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    Formulas For Uni Chem

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    Francis Yang
    The document provides formulas and explanations for various topics in chemistry including: 1) Mole calculations using moles, molar mass, concentration, and Avogadro's number. 2) Electromagnetic radiation calculations using speed, wavelength, frequency, and energy. 3) Gas law calculations for Boyle's law, Charles' law, Avogadro's principle, and the ideal gas law.

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    Formulas For Uni Chem

    Uploaded by

    Francis Yang
    29 views7 pages
    The document provides formulas and explanations for various topics in chemistry including: 1) Mole calculations using moles, molar mass, concentration, and Avogadro's number. 2) Electromagnetic radiation calculations using speed, wavelength, frequency, and energy. 3) Gas law calculations for Boyle's law, Charles' law, Avogadro's principle, and the ideal gas law.

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    Formulas for uni chem

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    The document provides formulas and explanations for various topics in chemistry including: 1) Mole calculations using moles, molar mass, concentration, and Avogadro's number. 2) Electromagnetic radiation calculations using speed, wavelength, frequency, and energy. 3) Gas law calculations for Boyle's law, Charles' law, Avogadro's principle, and the ideal gas law.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    29 views7 pages

    Formulas For Uni Chem

    Uploaded by

    Francis Yang
    The document provides formulas and explanations for various topics in chemistry including: 1) Mole calculations using moles, molar mass, concentration, and Avogadro's number. 2) Electromagnetic radiation calculations using speed, wavelength, frequency, and energy. 3) Gas law calculations for Boyle's law, Charles' law, Avogadro's principle, and the ideal gas law.

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    Formulas for chem exam

    Mole formulas

    - Moles represent a number the same way a dozen represents 12


    - The number represented is 6.022 x 10^23, a.k.a. Avogadro’s Number
    o This number was chosen because one mole of Carbon-12 is 12 grams
    - n = m/M
    o n = moles
    o m = mass
    o M = Molar mass (g/mol)
    - n = N/NA
    o n = moles
    o N = number of particles
    o NA = Avogadro’s number
    - C = n/V
    o C = concentration/Molarity (mol/L)
    o N = moles of solute
    o V = volume of solvent
    - pH = -log [H+]

    Electromagnetic radiation

    o c=vλ
     Speed = frequency x wavelength/lambda
     In a vacuum, c = 3 x 10^8
    o E = hv
     E = energy of light in Joules
     H is a constant = 6.626 x 10^-34
     V = frequency of light in s^-1 or waves (Hz)
    - To calculate first ionisation energy
    o (1 – atomic number)^2 x 13.6
    The gas laws

    - Boyle’s law
    o V ∝ 1/P
    o Volume of a gas is inversely proportional to pressure (where temperature and moles are
    constant)
    - Charles’ Law
    o V∝T
    o Volume of a gas is proportional to its absolute temperature (where pressure and
    number of moles are constant)
    - Avogadro’s principle
    o V∝n
    o Volume of a gas is proportional to number of moles of gas particles
    - Ideal gas law
    o Pv = nRT
     P = pressure in atm/pascal
     V = volume in litres
     N = number of moles
     T = temperature in kelvin (0° C = 273° K)
     R = ideal gas constant
     8.314 J/K/mol
    o Use when pressure is given in Pascals
     0.0821 L atm K/mol
    o Use when pressure is given in atm

    Molar volume

    - One mole of any gas occupies 22.4L at STP


    o Standard temperature and pressure are 0° C and 1 atm
    Boiling point elevation

     Tb = Kb x m
    - Change in Tb = number of degrees by which the solution’s boiling point is raised above the
    normal boiling point for the pure solvent
    - m = molality of solute in mol/kg
    o Solute concentration is expressed as molality because this unit is independent of
    temperature (unlike molarity)
    - Kb = the molal boiling point elevation constant
    o For water, the value is 0.512 degrees C/m

    Freezing point depression

    - Tf = change in temperature, number of degrees by which the solution’s freezing point is


    depressed below the normal freezing point for the pure solvent
    - m = molality of solute
    - Kf = molal freezing point depression constant

    Osmosis

    o Pi = cRT
    - Pi = osmotic pressure (atm)
    - C = solute concentration (molarity)
    - R = ideal gas constant (8.3145 J/mol/K or 0.0821 L atm/mol/K)
    - T = temperature in K
    First-order reactions

    - The rate equation for a first-order reaction with respect to A


    o [A]t = [A]0 e^-kt or [A]t/[A]0 = e^-kt
     [A]t refers to concentration of A at a particular time
     [A]0 refers to concentration of A at the start
     K is the rate constant
     T is the time
    o This is the integrated rate equation for a first order reaction

    Rates and temperature

    o K depends on temperature according to the Arrhenius equation


    o K = Ae^(-Ea/RT)
     A = frequency factor or pre-exponential factor
     Ea = activation energy
     Ea = -R x slope
     T = Temperature in kelvin
     R = ideal gas constant, 8.314 J/K/mol

    Heat capacity

    o qn = n x Cp x delta T
     n = matter being heated or cooled
     The units for Cp are J/K/mol or J/K/g or J/K/kg
     The units for qn are J or kJ

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