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Unit-II Bio Signal Characteristics and Electrode Configurations

This document discusses various types of bioelectric signals measured from the body including electrocardiography (ECG), electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), and electrooculography (EOG). It provides the typical frequency ranges, amplitude ranges, and electrode types used for each signal. ECG measures heart activity from 0.05 to 120 Hz and 1-5 microvolts using surface electrodes. EEG measures brain signals from 0.1 to 100 Hz and 2 to 200 microvolts using scalp electrodes. EMG measures muscle movement from 5 to 2000 Hz and 0.1 to 5 microvolts using needle or adhesive electrodes. The document also discusses standard electrode placements and applications of the different bio

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priya dharshini
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175 views

Unit-II Bio Signal Characteristics and Electrode Configurations

This document discusses various types of bioelectric signals measured from the body including electrocardiography (ECG), electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), and electrooculography (EOG). It provides the typical frequency ranges, amplitude ranges, and electrode types used for each signal. ECG measures heart activity from 0.05 to 120 Hz and 1-5 microvolts using surface electrodes. EEG measures brain signals from 0.1 to 100 Hz and 2 to 200 microvolts using scalp electrodes. EMG measures muscle movement from 5 to 2000 Hz and 0.1 to 5 microvolts using needle or adhesive electrodes. The document also discusses standard electrode placements and applications of the different bio

Uploaded by

priya dharshini
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit-II Bio Signal Characteristics

and Electrode configurations

Prepared By
Dr.K.HelenPrabha, HOD/ECE
Mr.P.Arul, Assistant Professor
Types of Bio electric signals
ECG Electro-Cardiogram- Heart activity

EEG Electro-Encephalogram- Brain Signals


EMG Electro-Myogram - Muscle movement
EOG Electro-Oculogram - Eye movement
GSR Galvanic Skin Response

● Measured with electrodes:


skin-electrode interface: Ions <--> Electrodes

Breathing, temperature, movement etc.


● Measured with other sensors / transducers:
Primary Characteristics of Bio electric signals

Parameter Frequency range Amplitude Type of


Electrode
Electrocardiogrpahy 0.05 to 120 Hz 0.1 to 5µV Surface
(ECG) 1µV
Electroencephalography 0.1 to 100 Hz 2 to 200µV Scalp
(EEG) 50µV
Electromyography 5 to 2000 Hz 0.1 to 5µV Needle
(EMG)
Electroretinography Dc to 20Hz 0.5 to 1µV Contact
(ERG)
Electro-oculography Dc to 100 Hz 10 to Contact
(EOG) 3500µV
ECG – Electrocardiogram
Standardised electrode positions

1. Bipolar limb leads(or) standard leads

2. Augmented unipolar limb leads

3. Chest leads(or) precordial leads

4. Frank lead system(or) corrected


orthogonal leads
Augmented voltage
aVR = -VI - VIII / 2

aVL = VI - VII / 2

aVR = VII - VI / 2
ECG: Heart- vector, QRS Complex
ECG - applications

● Diagnostics
● Functional analysis
● Implants (pace maker)
● Biofeedback (Heartrate variability, HRV)
● Peak Performacne Training, Monitoring
EMG - Electromyogram
EMG surface (glue-) electrodes EMG - signal (up to 3mV, 1kHz)
EMG electrodes EMG electrodes
(passive) (active)
EMG electrodes
(active)
Recording locations for facial EMG
Needle electrodes adhesive electrode
EMG activity: averaging absolute vaues
EMG - applications

● Rehabilitation
● Functional analysis
● active Prothetics, Orthesis
● Biomechanics, Sports medicine
EEG - Electroencephalogram
EEG Electrode – cap locations of
the 10/20 system
Unipolar measurement
( indifferential right ear
electrode )

Bipolar measurement
EEG, dominant frequencies, < 300 uV
EEG, Alpha bursts when eyes closed,
alpha desynchronisation when eyes opened
EEG - applications

● Diagnostics (Epilepsy, Oncology, ..)


● Cognitive Sciences
● Sleep Analysis
● Human Computer Interfaces (BCIs)
● Pharmacology
● Intensive Care, Monitoring
Summary bioelectric signals

Frequency Amplitude (mV)

ECG 0,2 – 300 0,1 - 3


EEG DC – 100 0,005 - 0,2
EEG (cortical) 10 – 100 0,015 - 0,3
EMG 10 – 1000 0,1 - 5
EMG (needle) 10 – 10000 0,05 - 5
EOG 0 – 30 0,1 - 2

Intracell. 0 – 10000 50 .. 130


Video Links:

EEG 10-20 Electrode System:


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YfjRhoC2V0E

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