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Mod 4 Transformer EMF Equation

This document contains an introduction to transformer phasor diagrams and 5 example problems solving for transformer characteristics like turns ratio, induced voltages, flux density, and core area. The examples calculate values for single-phase core type transformers given specifications like voltages, frequencies, core dimensions and maximum flux density. Formulas used include the relationship between induced voltage and turns, flux, and frequency.

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Sahaj Dabral
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2K views

Mod 4 Transformer EMF Equation

This document contains an introduction to transformer phasor diagrams and 5 example problems solving for transformer characteristics like turns ratio, induced voltages, flux density, and core area. The examples calculate values for single-phase core type transformers given specifications like voltages, frequencies, core dimensions and maximum flux density. Formulas used include the relationship between induced voltage and turns, flux, and frequency.

Uploaded by

Sahaj Dabral
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 8

EEE2003 - EMEC

Transformer
- Phasor Diagram

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 1


Problem-1
The maximum flux density in the core of a 250/3000-volts, 50-Hz single-phase transformer is 1.2 Wb/m^2. If
the e.m.f. per turn is 8 volt, determine (i) primary and secondary turns (ii) area of the core.

Given Data :
𝑒𝑚𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 = 4.44𝑓𝜑𝑚
E1=V1=250 volts, E2=V2=3000 volts, f=50Hz, Bm=1.2Wb/m^2, emf per turn = 8V
To find : N1, N2 & A 𝐸1 = 4.44𝑓𝑁1 𝜑𝑚
Solution :
𝐸1 = 4.44𝑓𝑁1 𝜑𝑚

Find 𝑁1 = 𝐸1 /4.44𝑓𝜑𝑚 = E1/emf per turn = 250/8 = 31.25 = 32 Turns 𝑁2 𝐸2 𝑉2 𝐼1


𝐾= = = =
𝑁1 𝐸1 𝑉1 𝐼2
𝑁2 = 𝐸2 /4.44𝑓𝜑𝑚 = E2/emf per turn = 3000/8 = 375 Turns

𝐸1 = 4.44𝑓𝑁1 𝐵𝑚 𝐴

Find Area of the core, A = 𝐸1 / 4.44𝑓𝑁1 𝐵𝑚 = 0.03 m^2

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 2


Problem-2
The core of a 100-kVA, 11000/550 V, 50-Hz, 1-ph, core type transformer has a cross-section of 20 cm x 20 cm.
Find (i) the number of H.V. and L.V. turns per phase and (ii) the e.m.f. per turn if the maximum core density is
not to exceed 1.3 Tesla. Assume a stacking factor of 0.9.
Given Data : 𝑒𝑚𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 = 4.44𝑓𝜑𝑚
P=100kVA, E1=V1=11kV, E2=V2=550V, f=50Hz, Bm = 1.3Tesla (Wb/m^2)
A=20*20*10^-4 m^2 = 0.04m^2 (Physical Area) 𝐸1 = 4.44𝑓𝑁1 𝜑𝑚
Effective Area = Physical Area * Stacking factor = 0.04*0.9 = 0.036m^2
Find : N1, N2, emf per turn
Solution : 𝐸 = 4.44𝑓𝑁 𝐵 𝐴 1 1 𝑚
𝑁2 𝐸2 𝑉2 𝐼1
Find 𝑁1 = 𝐸1 / 4.44𝑓𝐵𝑚 𝐴 = 11000/(4.44*50*1.3*0.036) = 1058.75 = 1060Truns
𝐾= = = =
𝑁1 𝐸1 𝑉1 𝐼2
𝐸2 𝑁2
=𝐾=
𝐸1 𝑁1
Find N2 = K*N1 = (550/11000)*1060 = 53 Turns
Emf Per turn = 10.38 = 10.4 volts

The stacking factor (also lamination factor or space factor) is a measure used in electrical transformer design and some other electrical
machines. It is the ratio of the effective cross-sectional area of the transformer core to the physical cross-sectional area of the transformer core.

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 3


Problem-3
A single-phase transformer has 400 primary and 1000 secondary turns. The net cross-sectional area of the core is 60
cm2. If the primary winding be connected to a 50-Hz supply at 520 V, calculate (i) the peak value of flux density in the
core (ii) the voltage induced in the secondary winding.

Given Data: 𝑒𝑚𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 = 4.44𝑓𝜑𝑚


N1=400, N2=1000, A=60cm^2, f=50Hz, E1=520Volts\
To find: Bm, E2---? 𝐸1 = 4.44𝑓𝑁1 𝜑𝑚

Solution :
A=60cm^2 = 60*10^-4 m^2
𝐸1 = 4.44𝑓𝑁1 𝐵𝑚 𝐴 𝑁2 𝐸2 𝑉2 𝐼1
𝐾= = = =
520=4.44*50*400*Bm*60*10^-4 𝑁1 𝐸1 𝑉1 𝐼2
Gives Bm = 0.976 Wb/m^2
K = N2/N1 = 1000/400 = 2.5
𝑁2 𝐸2
𝐾= =
𝑁1 𝐸1

Find E2 = K*E1 = 2.5*520 = 1300 Volts

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 4


Problem-4
A single-phase, 50 Hz, core-type transformer has square cores of 20 cm side. Permissible maximum flux-density is 1 Wb/m^2.
Calculate the number of turns per Limb on the High and Low-voltage sides for a 3000/220 V ratio.

Given Data: 𝑒𝑚𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 = 4.44𝑓𝜑𝑚


f=50Hz, Bm=1Wb/m^2, A=20*20*10^-4 m^2
E1=V1=3000Volts, E2=V2=220 Volts 𝐸1 = 4.44𝑓𝑁1 𝜑𝑚

To Find :
No. of turns per limb on both HV & LV side
𝑁2 𝐸2 𝑉2 𝐼1
No. of turns per limb = N/2 𝐾= = = =
𝑁1 𝐸1 𝑉1 𝐼2
In core Type Square Transformer, 2 limbs
𝐸1 = 4.44𝑓𝑁1 𝐵𝑚 𝐴

Find N2 = 220/(4.44*50*1* 20*20*10^-4 ) = 24.77 = 26 Turns


LV Turns per limb = 26/2 = 13 Turns
N1 = N2/K = 26/0.07 = 354.54 = 356 Turns 𝑁2 𝐸2 220
HV Turns per Limb = 356/2 = 178 Turns 𝐾 = = = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕
𝑁1 𝐸1 3000

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 5


Problem-5
A single phase transformer has 500 turns in the primary and 1200 turns in the secondary. The cross-sectional area of the core is
80 sq. cm. If the primary winding is connected to a 50 Hz supply at 500 V, calculate (i) Peak flux-density, and (ii) Voltage
induced in the secondary.

𝑒𝑚𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 = 4.44𝑓𝜑𝑚


Answers :
𝐸1 = 4.44𝑓𝑁1 𝜑𝑚
Bm = 0.563 Wb/m^2
E2 = 1200 Volts
𝑁2 𝐸2 𝑉2 𝐼1
𝐾= = = =
𝑁1 𝐸1 𝑉1 𝐼2

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 6


References

Text Books
• B. L. Theraja, A. K. Theraja, “Electrical Technology, Vol-2”, S. Chand Publisher.
– Chapter-32, Problems : 32.1 – 32.8, Pages 1123 - 1125.

Dr. J. Belwin Edward, Asso. Prof., SELECT, VIT, Vellore 7


THANK
YOU

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