Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction: Hydrometeorological Hazards
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction: Hydrometeorological Hazards
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction: Hydrometeorological Hazards
Risk Reduction
Quarter 2 – Module 6:
Hydrometeorological Hazards
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 6: Hydrometeorological Hazards
First Edition, 2020
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Hydrometeorological Hazards
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction for Grade 11/12 Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Hydrometeorological Hazards!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
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For the learner:
Welcome to the Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction for Grade 11/12 Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on (Hydrometeorological Hazards)!
The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
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Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
A. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
B. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
C. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
D. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
E. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
F. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of
the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.
The Module is intended to equip you with knowledge concerning “Signs of impending
hydrometeorological hazards; typhoon, thunderstorm, flashflood, flood, storm surge, El
Niño and La Niña”.
Read each item carefully and choose the best answer that corresponds to
your answer.
1. Which of the following is an atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature
that may cause loss of life?
a. acid rain
b. geological hazard
c. hydrometeorological hazard
d. storm surge
8. It is the stage wherein the sun heats the Earth's surface during the day.
The heat on the surface and warms the air around it.
a. cumulus stage
b. dissipating stage
c. immature stage
d. mature stage
9. It is the stage when the cumulus cloud becomes very large, the water in it
becomes large and heavy. Raindrops start to fall through the cloud when the rising
air can no longer hold them up.
a. cumulus stage
b. dissipating stage
c. immature stage
d. mature stage
10. It is the stage when the downdrafts in the cloud begins to dominate over the
updraft. Since warm moist air can no longer rise, cloud droplets can no longer
form.
a. cumulus stage
b. dissipating stage
c. immature stage
d. mature stage
11. Which of the following predicting signs of a typhoon where clouds are often
seen as fluffy, fair-weather cotton balls in the sky?
a. cloud color
b. towering clouds
c. arcing shelf clouds
d. cloud location and sun rays
12. It is a predicting sign of a typhoon where at first glance of this scene
looks peaceful, with shafts of sunlight trickling through gaps in the clouds. A
large number of smaller cumulus clouds in the foreground are beginning to build
upward and are unusually dark.
a. cloud color
b. towering clouds
c. arcing shelf clouds
d. cloud location and sun rays
13. It is a predicting sign of a typhoon where a rotating wall cloud with a lowered
cloud base is characteristic of a severe thunderstorm (supercell). It’s the most
obvious sign of a severe storm: twisting, rotating, and unusually quick-moving
clouds.
a. cloud color
b. towering clouds
c. arcing shelf clouds
d. cloud location and sun rays
6
Signs of Impending Hydrometeorological
Hazards
What’s In
What’s New
Activity 2.1:
Directions: Identify the Hydro-meteorological Hazard in the given pictures. Write your
answer on a separate sheet.
1. _________________________________ 4. _________________________________
2. _________________________________ 5. _________________________________
3. _________________________________ 6. _________________________________
Activity 2.2
Jumbled Words
Directions: Given the definition of the jumbled words, write the correct term on the
blank provided.
What is It
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS
1. Typhoon
2. Thunderstorm
3. Flood
4. Flashflood
5. Storm Surge
6. El Niño
7. La Niña
Hydrometeorological conditions lead to other hazards such as landslides, fires,
plagues, epidemics and in transport and dispersal of toxic substances and volcanic
eruption material.
The weather map displays the air pressure, wind, temperature, and humidity distribution
trends at various atmospheric rates. There are two forms, namely the surface map and
the upper-air maps, of the basic weather map. Weather forecasting comprises of 5 steps
as follow:
Weather radars are also used to track the position of the atmosphere within radar
range. A numerical weather prediction is fed to the computer which analyzes data as
programmed and makes a time integration of physical equations.
Collection and Transmission of Weather Data are condensed into coded figures,
symbols and numerals are transmitted via radiophone, teletype, facsimile machine or
telephone to designated collection centers for further transmission to the central
forecasting station. Weather satellite images are transmitted to receiving stations on the
ground while radar measurements are transmitted through a local communication
network to forecast centers.
Observations on land and sea are plotted on charts of surface or mean sea level,
which are prepared four times a day. Once the coded messages have been received, they
are decoded, and each set of observations is plotted over the respective areas or regions
in symbols or numbers on weather charts. Observations of radiosonde, theodolite,
aircraft, and satellite wind are plotted on top-level charts that are prepared twice daily.
4th Step: Analysis of Weather Maps, Satellite and Radar Imageries and Other Data
Current weather maps are analyzed through different weather charts namely
SURFACE (MSL) CHART, where data plotted on this weather map are analyzed
isobarically. This means the same atmospheric pressure at different places are inter-
connected with a line taking into consideration the direction of the wind; UPPER AIR
CHARTS, data plotted on this weather map are analyzed using streamline analysis;
NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION MODEL OUTPUT, the computer-plotted weather
maps are analyzed manually so that weather systems like cyclones and anticyclones are
located; and MONITOR WEATHER CHARTS, plotted cross-section data, rainfall charts
and 24 hour pressure change charts are analyzed to determine wind wave movement,
rainfall distribution and atmospheric pressure behavior.
MATURE STAGE
A cumulus cloud becomes very large,
where the water therein becomes large and
heavy, and raindrops begin to fall through the
cloud when the rising air can no longer hold
them up.
DISSIPATING STAGE
1. Inland flooding is the technical name for ordinary flooding that occurs in inland
areas, hundreds of miles from the coast.
2. Flash floods are caused by heavy rain or the sudden release of water over
a short period of time. The name "flash" refers to their fast occurrence and
also to their raging torrents of water that move with great speed. Flash
floods are also caused by heavy precipitation in a short period of time,
usually less than 6 hours.
3. River flooding occurs when water levels in rivers, lakes, and streams rise and
overflow onto the surrounding banks, shores, and neighboring land.
4. Coastal flooding is the inundation of land areas along the coast by seawater.
5. Urban flooding occurs when there is a lack of drainage in an urban (city) area.
Means, Tiffany. "The Types of Flood Events and Their Causes." ThoughtCo, Feb. 11, 2020,
thoughtco.com/the-types-of-flood-events-4059251
D. STORM SURGE
Storm surge or "Daluyong ng Bagyo" in the Philippine system where the irregular
sea-level rise during tropical cyclone or "bagyo" occurs. When the tropical cyclone reaches
the coast, powerful winds force the ocean water over the coastal low-lying areas, which
can lead to flooding.
PAGASA takes many technological considerations into account when forecasting the
negative impacts of a storm surge. For storm surge prone communities, the most
important considerations are the strength of the tropical cyclone; the height of the surge,
and the community located in the low-lying area.
The infographic below discusses the STORM SURGE WARNING LEVELS,
EL NIÑO- means The Little Boy, or Christ Child in Spanish. El Niño was originally
recognized by fishermen off the coast of South America in the 1600s, with the appearance
of unusually warm water in the Pacific Ocean. The name was chosen based on the time
of year (around December) during which these warm waters events tended to occur.
The term El Niño refers to the large-scale ocean-atmosphere climate interaction linked to
a periodic warming in sea surface temperatures across the central and east-central
Equatorial Pacific.
LA NIÑA – means The Little Girl in Spanish. La Niña is also sometimes called El
Viejo, anti-El Niño, or simply "a cold event."
La Niña episodes represent periods of below-average sea surface temperatures across the
east-central Equatorial Pacific. Global climate La Niña impacts tend to be opposite those
of El Niño impacts. In the tropics, ocean temperature variations in La Niña also tend to
be opposite those of El Niño.
Moravchik, Bruce, “WHAT ARE EL NIÑO AND LA NIÑA?”, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
AdministrationU.S. Department of Commerce, October 2017,
https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/ninonina.html
Mason, Matthew, “EL NIÑO AND LA NIÑA: THEIR IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT”,
Environmental Science, April 2017, https://www.environmentalscience.org/el-nino-la-nina-
impact-environment
El Niño & La Niña Affect Health Conditions
Department of Health, “EL NINO PHENOMENON”, Department of Health.gov.ph, February 17, 2015,
https://www.doh.gov.ph/Health-Advisory/El-Nino-phenomenon
Department of Health, “LA NINA PHENOMENON”, Department of Health.gov.ph, February 17, 2015,
https://www.doh.gov.ph/Health-Advisory/La-Nina-phenomenon
What’s More
Directions: Fill in the boxes with the correct words/phrases to complete the meaning of
HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS. Refer to the words and phrases in the box. The
first word has been done for you.
a process phenomenon of
WORD HINT
health impacts
atmospheric
loss of life
injury
property damage
social and economic disruption
oceanographic nature
environmental damage
What I Can Do
Activity 2: Be Prepared
Direction: Create a Be Prepared Brochure about the signs of hydro-meteorological
hazard exposure. Visit a community using google map (you can choose your own
community or barangay). Determine all the elements exposed to hydro-meteorological
hazard in the locality. Use your resources to create a creative brochure. Be creative
and include emergency hotlines as much as possible. You will be graded based on
rubrics given.
The Be Prepared Brochure will be assessed based on the following rubric:
Rating Scale:
VS – Very Satisfactory = 15 – 11
S – Satisfactory = 10 – 5
NI – Needs Improvement = 6 and below
Read each item carefully and choose the best answer that corresponds to
your answer.
4. Which of the following hydro meteorological hazards has an overflow of water onto
normally dry land in an existing waterway, such as a river, stream, or drainage ditch?
a. El Niño
b. Flood
c. La Niña
d. Storm Surge
8. It is the stage wherein the sun heats the Earth's surface during the day. The heat on
the surface and warms the air around it.
a. cumulus stage
b. dissipating stage
c. immature stage
d. mature stage
9. It is the stage when the cumulus cloud becomes very large, the water in it becomes
large and heavy. Raindrops start to fall through the cloud when the rising air can no
longer hold them up.
a. cumulus stage
b. dissipating stage
c. immature stage
d. mature stage
10. It is the stage when the downdrafts in the cloud begins to dominate over the updraft.
Since warm moist air can no longer rise, cloud droplets can no longer form.
a. cumulus stage
b. dissipating stage
c. immature stage
d. mature stage
11. It is a predicting sign of a typhoon where clouds are often seen as fluffy, fair-weather
cotton balls in the sky.
a. cloud color
b. towering clouds
c. arcing shelf clouds
d. cloud location and sun rays
12. It is a predicting sign of a typhoon where at first glance of this scene looks peaceful,
with shafts of sunlight trickling through gaps in the clouds. A large number of smaller
cumulus clouds in the foreground are beginning to build upward and are unusually dark.
a. cloud color
b. towering clouds
c. arcing shelf clouds
d. cloud location and sun rays
13. It is a predicting sign of a typhoon where a rotating wall cloud with a lowered cloud
base is characteristic of a severe thunderstorm (supercell). It’s the most obvious sign of
a severe storm: twisting, rotating, and unusually quick-moving clouds.
a. cloud color
b. towering clouds
c. arcing shelf clouds
d. cloud location and sun rays
15. Which of the following hydro meteorological hazards represents periods of below-
average sea surface temperatures across the east-central Equatorial Pacific?
a. El Niño
b. La Niña
c. storm surge
d. thunderstorm
Additional Activities
Instruction:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
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Activity 2.2
What I Have Learned What's More Jumbled Words
ACTIVITY 1 - DEFINE HYDRO-
METEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS 1.Thousands of Families 1.TYPHOON
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL Affected When Tropical
Hazards is a process or Storm (Sendong) Hit 2. FLOOD
phenomenon of Philippines
atmospheric,
3. La Nina
hydrological or 2.People are stranded in
4. storm asurge
oceanographic nature the flood during the storm
that may cause hits the Philippines 5.thunderstorm
loss of life,
injury or 3. Flooding and people 6. El Nino
other health impacts,
stranded in the area.
property damage, 7. Flashflood
loss of livelihoods and 4. Be prepared and listen
services,
and follow the given advice
social and economic
disruption, or by the authority.
environmental damage.
What’s New What’s In
Picture Perfect What I
ASSESSME Activity 2
NT HAZARD LETTER CLASSIFICATION Know
1.TYPHOON
1. Drought I GEO
B. C 2. FLOOD 2. Flood D HYDRO
1. C
C. D 3. Tsunami C GEO 2. D
3. STORMSURGE 4. Landslide E GEO 3. D
D. D
E. B 5. Bushfire G HYDRO 4. B
4. EL NIÑO
F. A 6. Earthquake A GEO 5. A
5. 7. Tornado H HYDRO 6. C
G. C
THUNDERSTORM 8. Typhoon B HYDRO 7. D
H. D 9. Volcanic F GEO 8. A
I. A 6. FLASHFLOOD eruption
J. D 9. D
K. B 10. B
L. D 11. D
M. B 12. B
N. D 13. D
O. C 14. C
P. B 15. B
Answer Key
References:
Ochea, Carmela, “DIFFERENT TYPES OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS”, Wordpress,
Jan 24, 2018 https://carmelaochea.wordpress .com/2018/01/24/different-types-of-
hydrometeorological-hazards/
Hatheway, Becca, “THUNDERSTORM FORMATION”, Windows to the Universe, May 27, 2010
https://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Atmosphere/tstorm/t
storm_formation.html
Mason, Matthew, “EL NIÑO AND LA NIÑA: THEIR IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT”,
Enviromental Science, April 2017, https://www.environmentalscience. org/el-nino-
la-nina-impact-environment
Means, Tiffany. "THE TYPES OF FLOOD EVENTS AND THEIR CAUSES." ThoughtCo, Feb. 11,
2020, thoughtco.com/the-types-of-flood-events-4059251
Moravchik, Bruce, “WHAT ARE EL NIÑO AND LA NIÑA?”, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
AdministrationU.S. Department of Commerce, October 2017,
https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/ninonina.html
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