PPT1 - Intro To Function

Representation of Functions
Lesson Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students must be able to:
• define functions and related terms;
• determine if the given relation represents a
function;
• define piece-wise function; and
• represents real-life situations using functions,
including piece-wise functions.
1
Relation
A relation is a set of ordered pairs. The domain of a
relation is the set of first coordinates. The range is the set
of second coordinates.
Example of Relations
1. {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 8)}
2. {(4, 2), (4, -2), (9, 3), (9,3)}
3. {(1, a), (1, b), (1, c), (1,d)}
2
Functions
A function is a relation in which each element of the
domain corresponds to exactly one element of the
range.
Examples of Functions
1. {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 8)}
2. {(2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5,1)}
Activity 1 3
Determine if the following relations represent a function.
1. {(q, 0), (w, 1), (e, 2), (t, 3)}
2. {(-1, -2), (0, -2), (1, -2), (2, -2)}
3. {(1, 0), (1,1), (1, 2), (1, -2)}
4. {(x, 3), (y, 4), (z, 3), (w, 4)}
5. {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 8)}
6. {(4, 2), (4, -2), (9, 3), (9,3)}
7. {(1, a), (1, b), (1, c), (1,d)}
4
Some Types of Functions
Linear Function
A function f is a linear function if f(x) = mx + b, where m
and b are real numbers, and m and f(x) are not both equal
to zero.
Quadratic Function
A quadratic function is any equation of the form f(x) =
ax2+ bx + c where a, b, and c are real numbers and a ≠ 0.
5
Constant Function
A linear function f is a constant function if f(x) = mx + b,
where m = 0 and b is any real number. Thus, f(x) = b.
Identity Function
A linear function f is an identity function if f(x) = mx + b,
where m = 1 and b = 0. Thus, f(x) = x.
6
Absolute Value Function
The function f is an absolute value function if for all real
numbers x,
f(x) = x, for x ≥ 0
–x, for x ≤ 0
Piecewise Function
A piecewise function or a compound function is a function
defined by multiple sub-functions, where each sub-function
applies to a certain interval of the main function's domain.
7
Example 2
To sell more T-shirts, the class needs to charge a lower
price as indicated in the following table:
The price for which you can sell x printed T-shirts is called
the price function p(x). p(x) represents each data point in
the table.
8
Solution to Example 2
Step 1:
Find the slope m of the line using the slope formula m = y2 – y1 / x2 – x1
Step 2:
Write the linear equation with two variables by substituting the values of m and (x1, y1)
to the formula y – y1 = m(x – x1)—the point-slope form of a linear equation.
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – 540 = −0.2(x − 500)
y – 540 = − 0.2 x + 100
y = − 0.2x + 640
y = 640 – 0.2x
Thus, the price function is p(x) = 640 – 0.2x.

9
Example 3
Find the dimensions of the largest rectangular garden
that can be enclosed by 60 m of fencing.
10
Let x and y denote the lengths of the sides of the garden. Then the area A = xy
must be given its maximum value.
Express A in terms of a single variable, either x or y. The total perimeter is 60

meters.
2x + 2y = 60
x + y = 30
y = 30 – x
Hence,
A = xy
A = x(30 – x)
A= 30x – x2
11
Write this equation in the vertex form by completing the square.
A = –(x2 – 30x + 225) + 225

A = –(x – 15)2 + 225
The maximum area is 225 square meters.

Since x = 15 (the width) and 30 – x = 15 (the length), the dimension
that gives the maximum area is 15 meters by 15 meters.
Example 4
Sketch the graph of the given piecewise function.
What is f(– 4)? What is f(2)?
f(x) = x + 2, if x ≥ 0
–x2+ 2, if x < 0
To the right of the y-axis, the graph is a line that has
a slope of 1 and y-intercept of 2. To the left of the y-
axis, the graph of the function is a parabola that
opens downward and whose vertex is (0, 2).
To sketch the graph of the function, you can
lightly draw both graphs. Then darken the
portion of the graph that represents the
function.
To find the value of the function when x = – 4, use the
second equation.
f(– 4) = – (– 4)2+ 2 = – 16 + 2 = – 14
To find the value of the function when x = 2, use the first

equation.
f(2) = 2 + 2 = 4
Exercise A
Determine whether or not each relation is a function.
Give the domain and range of each relation.
1. {(2, 3), (4, 5), (6, 6)}

2. {(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3)}
3. {(6, 7), (6, 8), (7, 7), (7, 8)}
Tell whether the function described in each of the following is a
linear function, quadratic, a constant function, an identity
function, an absolute value function, ora piecewise function.
1. f(x) = 3x − 7
2. g(x) = 12
3. f(x) = 3, if x > −5
-6, if x < −5
4. f(x)= –x2+ 2
5. f(x)= |2x+5|
Exercise B
Tell whether the function described in each of the
following is a linear function, a constant function, an
identity function, an absolute value function, or a
piecewise function.
4. 5.
Exercise B
piecewise function.
6. 7. 8.
Exercise B
piecewise function.
9. 10.
Exercise C
A zumba instructor charges according to the number of
participants. If there are 15 participants or below, the instructor
charges ₱500.00 for each participant per month. If the number
of participants is between 15 and 30, he charges ₱400.00 for
each participant per month. If there are 30 participants or more,
he charges ₱350.00 for each participant per month.
1. Write the piecewise function that describes what the

instructor charges.
2. Graph the function.

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Representation of Functions

Thus, the price function is p(x) = 640 – 0.2x.

Express A in terms of a single variable, either x or y. The total perimeter is 60

A = –(x2 – 30x + 225) + 225

The maximum area is 225 square meters.

To find the value of the function when x = 2, use the first

1. {(2, 3), (4, 5), (6, 6)}

1. Write the piecewise function that describes what the

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