshow=1
Zeus A. Salazar: https://en.wikipedia.org/Zeus-Salazar
Hermano Pule/Apolinario de la Cruz-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermano-Pule

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