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    The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

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    The document is about protein synthesis and the central dogma of molecular biology. It contains sections defining key terms, labeling diagrams of DNA and RNA structures, completing a table showing transcription and translation, answering questions about the DNA coding process, and decoding DNA sequences to mRNA and protein sequences using codon charts. The central dogma shows that DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated into proteins.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

    Uploaded by

    MINt Kookie
    834 views5 pages
    The document is about protein synthesis and the central dogma of molecular biology. It contains sections defining key terms, labeling diagrams of DNA and RNA structures, completing a table showing transcription and translation, answering questions about the DNA coding process, and decoding DNA sequences to mRNA and protein sequences using codon charts. The central dogma shows that DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated into proteins.

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    THE CENTRAL DOGMA OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

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    The document is about protein synthesis and the central dogma of molecular biology. It contains sections defining key terms, labeling diagrams of DNA and RNA structures, completing a table showing transcription and translation, answering questions about the DNA coding process, and decoding DNA sequences to mRNA and protein sequences using codon charts. The central dogma shows that DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated into proteins.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    834 views5 pages

    The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

    Uploaded by

    MINt Kookie
    The document is about protein synthesis and the central dogma of molecular biology. It contains sections defining key terms, labeling diagrams of DNA and RNA structures, completing a table showing transcription and translation, answering questions about the DNA coding process, and decoding DNA sequences to mRNA and protein sequences using codon charts. The central dogma shows that DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated into proteins.

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    You are on page 1of 5

    Name: _____________________________________________________ Score: ____________

    Section: ___________________________________________________ Date: _____________

    The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology:


    Protein Synthesis & Amino Acid

    I. USEFUL TERMS (30 points)


    Directions: Define the following words that are useful in studying protein synthesis.

    1. DNA
    _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    2. RNA
    _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    3. Hydrogen Bond
    _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    4. Thymine
    _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    5. Backbone
    _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    6. mRNA
    _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    7. tRNA
    _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    8. rRNA
    _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    9. Amino acid
    _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    10. Codon
    _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    11. Anticodon
    _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    12. Transcription
    _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    13. Translation
    _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    14. Polypeptide
    _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    15. Protein
    _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

    II. LABELING (20 points)


    Directions: Follow the coloring scheme for each diagram below, then label the parts
    listed.

    Nucleotide Structure
     phosphate group – brown
     five-carbon sugar – orange
     nitrogen(ous) base – purple

    1|THE CENTRAL DOGMA OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY


    DNA Structure
     sugar-phosphate backbone – brown/orange
     adenine – red
     thymine – green
     cytosine – blue
     guanine – yellow
     hydrogen bond – black

    III. TABLE COMPLETION (20 points)


    01. Fill in the complimentary DNA strand using DNA base paring rules.
    02. Fill in the correct mRNA bases by transcribing the bottom DNA code.
    03. Translate the mRNA codons and find the correct amino acid using the Codon Circular
    Table.
    04. Write in the amino acid and the correct ant-codon, the tRNA molecule.
    05. Then answer the questions about protein synthesis below the amino acids.

    Complementary Codon Anti-Codon


    DNA Amino Acid
    DNA mRNA tRNA
    A T A U
    Methionine
    T A U A
    (Start Codon)
    G C G C
    G
    T
    A
    G
    C
    T
    A
    A
    C
    C
    T
    T
    2|THE CENTRAL DOGMA OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
    IV. DNA CODING (20 points)

    Answer the following questions based on the diagram above.


    01. Where is mRNA synthesized, transcription or translation?
    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    02. Does mRNA have codons or anti-codons?
    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    03. How many codons equal one amino acid, 1 or 3?
    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    04. Does tRNA bring amino acid to the nucleus or ribosomes?
    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    05. Is a polypeptide a sequence of proteins or amino acids?
    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    06. Does tRNA have codons or anti-codons?
    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    07. Does tRNA transfer amino acids during transcription or translation?
    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    08. Are ribosomes the site where translations or transcription takes place?
    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

    3|THE CENTRAL DOGMA OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY


    V. THE CENTRAL DOGMA OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (60 points)
    Directions: Use the diagram of codons to decode the sequence below.

    First Step: DNA Replication


    OLD STRAND OF DNA
    TAC CTC CGG TGG GTG CTT GTC TGT ATC CTT CTC AGT ATC
    NEW STRAND OF DNA

    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

    Second Step: TRANSCRIPTION


    ONE STRAND OF DNA (ORGINAL STRAND OF DNA)
    TAC CTC CGG TGG GTG CTT GTC TGT ATC CTT CTC AGT ATC
    mRNA

    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

    Third Step: TRANSLATION BY PROTEIN SYNTHESIS


    tRNA

    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

    PROTEIN

    _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

    4|THE CENTRAL DOGMA OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY


    Use your codon chart above to determine the amino acid sequence of each polypeptide below.
    Remember to ONLY start on AUG and STOP when you encounter a stop codon. Follow the
    example below:

    Note: in real life, polypeptides are hundreds or thousands of nucleotides long.


    1. DNA _ CCT CTT TAC ACA CGG AGG GTA CGC TAT TCT ATG ATT ACA CGG TTG CGA TCC ATA ATC
    mRNA _
    protein _

    2. DNA _ AGA ACA TAA TAC CTC TTA ACA CTC TAA AGA CCA GCA CTC CGA TGA ACT GGA GCA
    mRNA _
    protein _

    3. DNA _ TAC CTT GGG GAA TAT ACA CGC TGG CTT CGA TGA ATC CGT ACG GTA CTC GCC ATC
    mRNA _
    protein _

    4. DNA _ TAA ACT CGG TAC CTA GCT TAG ATC TAA TTA CCC ATC
    mRNA _
    protein _

    5. DNA _ CTA TTA CGA TAC TAG AGC GAA TAG AAA CTT ATC ATC
    mRNA _
    protein _
    6. DNA _ TAC CTT AGT TAT CCA TTG ACT CGA ATT GTG CGC TTG CTG ATC
    mRNA _
    protein _

    7. DNA _ ACC CGA TAC CTC TCT TAT AGC ATT ACA AAC CTC CGA GCG
    mRNA _
    protein _

    8. DNA _ TAC AGA CGG CAA CTC TGG GTG CTT TGT TCT CTT CTC AGT ATC
    mRNA _
    protein _

    5|THE CENTRAL DOGMA OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

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