General Mathematics

MODULE 2
Name of the Student

Strand

1|General Mathematics
Lesson 1.2

Evaluation of Function
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you should able to:
a. evaluate a function and
b. solve problems involving functions.

Getting Ready
Entry Card
Find the value of each expression and write it in the square.
a. Let n= 15

(2n-11)
n^2 n/5+20

n-5^2 n/3
n

3n+3 n+7/11 30-4n

b. Let n= 12
(2n-11)

n^2 n/5+20

n-5^2 n/3
n

3n+3 30-4n

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 n+7/11

Starting Point

Law of Substitution.
If a + x = b and x = c, then a + c = b

To find the value of each expression in the Entry Card. The law of substitution can
be applied as follows:
To find the value of n^2 when n is 15:
Substitute 15 in place of n in n^2 to get 15^2 or 225.
To find the value of 2n-11 when n is 12:
Substitute 12 in place of n in 2n-11 to get 2(12)-11 or 13.
To find the value of n+7/11 when n is 15:
Substitute 15 in place of n in n+7/11 to get 15+7/11 = 22/11 or 2.

Function Notation
The function notation y = f(x) tells you that y is a function of x. if there is a rule relating y
to x, such as y = 3x + 1, then you can also write:
f(x) = 3x + 1
f- the name of the function is f. other letters may be used to name functions,
especially g and h.
f(x)- is read as “ f of x,” and this represents the value of the function

To find the f(x) for a given value of x is to evaluate the function f by substituting the input
value of x into the equation. The input (domain) is the set of all x-values that makes sense
in the equation.
x-values function-values, f(x) = 3x + 1
x=2 f(2) = 3(2) + 1 = 7
x=3 f(3) = 3(3) + 1 = 10
x=4 f(4) = 3(4) + 1 = 13
x=5 f(5) = 3(5) + 1 = 16
Up to this point, parentheses have been used to represent multiplication. In the function
notation f(x), there is a different use of parentheses.
Remember that:
a. f(x) means “the value of f at x.” it does not mean “f times x.”
b. Letters other than f such as G and H or g and H can also be used.

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 c. f is the name of the function and f(x) is the value of the function at x.
The function notation f(x) = 3x + 1 has a certain advantage over the notation y = 3x + 1 as
far as evaluation is concerned. That is, if we use y = 3x + 1, then we would have to write,
When x = 2, then y = 3(2) + 1 = 7.
However, if we use f(x) = 3x + 1, we would only write,
f(2) = 3(2) + 1= 7

name of the function element of the domain of the function

Example 1
If f(x) = x + 8, evaluate each.
a. f(4) b. f(-2) c. f(-x) d. f(x + 3)
Solution
a. Replacing x with 4, we have c. Replacing x with –x, we have
f(4) = 4 + 8 or 12 f(-x) = x + 8
b. Replacing x with -2, we have d. Replacing x with x + 3, we have
f(-2)= -2 + 8 or 6 f(x + 3) = x + 3 + 8 or x + 11

Example 2
x^2 + 2, if x < 0 and
If f(x)=
5x + 2, if x ≤ 0, find: a. f(-4) b. f(3)
Solution
a. To find the f(-4), we let x = -4. Since -4 is less than 0, we use the first line of the
function thus,
f(x)= x^2 + 2 = (-4)^2 + 2 = 16 + 2 = 18
b. To find f(3), we let x = 3. Since 3 is greater than 0, we use the second line of the
function. Thus,
f(x)= 5x + 2 = 5(3) + 2 = 15 + 2 = 17
The price function p(x) = 640 – 0.2x represents the price for which you can sell x
printed T-shirt in Example 1 of lesson 1.1. What must be the price the shirt for the first 3
entries in the table?
Solution
The Given table is shown below.
Target No. Of
500 900 1300 1700 2100 2500
Shirt Sales
Price per T-
540php 460php 380php 300php 220php 140php
Shirt

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This means we have to find p(500), p(900), and p(1300).
For p(500): For p(1300)

P(500) = 640 – 0.2(500) P(500) = 640 – 0.2(1300)

= 640 -100 = 640 -260

= 540 = 380

Thus, the price of the shirt is 540php Thus, the price of the shirt is 380php

Note: This is the same price Indicated Note: This is the same price indicated in

in the table. the table. This only shows that the price

function p(x) = 640 – 0.2(x) fits each data point

in the given table

For p(900):

p(900) = 640 – 0.2(900)

= 640 – 180 Thus, the price of the shirt is 46php

= 460 Note: This is the same price indicated in the table.

Even and Odd Functions

The function f is an even function if and only if f(-x) = f(x), for all x in the domain of
f.
The right-hand side of the equation of an even function does not change even if x is
replaced with –x
The function f is an odd function if and only if f(-x) = -f(x), for all x in the domain of
f.
Every Term in the right-hand side of an odd function changes sign if x is replaced
by -x
Example
Identify each function as even, odd, or neither.
a. f(x) = x^2 b. g(x) = 3x^4 – 2x^2
Solution
In each case, replace x with –x and simplify. If the right-hand side of the equation stays
the same, the function is even. If every term on the right changes sign, the function is odd
the same, the function is even. If every term on the right changes sign, the function is odd.
a. Use f(x) = x^5
f(-x) = (-x)^5 replace x with –x
f(-x) = (-x) (-x) (-x) (-x) (-x)
f(-x) = -x^5
There is only one term on the right side of the equation f(x) = x^5. The term changed
sign when x was replaced by –x. since f(x) = -f(x), f is an odd function.
b. Use g(x) = 3x^4 – 2x^2
g(-x) = 3(-x)^4 – 2(-x)^2 replace x with –x

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 g(-x) = 3(-x) (-x) (-x) (-x) - 2(-x) (-x)
g(-x) = 3x^4 – 2x^2
The right-hand side of the equation of the given function, g(x) = 3x^4 – 2x^2, did not
change when x was replaced by – x. Since g(-x) = g(x), g is an even function.

Lesson 1.3

Operation on Function
Objective:
At the end of the lesson, you should able to:
a. perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and composition of
functions.

Getting Ready
Entry Card
Perform the indicated operation
a. (4x + 3) + (3x – 2) d. (x^2 – 5x + 2) (3x + 1)
b. (2x^2 - 3x – 2) – (4x^2 - 5x – 3) e. (square root of 3 + x) (square root of 3 – x)
c. (2 - 3x) (x + 4) f. (2x^2 – 9x – 35) ÷ (2x + 5)

Answer here.

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Starting Point
Addition and Subtraction of Polynomials
To add two polynomials, write the sum and simplify by combining like terms.
To subtract an expression from another expression, add it’s negative.
That is a – b = a + (-b)

To add 3x + 4 and 7x – 8, we have:

(3x + 4) + (7x – 8) = (3x + 4) + (7x – 8)
= (3 + 7)x + (4 – 8)
= 10x – 4
To subtract 7x + 2 from 5x + 4, we have:
(5x + 4) – (7x + 2) = (5x + 4) – (7x + 2)
= (5x - 7x) – (4 - 2)
= -2x + 2
Multiplication of Polynomials
When multiplying monomials, you will often use the following laws of exponents.

Laws of Exponents
Rule:
1. Product rule for Exponents: x^m ⦁ x^m n
To multiply powers having the same base, keep the base and add the exponents.
2. Power Rule for Exponents: (x^m)^n = x^mn
To find the power of a power of a base, keep the base and multiply the
exponents.
3. Power of a Product Rule: (xy)^n = x^m x^n
To find the power of a product, find the power of each factor and then multiply
the resulting powers.

To simplify ( x 2 y 3 ¿( x 4 y 5 ), use the product for exponents for each base to get
x 2+4 ⦁ y 3∨x 6 y 8
To simplify (m¿¿ 3)2 m7 ¿, apply the power and product rules for exponents to get
m 3 ⦁2 , m7=m6 ⦁ m7 =m6+7 =m13.
Rule:
To multiply a polynomial by a monomial, multiply each term of the polynomial by
the monomial.

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 To find the product of 5x and x + 4, we have:
5x(x + 4) = 5x(x) + 5x(4)
= 5x^2 + 20x
The FOIL Method (First, Out, In, Last)
Rule:
(a + b)(c + d) = ac + ad + bc + bd
First multiply (a )(c ) = ac
Second multiply (a)(d)= ad
Third multiply (b)(c)= bc
Last multiply (b)(d)= bd

To find the product of x + 3 and x + 5 using the FOIL method, we have:

(x + 3)(x + 5) = x 2+ 5x + 3x + 15 = x 2 + 8x + 15

(x)(x)= x 2

(x)(5)= 5x since 5x and 3x are like terms add the terms and the result is 8x
(3)(x)= 3x
(3)(5)= 15

Special Product
Square of Binomial

( x + y )2 =x2 +2 xy + y 2
( x− y )2=x 2−2 xy+ y 2
In words, the Square of a Binomial is the square of the first term plus (or minus)
twice the product of the two term plus the square of the last term.
When you use these special product patterns, remember that x and y can be
numbers, variables, or even algebraic expressions.

Trinomial of the form x 2+ 2 xy + y 2 ¿ x2−2 xy + y 2 are called perfect square trinomials

because each is the result after squaring a binomial.
To get the square of a + 7, we have:

(a+ 7)2 = a 2 + 2(a)(7) + 72 = a 2 + 14a + 49

Square of first Twice the product Square of last

Cube of a Binomial

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Rule:

( x + y )3=x 3+ 3 x 2 y +3 x 2 y + y 3
( x− y )3=x 3−3 x 2 y +3 x 2 y − y 3
To cube 2x + 5, or (2x + 5 ¿ ¿3, we do as follows:

First term: the cube of 2x = 8 x 3

Second term: three times the product of (2 x ¿ ¿ 2 and 5 = 3(2 x ¿ ¿ 2(5) = 60 x 2

Third term: three times the product of 2x and (5)2 = 3(2x)(25) = 150x

Fourth term: the cube of 5 = 125

So, (2x + 5 ¿ ¿3 =8 x 3 + 60 x 2+ 150x + 125.

Product of Sum and Difference

(x + y) (x + y) = x 2− y 2

To perform (4t + 9)(4t -9), we have:

Here x = 4t and y = 9. Thus,

(4t + 9)(4t -9) = (4t ¿ ¿ 2- (9)2

= 16t 2- 81.

Square of a Trinomial
Rule:

First term Second Term Third Term

Square for the first term = x 2

Square of the second term = y 2

Square of the third term = z 2

Twice the product of first term and second term = 2xy

Twice the product of first and third term = 2xz
Twice the product of the second term and the third term = 2yz

Division of Monomials
Rule:

9|General Mathematics
 For every positive integer m and n, and x ≠ 0:

xm m −n xm 1 xm
=x , when m > n; = , when m<n ; = x 0∨1, when m = n.
xn x n x n−m xn
Applying the Division Rules for Exponents

x5 4
5−2 3a 1 1 m3
=x =x = = =1
x2 a 6 a6−4 a 2 m 3

Sum, Difference, Product, Quotient of Functions

Let f and g be any two functions.

f
The sum f + g, difference f – g, product fg, and quotient are function whose
g
domains are the set of all real numbers common to the domain of f and g, and defined as
follows:
1. Sum: (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x) 3. Product: (fg)(x)= f(x) ⦁ g(x)
f f (x )
2. Difference: (f-g)(x) = f(x) – g(x) 4. Quotient: (x) = , where g(x) ≠ 0.
g g ( x)

Example

If f(x) = 3x – 2 and g(x) = x 2+ 2x – 3, find:

f
a. (f + g) b. (f – g)(x) c. (fg)(x) d. (x)
g
Determine the domain of each function.
Solution
a. (f + g) (x) = f(x) + g(x) definition of sum of functions.

= (3x – 2) + ( x 2+ 2x – 3) add f(x) and f (x).

= x 2+ 5x – 5 combine like terms.

b. (f - g) (x) = f(x) - g(x) definition of the difference of functions.

= (3x – 2) - ( x 2+ 2x – 3) subtract g(x) from f(x).
= 3x – 2 - x 2- 2x + 3 perform the subtraction.
= - x 2+ x + 1 combine like terms.

c. (fg) (x) = (3x – 2)( x 2+ 2x – 3) definition of product of function.

2 2
= 3x( x + 2x – 3) – 2( x + 2x – 3) apply distributive property.
= 3 x 3+ 6 x 2−9 x −2 x 2−4 x+ 6 apply distributive property.
=3 x 3+ 4 x 2−13 x+ 6 combine like terms.

10 | G e n e r a l M a t h e m a t i c s
 f 3 x−2 3 x−2 f
d. ()g
(x) = 2
x +2 x−3
=
( x+3 ) (x−3)
The domain of is the set of all real numbers
g
except -3 and 1: {x ⎸x ≠ - 3 and x ≠ 1}.

The Composition of Functions

The composition of the function f with g is donated by f ⦁ g and is defined by the equation:
(f ⦁ g)(x) = f(g(x))
The domain of the composition function f ⦁ g is the set of all x such that
1. x is in the domain of g; and
2. g(x) is in the domain of f.

Given f(x) = 4x – 5 and g(x) = x 2+ 4 , find:

a. (f⦁g) (x) b. (g ⦁ f) (x)

Solution
a. Because (f⦁g) (x) means f(g(x)), we must replace each accurance of x in the function f
by g(x).

f(x)= 4x – 5 given equation for f.

(f⦁g) (x) = f(g(x)) = 4(g(x)) – 5 replace x by g(x).
= 4( x 2+ 4) – 5 replace g(x) by x 2 + 4.
= 4 x 2+ 16 – 5 apply distribution law.
2
= 4 x + 11 combine like terms.

Thus, (f⦁g) (x) = 4 x 2 + 11.

b. (g ⦁ f) (x) means g(f(x)). Hence, we must replace each occurrence of x in the function
f by g(x).

g(x)= x 2 + 4 given equation for g.

(g⦁f) (x) = g(f(x)) = (f(x)¿2 + 4 replace x by f(x).
= (4 x−5 ¿ ¿2 + 4 replace f(x) by 4x -5.
= 16 x 2 - 40x + 25 + 4 square binomial.
= 16 x 2 - 40x + 29 simplify.

Thus, (g ⦁ f) (x)= 16 x 2 - 40x + 29. Notice that (f⦁g) (x) is not the same as g(f(x)).

There are cases when you need to use the output from one function as the input to
another in order that two functional processes are applied in succession.

11 | G e n e r a l M a t h e m a t i c s
Evaluation Time

Name: ___________________________________________Score: __________

Course: _________________________________________________Date: ____________

Instructor: ______________________________________________

Vocabulary and Concepts

Determine whether or not each statement is True or False. Explain your answer.
1. If f(x) = x – 3 and g (x) = x + 4, then (f - g)(x) = -7.
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f
2. If f(x) = x + 6 and g (x) = 3x, then ( )(3) = 1.
g
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3. If f(x) = 4x – 12 and g (x) = x - 3, then (f + g)(2) = -5.
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4. If f(x) = x + 3 and g (x) = 4x, then (f ⦁ g)(2) = 40.
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5. If f(x) = 3x + 2 and g (x) = 4x – 1, then (f - g)(-3) = 6.
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Writing
If the equations of two functions are given, explain how to determine the quotient,
function and its domain.
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12 | G e n e r a l M a t h e m a t i c s
 __________________________________________________________________________________
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How do we perform the basic operations with function?
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Describe how to find (f ⦁ g) (x).

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Enrichment
Formula: n = 60a – 900
Complete the table using the given formula and graph.
a 20 25 30 35 40 50
n

Fill in the missing number represented by (?) in each given function.

1. f(x) = 12 – 7x
a. f(2) = 12 – 7(__)
b. f(-x) = 12 – 7(__)
c. f(3) = 12 – 7(__)
d. f(1 + b) = 12 – 7(__)

13 | G e n e r a l M a t h e m a t i c s
 2. G(x) = 2 x 2-3
a. G(2) = 2(__)-3
b. G(3x) = 2(__)-3
2
c. G( ) = 2(__)-3
3
d. G(-7) = 2(__)-3
e. G(-7-8) = 2(__)-3
What do you like most about our topic for this module? And why?
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For more queries don’t hesitate to ask questions regarding about the subject via F.B. Acc.:

INSTRUCTOR’S INFORMATION: INSTRUCTOR’S INFORMATION:

KAYE ANN A. DEMPO SAYREN BACALI FRANCISCO
MOBILE NO: 09102609673 MOBILE NO: 09128198522
FB ACCOUNT: KHIAN DEMPO III FB ACCOUNT: SAYREN BACALI FRANCISCO
GMAIL ACCOUNT:DEMPOENNA15@GMAIL.COM GMAIL ACCOUNT: SAYFRA14@GMAIL.COM

CLASS: CLASS:
AS 11 A & B, CSS 11 A & B, EIM A & B, SMAW ABM 11 A & B, HUMSS 11 A, B, C, D, & E,
11 A & B STEM A & B, CSS 12 A & B

Date of Submission: September 14, 2020

Reference: Rex Book store, general mathematics by Orlando A. Oronce

End of Module 2.

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