Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction: Quarter 1 - Module 9: Hazard and Its Types

Disaster Readiness and
Risk Reduction
Quarter 1 – Module 9:
Hazard and Its Types
Disaster Readiness and Risks Reduction
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 9: Hazard and Its Types
First Edition, 2020
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ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Annalyn Sevilla
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Ruby C. Bautista

Angelyn T. Natividad
Editors: Aries B. Manalo

Riza Mae S. Sanchez
Ginalyn H. Aquino
Reviewers: Desiree D. Vista

Rex J. Vibal
Illustrator: Leumel M. Cadapan
Layout Artist: Dyessa Jane P. Calderon

Leumel M. Cadapan
Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral

Job S. Zape Jr.
Eugenio S. Adrao
Elaine T. Balaogan
Rosemarie D. Torres
Ernesto D. Lindo
Dolorosa S. De Castro
Cristeta M. Arasco
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON

Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro
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Disaster Readiness and
Risk Reduction
Quarter 1 – Module 9:
Hazard and Its Types
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Grade 11/12 Disaster Readiness and Risks Reduction (DRRR)
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Hazard and its Types!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:
Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
ii
For the learner:
Welcome to the Grade 11/12 Disaster Readiness and Risks Reduction (DRRR)
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Hazard and its Types!
The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn, create, and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.
What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.
iii
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
iv
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Disaster Readiness and Risks Reduction on the topic Hazard and its
Types. It contains different information about hazard and comprises of different
samples. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations specifically in dealing various hazards. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module focused on the concept of hazard and its types.

After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. define and expound hazard and its types;

2. observe proper precautions signs and symbols in hazard areas; and
3. appreciate the importance of observing precautionary measures
What I Know
Read the following sentences carefully and choose the letter of the correct
answer.
1. Which is not the meaning of Hazard?
A. Hazard is an agent which has the potential to cause harm to
vulnerable target.
B. Hazard cannot cause harm or damage to humans, property,
or environment.
C. Hazard is defined as the source of danger and is something
that may cause injury or harm. It is also the uncertain
course of events in a country.
D. Hazard is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human
activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or
other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods
and services, social and economic disruption, or
environmental damage.
2. Which is not an example of Natural Hazards?
A. Fires C. Landslides
B. Floods D. Tsunami
1
3. It is the type of Hazard that arises through interaction of natural
processes and human activities.
A. Natural hazards C. Technological (or man-made) hazards
B. Quasi-natural hazards D. None of the above
4. Which is an example of Natural Hazard?
A. Avalanche C. Pollution
B. Plane crash D. Smog
5. This type of hazards arises directly as a result of human activities.
6. Which is not an example of Quasi- Natural Hazards?
A. Air pollution C. Volcanic eruptions
B. Smog D. Water Pollution
7. Which is an example of Quasi- Natural Hazards?
A. Fog C. Strom surge
B. Landslides D. Toxic
8. It is the type of hazards that arises from natural processes in the
environment.
9. Which is an example of Natural Hazards?
A. Dam failures C. Plane Crashes
B. Sandstorm D. Smog
10. Which of the following is a man-made disaster?
A. Major fire C. Terrorism
B. Pollution D. All of the above
11. Bush Fire is an example of what types of Hazards?
12. Which one of the following is a Type of Natural Hazard?
A. Acid rain C. Pollution
B. Oil spill D. Wild fire
13. What is drought?
A. No rainfall for a long continuous period
B. Heavy rainfall for a long continuous period
C. Moderate rainfall for a long continuous period
D. None of the above
14. Which is not associated with the word HAZARD?
A. Cautious C. Peril
B. Menace D. Risk
15. These are the examples of Natural Hazards in the Philippines EXCEPT
A. Avalanche C. Volcanic eruptions
B. Lightning D. None of the above
2
Lesson
1 Hazard and Its Types
This lesson introduces various concepts underlying hazard and determine types of
Hazard and its example. In the varied information given below it will help students
understand the major effects of hazards and how to prevent and avoid that to
happen. It will also serve as a warning signal for the students to be aware and extra
cautious.
These are the some definitions of Hazards from different sources:
According to Burton et al (1978), Hazard is defined as "Those elements of the
physical environment, harmful to man and caused by forces extraneous to him.
It is also defined as a source of potential harm or a situation with a potential to
cause loss (Standards Australia 2000).
A hazard is any object, situation, or behavior that has the potential to cause injury,
ill health, or damage to property or the environment.
As stated in Philippine DRRR law 2010, Hazard is a dangerous phenomenon,
substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other
health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and
economic disruption, or environmental damage.
What’s In
Activity 1: Let’s Study and Analyze: Volcano and Parachutist
Let’s Think About This

Based on the illustration, answer
the following tasks/questions
below:
1. Cite hazards present in the
illustration.
2. What type of Hazards is shown
in the picture?
3. Based on the picture what do
you think will happen to the
parachutist?
Source: Richard J. King,

hazard_risk_cartoon_456.jpg., 2012,
https://d32ogoqmya1dw8.cloudfront.net/
images
3
Notes to the Teacher
Teachers are expected to answer the students queries contain in

the module via internet, messenger, email or text if necessary.
What’s New
Identifying potential hazards can eliminate or control unintentional injuries,

property damage or even worst, losing one’s life that might happen in the future .
Activity 2.1: Let’s Know! SPOT THE HAZARD
Observe the picture and answer the

following questions below.
1. What objects do you see in the

illustration above? How many
objects are there on the table?
2. If you are going to shake the
table, which object would be
affected the most by the shaking?
Why?
3. Based on the picture what
object/s can be considered hazard?
Source: Disaster, Hazard, Types of Hazard (Natural

and man Made Hazards),
https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lesson1-
180511083518/95/disaster-hazard-types-of-
hazard-natural-and-man-made-hazards-and-
vulnerability-categories-of-vulnerability-16-638.jpg?
cb=1557750308
4
Activity 2.2. Let’s Know Deeper! SPOT THE HAZARDS
Find hazards on the given pictures and answer the following questions below
A. Hazard at home
Source: Danger in the kitchen, www.google.com, accessed October 2019,

https://www.twinkl.co.uk/resource/cfe-h-011-dangers-in-the-kitchen-activity-sheet
B. Hazard at school
Source: Slip, Trip and Fall Hazards, accessed March 9, 2015, www. youtube.com,
https://youtu.be/ChQ8aoeHoEQ?t=146
5
C. Hazard outside
Source: Macky Lim, Sun Star Davao, June 2, 2020, https://www.sunstar.com.ph/

article/1801175
1. List down the 5 different hazards found at home, school and outside.
2. Classify the types of Hazards present on the given picture.
3. Can the effects of hazards be avoided? How?
Activity 2.3 Concept Cluster

Give words associated with the word HAZARD. (10 points)
HAZA
RD
6
Activity 2.4 Give your own definition of the term HAZARD by
completing the acrostic.
H-
A-
Z-
A-
R-
D–
What is It
Let’s Learn
After identifying hazards in the previous activity, this part gives information about
the types of Hazard and its example.
Hazards can be categorized in different types:

1. Natural hazards - arise from natural processes in the environment.
e.g. earthquakes, tsunami, landslides, volcanic eruptions and floods
2. Quasi-natural hazards- arise through the interaction of natural processes and

human activities
e.g. pollution or desertification, smog and fog
3. Technological (or man-made) hazards- These arise directly as a result of

human activities.
e.g. accidental release of chemicals, toxic and pesticides to floral and fauna
7
Hazards Signs and Symbols
These signs and symbols with corresponding meaning below help people to be extra
cautious, aware and observant in surroundings.
Each picture is designed to become recognizable to anyone as a signal word like

“danger” or “warning”.
Technology or Man Made Hazards Signs and Symbols
 FLAME
- Flammable
- Self-heating
- Emits Flammable Gas
- Pyrophoric
Source: Safety Symbols and Their

Meanings, February 1, 2018,
https://www.dcmgroup.ca/en/news/saf
ety-symbols-and-their-meanings-2/
 HEALTH HAZARD
- Reproductive toxicity
- Respiratory sensitizer
- Target organ toxicity
- Aspiration toxicity

8
 EXPLODING BOMB
- Explosives
- Self-reactives
- Organic Peroxides

Meanings,February 1, 2018,
 SKULL AND CROSSBONES
- Fatal or toxic
- Acute toxicity

9
Natural Hazards Signs and Symbols
Source: Much Mania, Natural Disaster Warning Signs, Caution, Danger, Hazard Symbol Set, 2003-2020,
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/natural-disaster-warning-signs-caution-danger-302759177
10
Quasi-Natural Signs and Symbols
 ENVIRONMENT
- Aquatic toxicity

- Air toxicity
Source: Wamsler, Smog warning sign,

grungy style, vector illustration,
www.google.com.,
https://www.123rf.com/photo_3731285
3_stock-vector-smog-warning-sign-
grungy-style-vector-illustration.html
11
What’s More
Activity 1.1 Arrange Me!
Choose the right example of types of hazards below and write it on the
corresponding table.
Natural Hazards Quasi-Natural Hazards Technological Or

Manmade Hazards
avalanche volcanic eruptions hurricanes

oil spill biological attacks landslides
mining explosions polluting ground water droughts
wild fires or bush fires dam failures fires
transportation accidents storm surge earthquake
train accident plane crashes tornadoes
falling objects typhoon floods
air pollution water pollution acid rain
global warming desertification smog
lightning sandstorm epidemic in human
plants and animals
Activity 1.2 Match Me!
12
A. See the following pictures below and give the sign and symbol and its
description
1.
Source: Much Mania, Natural Disaster Warning Signs,

Caution, Danger, Hazard Symbol Set, 2003-2020,
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/natural-
disaster-warning-signs-caution-danger-302759177
2.
Source: Wamsler, smog warning sign, grungy style,
vector illustration, www.google.com,
https://www.123rf.com/photo_37312853_stock-
vector-smog-warning-sign-grungy-style-vector-
illustration.html
3. Source: Much Mania, Natural Disaster Warning Signs,

Caution, Danger, Hazard Symbol Set, 2003-2020,
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/natural-
disaster-warning-signs-caution-danger-302759177
4.
Source: Safety Symbols and Their Meanings, February

1, 2018, https://www.dcmgroup.ca/en/news/safety-
symbols-and-their-meanings-2/
13
5.
Source: Safety Symbols and Their Meanings, February

1, 2018, https://www.dcmgroup.ca/en/news/safety-
symbols-and-their-meanings-2/
B. Answer the following questions.

1. Have you seen the following signs before?
2. Have you encountered people who failed to comply with the hazards signs
and symbols?
3. What did you feel upon observing it?
4. Do you think it is important to know this precautionary signs? Why?
What I Have Learned
Complete Me!
Complete the following sentences by giving the appropriate answer needed in the
blank.
Hazard is __________________________. It becomes hazard when

__________________________. The different types of hazards are
__________________________, __________________________, __________________________.
We can minimize the effects of hazards through __________________________.
14
What I Can Do
A. Let’s Pretend!
The Philippines is considered as the third most prone to hazard country in the
world, having more than 20 tropical cyclones in a year, earthquakes, and more
than 20 active volcanoes found all over the country. As a disaster advocate, what
are the things that you can contribute to possibly minimize the risks of disaster in
your home and school?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
B. Let’s Try This: Significant interview
Conduct an interview among your family members about the hazards they
encounter in the following settings. Then classify them according to types of
hazards.
1. In school
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. In barangay/ town/ province

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
15
3. In workplace
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Assessment
Read the following sentences carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which is not the meaning of Hazard?
A. Hazard is an agent which has the potential to cause harm to
vulnerable target.
B. Hazard cannot cause harm or damage to humans, property,
or environment.
C. Hazard is defined as the source of danger and is something that may
cause injury or harm. It is also the uncertain course of events in a
country
D. Hazard is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or
condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts,
property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic
disruption, or environmental damage.
2. Which is not an example of Natural Hazards?

A. Fires C. Landslides
B. Floods D. Tsunami
3. It is the type of Hazard that arises through interaction of natural processes

and human activities

A. Avalanche C. Pollution
B. Plane crash D. Smog
5. This type of hazards arises directly as a result of human activities.

16
6. Which is not an example of Quasi- Natural Hazards?
A. Air pollution C. Volcanic eruptions
B. Smog D. Water pollution
7. Which is an example of Quasi- Natural Hazards?

A. Fog C. Storm Surge
B. Landslides D. toxic
8. It is the type of hazards that arises from natural processes in the

environment.

A. Dam failures C. Plane crashes
B. Sandstorm D. Smog
10. Which of the following is a man-made disaster?

A. Major fire C. Terrorism
B. Pollution D. All of the above
11. Bush Fire is an example of what type of Hazards?

12. Which one of the following is a type of Natural Hazard?

A. Acid rain C. Pollution
B. Oil spill D. Wild fire
13. What is drought?

A. No rainfall for a long continuous period
B. Heavy rainfall for a long continuous period
C. Moderate rainfall for a long continuous period
D. None of the above
14. Which is not associated with the word HAZARD?

A. Cautious C. Peril
B. Menace D. Risk
15. These are the example of Natural Hazards in the Philippines EXCEPT
A. Avalanche C. Volcanic eruptions
B. Lightning D. None of the above
17
Additional Activities
Make your own article discussing the effects of hazards and how do people survive
in this kind of situation?
1. Guimaras Oil Spill
Source: Shubert Ciencia, Cleanup in Barangay La Paz, Nueva Valencia,

Guimaras, licensed CC BY 2.0
2. Floods in urban areas
Source: Floods in the Philippines 2009, www.google.com,

https://floodlist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/philippines
18
Answer Key
Assessment What's More What I Know

1. B 1. B
2. A 2. A
3. B Technological 3. B
Natural Quasi Natural
or Man Made
4. A Hazards Hazards 4. A
Hazards
5. C 5. C
6. C 6. C
7. A 7. A
8. A 8. A
9. B 9. B
- avalanche - air pollution - oil spill
10. D 10. D
11. A 11. A
12. D - volcanic - water - biological 12. D
13. A 13. A
14. A 14. A
eruptions pollution attacks
15. A 15. A
- hurricane - acid rain - mining
- landslides - global explosions
- droughts warming - polluting
- storm surge - desertification ground water
19
References
E-book:
K. Hewitt and I. Burton, The Hazardousness of a Place: A Regional Ecology

of Damage Events, University of Toronto, 1971,
https://www.abebooks.com/servelet/BookDetailsPL?bi=22573648538
Eric Gislason, Types of Hazards National Association of Safety Professionals,

accessed December 26, 2018, https://naspweb.com/types-of-hazards/
Difference between Natural and Man Made Disaster, accessed June 23, 2016,
https://pediaa.com/difference-between-natural-and-man-made-disaster/
Caution and Warning: Natural disaster, https://www.shutterstock.com/image-

vector/natural-disaster-warning-signs-caution-danger-302759177
Website
Richard J. King, hazard_risk_cartoon_456.jpg., 2012,

https://d32ogoqmya1dw8.cloudfront.net/images
Danger in the kitchen, www.google.com, October 2019,

https://www.twinkl.co.uk/resource/cfe-h-011-dangers-in-the-kitchen-activity-
sheet
Slip, Trip and Fall Hazards, www.youtube.com, March 9, 2015,

https://youtu.be/ChQ8aoeHoEQ?t=146
Sun Star Davao, June 2, 2020, https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1801175
Safety Symbols and Their Meanings, Retrieved February 1, 2018,

https://www.dcmgroup.ca/en/news/safety-symbols-and-their-meanings-2/
Much Mania, Natural Disaster Warning Signs, Caution, Danger, Hazard Symbol Set,
2003-2020, https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/natural-disaster-
warning-signs-caution-danger-302759177
Wamsler, Smog warning sign, grungy style, vector illustration, www.google.com,

https://www.123rf.com/photo_37312853_stock-vector-smog-warning-sign-
grungy-style-vector-illustration.html
Shubert Ciencia, Cleanup in Barangay La Paz, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras, licensed

under CC BY 2.0
Floods in the Philippines 2009, www.google.com, https://floodlist.com/wp-

content/uploads/2013/04/philippines
20
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph
21

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Disaster Readiness and

Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Ruby C. Bautista

Editors: Aries B. Manalo

Reviewers: Desiree D. Vista

Illustrator: Leumel M. Cadapan

Layout Artist: Dyessa Jane P. Calderon

Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON

This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by educators

Notes to the Teacher

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

The following are some reminders in using this module:

The module focused on the concept of hazard and its types.

1. define and expound hazard and its types;

1 Hazard and Its Types

Activity 1: Let’s Study and Analyze: Volcano and Parachutist

Let’s Think About This

Source: Richard J. King,

Teachers are expected to answer the students queries contain in

Identifying potential hazards can eliminate or control unintentional injuries,

Activity 2.1: Let’s Know! SPOT THE HAZARD

Observe the picture and answer the

1. What objects do you see in the

Source: Disaster, Hazard, Types of Hazard (Natural

Source: Danger in the kitchen, www.google.com, accessed October 2019,

Source: Macky Lim, Sun Star Davao, June 2, 2020, https://www.sunstar.com.ph/

Activity 2.3 Concept Cluster

Hazards can be categorized in different types:

2. Quasi-natural hazards- arise through the interaction of natural processes and

3. Technological (or man-made) hazards- These arise directly as a result of

Each picture is designed to become recognizable to anyone as a signal word like

Technology or Man Made Hazards Signs and Symbols

Source: Safety Symbols and Their

Source: Safety Symbols and Their

Source: Safety Symbols and Their

 SKULL AND CROSSBONES

Source: Safety Symbols and Their

Source: Safety Symbols and Their

Source: Wamsler, Smog warning sign,

Activity 1.1 Arrange Me!

Natural Hazards Quasi-Natural Hazards Technological Or

avalanche volcanic eruptions hurricanes

Activity 1.2 Match Me!

Source: Much Mania, Natural Disaster Warning Signs,

3. Source: Much Mania, Natural Disaster Warning Signs,