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Synchronous Motors

Synchronous motors operate based on synchronization between the rotor's rotation and the frequency of the power supply. The rotor rotates at a speed proportional to the frequency called the synchronous speed. There are two main types - synchronous and induction motors. An equivalent circuit diagram shows the synchronous reactance and other components. Key characteristics include synchronous speed, power factor, efficiency, and losses such as copper and stray power losses.

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VIJORN ANDRE DIZON
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550 views

Synchronous Motors

Synchronous motors operate based on synchronization between the rotor's rotation and the frequency of the power supply. The rotor rotates at a speed proportional to the frequency called the synchronous speed. There are two main types - synchronous and induction motors. An equivalent circuit diagram shows the synchronous reactance and other components. Key characteristics include synchronous speed, power factor, efficiency, and losses such as copper and stray power losses.

Uploaded by

VIJORN ANDRE DIZON
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Synchronous Motor

A synchronous motor is an AC motor where the rotation of the rotor on which the
rotation of the rotor is proportional and synchronized with the frequency of the supply
current.

The rotation period of the rotor is equal to the rotating field of the machine it is inside
of.

The most common type of 3 phase motors is synchronous motors and induction
motors. When three-phase electric conductors are placed in certain geometrical positions,
an electrical field is generated. The rotating magnetic field rotates at a certain speed
known as the synchronous speed.
Rotor speed formula

Where:
F = frequency
P = no. of poles

Equivalent Circuit per Phase


• A three phase Y connected synchronous motor with a line voltage of 440 V and a synchronous
speed of 900 rpm operates with a power of 9kW and a lagging power factor of 0.8. The
synchronous reactance per phase s 10 ohms. Determine the torque angle in electrical degrees.
A. 36.33
B. 33. 51
C. 35.51
D. 38.46

Sol.
IL = P / sqt 3 x VL x pf
IL = 9000 / sqt 3 x 440 x 0.8
IL = 14.76 A

Ep = Vp – IpXs
440 / sqt 3 < 0 – ( 14.76 < -36.87)(10<90)
Ep = 203.281 < -35.51
= 35.51
• A 10-hp,230 V, three phase Y-connected synchronous motor has a reactance of 3 ohms per
phase and a negligible resistance. To what voltage must the motor is excited in order to
deliver full load at unity power factor and 90% efficiency?
A. 262 V
B. 254 V
C. 248 V
D. 242 V

Sol.
Pin = Pout/ n
Pin = 10(746)/0.9
= 8288.88 W

IL = Pin/ sqt 3 x VL x pf
IL = 8288.88 / sqt 3 x 230 x 1
Angle = arc cos of -1 = 0 deg

Ep = 230/ sqt 3 < 0 – (20.807<0) x ( 3 <90) EL = sqt 3 x Ep


Ep = 146.73 < 25.177 EL = 254 . 14 V
• A 15Hp, 230V single phase synchronous motor is taking a current of 50A
at a power factor 0.85 leading. Effective armature resistance is 0.2 ohm. If
this motor drives a mechanical load of12, determine its rotational losses.
A. 323 W
B. 340 W
C. 376 W
D. 314 W

Pm = P stator – ( Pcu + P stray)


Pm = VpIp cos theta – ( Ip2 Ra + P stray)
12 ( 746) = 230 x 50 x 0.85 – 50 ^2 x ( 0.2) – P stray
P stray = 323 W
• A 440-V, single-phase synchronous motor is drawing a line current of 50 A at 0.9 pf
lagging. This machine has an armature resistance and reactance of 0.8 and 10
ohms, respectively. If stray power and excitation losses amount to 500 W and 800
W respectively, bhp output of the motor.

A. 23.2
B. 20.4
C. 25.8
D. 18.5

Pm = P stator – ( Pcu + P stray )


Pm = VpIp cos theta – (Ip^2 Ra + P stray)
= 440 x 50 x 0.9 – ( 50 ) ^2 (0.8) – 500
Pm = 17300 W x 1 hp/ 746 W
Pm = 23.19 hp
Power and torque developed per phase

T = torque developed per phase (newton-meter)


Ns = synchronous speed (rpm)
Pd = mechanical power per phase
Power Losses and Efficiency

Pcu = stator copper loss


P core = core losses
Pfw = friction and windage losses
Pr = field copper losses or exciter losses
Power flow diagram

Pd = power developed in the armature


P out = power output
• A 500-hp, 2000 V, 3 phase star connected synchronous impedance of 0.3 +
j3 ohms per phase. Determine the induced emf per phase if the motor
works on full load with an efficiency of 94 % and a power factor of 0.8
leading.

A. 1360 V
B. 1354 V
C. 1402 V
D. 1522 V

P in = P out / n = 200 ( 746) / 0.92 = 162173.9 W


IL = Pin / sqt 3 Vl pf = 162173.9 / sqt 3 x 2200 x 0.8 = 53.2 A
Angle = arc cos 0.8 = 36.87
Zs = 3.015 < 84.289
Ep = 2200/ sqt 3 < 0 – ( 53.2<36.87)x(3.015<84.289)
Ep = 1360 . 113 < - 5.79
A 230 V, 60 -Hz , 3- phase , Y - connected synchronous motor draws a current
of 20 A and delivers 8 bhp . Armature resistance per phase is 0.5 If the iron
and friction losses amount to 300 W , determine the opening power factor
of the motor .
A. 0.809
C. 0.866
B. 0.807
D. 0.862

Pm = P stator – ( Pcu + Pstray)


Pm = sqt 3 x VLIL cos theta – ( 3 x Ip ^2 x Ra + P stray)
8 ( 746) = sqt 3 x 230 x 20 cos theta – 230 ^2 x 0.5 – 300
Cos theta = 0.862
Pf = 0.862
• A 2200 V, 200 hp, 3-phase mesh connected synchronous motor is working on
full load at an efficiency 0.88 and 0.8 pf leading. The armature reactance per
phase is 5 ohms. Determine the induced emf per phase. Neglect resistance.
A. 2377 V
B. 2345 V
C. 2380 V
D. 2307 V

Pin= 200(746) / 0.88 = 169545.45 W


IL = 169545.45 / sqt 3 x 2200 x 0.8 = 55.617 A
Theta = arc cos 0.8 = 36.87
Ep = 2200 < 0 – ( 55.617 < 36.87) x ( 5 < 90)
Ep = 2377 . 28 < - 5.37
• A 230-V, 60-Hz, single-phase synchronous motor is taking a current of 20 A at 0.866
lagging p.f. Effective armature resistance is 0.3 ohm. Iron and friction losses
amount to 450 W. Determine the efficiency of the motor at this load. Neglect
losses in the excitation.
A. 86.15 %
B. 85.30 %
C. 88.52 %
D. 83.20 %

P stator = 220 x 25 x 0.866 = 4763 W


Pcu = 25 ^2 x 0.4 = 250 W
N =Pm/Pstator = P stator- ( Pcu+Pstray)/ P stator
N = 4763 – ( 250 + 450 ) / 4763 x 100 %
N = 85. 3
• A three-phase star-connected synchronous motor draws 70 A at 0.8 pf
leading when connected from a 6.6 kV, 60-Hz, 3-phase source. At this load
the machine operates with an efficiency of 90%. If the synchronous
impedance of the machine is 2 + 115 ohms. Determine stray power losses.
A. 40.5 kW
B. 28.6 kW
C. 32.8 kW
D. 34.6 kW
P stator = sqt 3 x 6600 x 70 .0.8 = 640.166 kW
Pcu = 640.166 kW
Pcu = 3 x 70^2 x 2 = 29.4 kW
Pm = 0.9 x 640.166 = 576.15 kW
Pm = P stator – (Pcu + P stray)
576.15 = 640.166-29.4 –P stray
P stray= 34.616 kW
• A 1,000 kVA, 6,600 V wye-connected three-phase alternators having a
reactance of 8.8 Ω and a negligible resistance is supplying power to a
constant frequency bus bar. The open circuit emf at this instance is 4,311
V per phase. If steam supply is suddenly cut-off, the armature in amperes
is nearest to
A. 57
B. 60
C. 59
D. 56

Ep = 4311 V
Vp = 6600/sqt 3 = 3810.5 V

Ep = Vp – I1Zp I2 = 4311 – 3810.5 / 8.8


4311 = 3810.5 < 0 – (I2<90)x(8.8<90) I2 = 57 A
4311 = 3810.5 + 8.8 I2

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