Seamanship 4: Prelim Lesson

SEAMANSHIP 4
PRELIM LESSON
• WEEK 2
• Stability Calculation about Buoyancy and
Block Coefficient
• Stability Calculation pertaining GZ
• Archimedes Principle
• Archimedes Principles states that when a body is
wholly or partially immersed in liquid, it
appears to supper a loss of weight equal to the
weight of the liquid displaced.
• To create the apparent loss of weight , there
must be a force acting vertically upwards on the
body. This force is called the force of buoyancy
and it is equal to the weight of the liquid
displaced by the body.
• The Archimedes Principles also applies to ships.
Although ships are made of steel, they are
hallow inside which enables them to displaced
enough water to support its weight.
• The upward thrust exerted by water on the
submerged portion of a body is called force of
buoyancy the force of buoyancy is equal to the
weight of the liquid displaced by the body.
• If a body is unable to displace the amount of

liquid equal its own weight, then the body will
sink. The force of buoyancy is still there but not
enough to counter the force of gravity and keep
the body afloat.
• For a floating ship, the force of buoyancy is
equal to the weight of the water displaced by the
submerged part of the ship. The direction of
buoyancy force is upwards that in effect, it
counters the downward force of the ship’s weight
• BLOCK COEFFICIENT ( CB )
• The block coefficient (cB ) of a ship is the ratio of
the underwater volume of a ship to the volume
of a ship to the volume of the circumscribing
block
• CB = Volume of displacement/LxBxd
• Displacement = L xB x d x density
• Example
• A ship floats at a draught of 3.20m and has a
waterline length and breadth of 46.3m and
15.5m respectively. Calculate the block
coefficient (CB) if its volume of displacement is
1800m³
• Solution:
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
• CB =
𝐿𝑥𝐵𝑥𝑑
1800
• CB =
46.3 𝑥 15.5 𝑥 3.2
• CB = 0.784
• Example 2
• A ship has a length 200m and breadth 18m at the
waterline. If the ship floats at an evenkeel
draught of 7.56m in water RD 1.012 and the
block coiefficient is 0.824, calculate the
displacement
• Solution:
• Displacement = Volume of displacement x dens.
• Displacement = (Length x Beadth x draught x CB)x Density
• Displacement = (200x18x7.56x0.824)x1.012
• Displacement = 22695t
• Righting lever GZ
• Righting lever (GZ) is defined as the horizontal
distance, measured in meters, between the
center of gravity (G) and the vertical line of
action of the buoyancy force (Bf) acting through
the center of buoyancy (Bf) when the ship is
heeled
• Calculating the Moment of Statical Stability at
Small Angles of Heel
• In triangle GZM Sin θ = OPP/HYP = GZ / GM
• Therefore GZ = GM x Sin θ
• Having found GZ
• Righting Moment = GZ x Disp
• Note: The above formula for GZ can only be
used fo small angles of heel
• Example:
• A ship has a displacement of 9420 tons and a KM
of 9.22m. In its present loaded condition the KG
is 7.46m.
• Calculate the moment of statical stability if the
ship is heeled to:
• 2 degrees
• 4 degrees
• 8 degrees
• Solution
• KM = 9.22m
• KG = 7.46
• GM = 1.76m
• a) GZ = GM x sine θ
• GZ = 1.76 x sine 2°
• GZ = 0.06142
• RM = GZ x Displacement
• RM = 0.06142 x 9420
• RM = 578.6 t-m
• b) GZ = GM x sine θ
• GZ = 1.76 x sine 4°
• GZ = 0.12277m
• RM = 0.12277 x 9420
• RM = 1156.5 t-m
• c) GZ = GM x sine θ
• GZ = 1.76 x sine 8°
• GZ = 0.24494
• RM =GZ x Displacement
• RM = 0.24494 x 9420
• RM = 2307.4 t-m
• Example 2:
• A ship has a displacement of 8900 tons, a
corresponding KM of 9.400m and a KG of
7.620m
• a) Calculate the moment of statical stability when
the ship is heeled to 5°
• b) A weight of 200 tons is shifted from the lower
hold (KG 4.26m) to the upper deck (KG 12.60m)
• Calculate the moment of statical stability that
will now exist if the ship is again heeled to 5°
• Solution : ( a )
• KM = 9.400m
• KG = 7.620
• GM = 1.780m
• GZ = GM x sine θ
• GZ = 1.780 x sine 5°
• GZ = 0.15514m
• RM = 0.15514 x 8900
• RM = 1380.7 t-m
• Solution (b)
Items Weight (t) KG (m) Moments

(t-m)
Initial Displaxcement
8900 7.62 67818
Discharge
- 200 4.26 - 852
Load
200 12.60 2520
Finals
8900 69486
Final KG = Total Moment / Total Displacement

Final KG = 69486 / 8900 = 7.807m
• KM = 9.400m
• Final KG = 7.807m
• Final GM = 1.593m
• GZ = GM x sine θ
• GZ = 1.593 x sine 5°
• GZ = 0.13884m
• RM = 13884 x 8900
• RM = 1235.7 t-m

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SEAMANSHIP 4

• If a body is unable to displace the amount of

Items Weight (t) KG (m) Moments

Final KG = Total Moment / Total Displacement

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