Performance, Efficiency and Comfort

Front cover image © Photograph by Shirana Shahbazi

Contents
The framework for lighting, people and places

Introduction to PEC 4

Performance 6

Efficiency 8

Comfort 10

PEC for the Office 12

PEC for Healthcare 18

PEC for Education 22

PEC for Industry 26

PEC for Supermarket and Hypermarket 30

PEC for Roads and Tunnel 36

PEC for Urban 42

PEC for Sports 48

Lighting tools 52

Glossary 54


 the framework for lighting, people and places

PEC
Delivering better lighting, better efficiency,
and a better environment, sustainably.

PEC – Performance, Efficiency, A flexible tool Real benefits

Comfort – is the dynamic, PEC enables customers to break The best way to appreciate
results-orientated programme free from the constraints of and evaluate PEC is to see it in
that underpins the Thorn traditional lighting design. In the action. This brochure illustrates
approach to lighting design and office, for example, it enables the benefits of the programme
implementation. PEC reconciles employers to create an employee- and the viable, reliable,
the need for low direct and centric environment that can be economic and sustainable results
environmental costs with the need implemented cost-effectively to it delivers.
to deliver workplace and public deliver the benefits of higher
PEC application areas
lighting that promotes efficiency, morale and productivity, reduced
PEC is an integral element of the
safety, a healthy environment absenteeism and improved
Thorn approach to:
and productivity. With statutory staff retention. PEC works
and environmental pressures equally flexibly in any lighting • Office lighting
increasing, PEC offers Thorn application, from a small office
• Education lighting
customers the ability to provide or schoolroom to a major office
optimum lighting solutions development, road or football • Industry lighting
for people and places while pitch. Each time, the balance
• Healthcare lighting
conserving energy, cash and raw between the three components
materials. of PEC will be different, while • Supermarket and Hypermarket
the underlying concept ensures a lighting
Getting the priorities right
consistent, high-quality and cost-
PEC enables Thorn to use • Road and Tunnel lighting
effective outcome.
standard lighting components
• Urban lighting
to create tailor-made and Performance and efficiency
environmentally sensitive lighting criteria can be quantified and • Sports lighting
that addresses the unique the solutions engineered to
needs of every site, user and conform to requirements or
application. The programme recommended targets. Comfort
is based on the principle criteria are subjective and
that Performance, Efficiency influenced by psychology of
and Comfort determine the lighting and the solutions are
effectiveness of lighting, its prepared to design rules and
impact on the people using it, creative experience.
and its impact on the natural
At the heart of PEC is the
environment. Because no two
company’s Design Philosophy.
projects and locations are the
Design includes the need for the
same, each requires a different
luminaires, whether switched
balance between the three
on or not, to have a perfect
components.
appearance and architectural
integration. The philosophy
also embraces scheme
presentation and the quality
of information provided.
PEC can equally be applied to
products, for the luminaire plays
an important role in providing
the right light on the right place
at the right time.



 the framework for lighting, people and places

Performance
Delivering the required visual
effectiveness.

The ‘Performance’ component In a typical project Performance

of PEC addresses the ability of delivers productivity
designers and users to define improvements in areas such as:
the desired visual effectiveness
• task visibility – reveals
of a project and to measure the
task details in the required
performance of the completed
directions
installation.
• contrast – well discriminating,
As part of the PEC programme
enhances detection, reveals
Performance may be the lead
shadows and texture
priority or one of the supporting
variables, depending on the • modelling – enhances human
profile of each project. It helps features and reveals patterns in
planners to determine optimum objects
levels of visual conditions for
• colour – shows more
effective performance. Once
information and coloured
these parameters are established,
details
the best choice of luminaire,
technology and location can be • glare free – limits unwanted
established. brightness or bright images in
the field of view




the framework for lighting, people and places

Efficiency
Delivering optimum lighting
performance with the best use
of energy and minimal stray
emissions.

The ‘Efficiency’ component of Performance of Buildings (EPB)

PEC addresses the efficient directive. A common lighting
use of energy in all its forms performance indicator is given
as well as broader concerns in the proposed new European
such as sustainability and the Standard prEN 15193 entitled
quality of the built and natural “Energy performance of buildings
environments. – energy requirements for
lighting”, being the consumption
It applies throughout the supply
in kilowatt hours per square
chain, from the manufacture of
metre per annum (Lighting Energy
Thorn luminaires and controls
Numeric Indicator or LENI). This
to their deployment on site.
measure will be recorded within
For example, an application
the building’s energy certificate.
that reduces direct energy
consumption may nevertheless In a typical project Efficiency
fail to satisfy the demands takes into account issues such as:
of this PEC component if
• Effective – sustainable and
stray light is emitted into
economic factors, including
surrounding neighbourhoods.
whole life costs
Ease of installation, control and
maintenance is also fundamental • Efficient – the optimum use of
to this aspect of the programme. energy thereby reducing CO²
emissions and the elimination
The general relationship between
of obtrusive light and waste
energy effectiveness and cost
effectiveness requires lighting • Managed – provides
installations to use energy controllable, with the ability to
efficiently. Therefore both existing vary light levels; lighting linked
installations and proposed to daylight and occupancy
designs need to be appraised
• Practical – is easy to install,
in a manner which determines
service and maintain
energy effectiveness. Many
countries now have their own
energy-efficiency standards,
regulations and ordinances.
Indeed all EU member states
have incorporated the Energy


 the framework for lighting, people and places

Comfort
Providing satisfaction and
stimulation in every lighting
application, exterior and interior.

The ‘Comfort’ component of PEC • Safe – providing an assured

addresses the physiological and environment which meets
psychological needs of people in regulations, even in an
places. It is a more subconscious emergency
factor relating to the ability to
• Health – awake, aroused,
give people satisfaction and
circadian cycle driven light
stimulation in all areas such as
the workplace, town centre or • Ambience – welcoming light
leisure facility. that is easily adapted to the
brightness pattern
An application where Comfort
is given its full weight is likely • Ergonomic – stress free and
to see benefits beyond physical accommodating (including
lighting. Visitors and occupants transition zones for exteriors)
can experience heightened levels
• Interest – variable with variety
of concentration and creativity as
of visual patterns
well as general satisfaction and
a feeling of safety. Health issues • Flow of light – creating ‘feel of
arising from seasonal changes light’ movement
in natural light may also benefit
• Colourful – a natural
while, in outdoor applications,
appearance and balanced
the emotional impact of dramatic
colours
lighting can be highly stimulating
and rewarding. • Relaxing – effective glare free
light with glitter and sparkle
In a typical project, attention to
Comfort is likely to see benefits • Integrated – improved
such as: aesthetics meeting architectural
expectations by night and day
• Atmosphere – setting the right
tone of the lit area or space
• Stimulation – inspiring
creativity and activity
• Satisfaction – improving
productivity and fulfilling user
expectations

10
11
 Office
Improving the working conditions of the office environment
for employers, employees and the local community.

The application of PEC to office PEC profile – Performance • Managed. Modern control • Ambience. In addition to
lighting enables design solutions • Task visibility. For an office systems offer daylight linking, providing sufficient light for
to be developed that improve situation illuminance should be absence detection and light tasks to be carried out, the
efficiency and comfort at work. established to ensure adequate blend control. occupants must also feel that
With PEC, lighting schemes can revealing capability, typically there is enough light. In basic
• Practical. The lighting system
be created that give staff the reading a document on a terms, the higher the average
must be easy to install and
ability to process paper-based desktop. level of surround illuminance,
maintain, with attention to the
and computer-based tasks more the brighter the room will
• Contrast. Contrast is desirable replacement of failed lamps,
comfortably, promote effective appear.
for well discriminating lighting rectifying equipment faults and
personal communications,
that enhances detection cleaning surfaces. • Relaxing. The avoidance of
and provide a safer working
glare is important to achieve
environment. • Glare free. Lighting designs Comfort
a lively interior, good visual
should eliminate unwanted • Atmosphere. The lighting
Good lighting design with PEC comfort and fatigue free
stray light in order to ensure no must help to create the right
goes beyond adherence to the working.
reduction in the effectiveness appearance, atmosphere
lighting requirements of National
of the illuminance. A high CRF and sense of comfort. An • Ergonomic arrangements.
and European health and safety
(Contrast Rendering Factor) attractively lit office gives The lighting system must be
legislation. Comfortable, safe
figure is desirable. people a greater sense of designed to suit the needs
working conditions have been
welfare and they are likely to of the users and the tasks
shown to minimise health risks, • Colour. Good colour rendering
perform better through greater performed.
repetitive strain injury, stress lamps enhance both performance
satisfaction and stimulation.
and eye fatigue. They can also and visual clarity (The Ra should • Flicker. A high percentage of
Research has shown that
reduce the incidence of clerical not be less than 80). office workers may experience
people prefer a space to
and administrative errors. some degree of discomfort
• Modelling. Improving eye appear ‘Visually Light’ and
resulting from flicker. This can
PEC enables designers to focus to eye and face to face ‘Visually Interesting’.
be avoided by operating the
on all the relevant personal and communication.
• Health. Algorithmic variations lamps at high frequency. It
environmental factors that affect
Efficiency in illuminance and colour has the added advantage of
employees, thereby promoting
• Effective. With the lighting temperature of the light improving energy efficiency.
reduced absenteeism, lower
systems’ capital cost needing employed impacts on the
levels of staff turnover, increased • Integrated. The lighting solution
to be balanced against the perception of a space and
productivity and lower costs. provides the aesthetics and
operating costs, it is important wellness.
architectural appearance
to adopt a life cycle costing
expected. Emergency lighting
approach.
will be required in most parts
• Energy utilisation. The essential of an office and can be
need here is for efficient integrated with the general
and effective luminance that lighting.
provides the right light when
required.

12
13
 Transforming the office
environment
If you want to know what the building of tomorrow will look like,
then The Royal Bank of Scotland’s (RBS) Gogarburn campus,
outside Edinburgh is a good place to start. This distinctive two-
storey building, with six 'business houses' arranged around
a central 280m internal street, houses world-class office
accommodation for 3,250 of the bank’s staff and was required
as the bank has been growing so strongly. Outstanding lighting
feature of the scheme is the use of chilled beam luminaries.

Performance Efficiency
With chilled technology putting Efficient lighting was a
space pressure on the size requirement of RBS in its
of the luminaires, specially aim to provide a first class
designed fluorescent units working environment and
employing 1 x 35W T16 the building has been
lamps and low brightness awarded a coveted UK
louvres were neatly mounted ‘BREEAM’ (Building Research
continuously along both Establishment Environmental
sides of the chilled beams. Assessment Method) excellent
The lighting, which is in rating for energy efficiency. A
constant use within the open lighting control system leads to
plan offices, is pleasantly further economies. Flying leads
subdued with no glare and and plugs were used for easy
is engineered to provide a installation on site.
uniform light spread across
Comfort
the bespoke barrel ceiling,
The chilled beam lighting
which provides the scheme
balances up, side and down
with its most striking interior
lighting to illuminate the
motif. The design objectives
task, walls and ceiling, thus
were fully met in terms of
creating visual interest in
good vertical and horizontal
the wider space. The result
illuminance with very good
is a more uplifting and
colour discrimination (class
stimulating atmosphere which
1B). The harmonious, glare-
can increase comfort and
free lighting system, imperative
satisfaction and even reduce
for VDU operation, has a
absenteeism. The use of T16
good CRF for visibility of detail
lamps yields a number of
within tasks. The flow of light
benefits, mainly the complete
created through the windows
absence of flicker, and hence
enhances the modelling of the
discomfort, headaches and eye
space while the indirect/direct
strain.
artificial light within supports
good facial modelling. Design
The luminaires integrate with
the ceiling beam giving a tidy
appearance to the offices.

Scheme Associates: Scotland's biggest office development was designed by

Michael Laird Associates and engineering design was undertaken by WSP working
in partnership with project and construction manager MACE Ltd. Trox were
responsible for the chilled beams.

14
15
 Communication and
colour for banking
headquarters
The recently opened Westpac Place in Sydney is one of the most
modern corporate headquarters in Australia – not least in its main
lighting. More than 8,500 recessed fluorescent luminaires illuminate
the 53 floors of themed office areas, providing a refreshing
environment for the Westpac Banking Corporation’s 5,000 employees.
The building has been designed to bring about a change in office
culture by creating a more interactive working environment. Fixed
office concepts have been replaced by adopting a dynamic 'city
within a city' approach. Strong markers, such as light, colour, textiles,
furniture and graphical numbering denote work and circulation areas,
promote social interaction and encourage informal meetings.

Performance Comfort
High quality control of the light Good visual effectiveness helps
distribution was required to people to concentrate better and
ensure good viewing conditions. work more effectively. The high
The CAD designed modular Ra lamps combine low lumen
luminaires provide a high light depreciation with flicker free
output with low glare at 2.7m high frequency control gear to
spacings. Using T16 lamps give good light quality and good
to achieve excellent colour colour appearance enhancing
rendering with an LOR of 77 face-to-face communication. The
per cent, the scheme achieves distributed light output enhances
excellent visual performance. Its the colour patterns.
high-contrast rendering (CRF) also
Design
minimises unwanted reflections
The luminaires are made as
– perfect for use with PCs.
small as possible, limiting
Efficiency intrusion into the office while
In order to meet high creating a comfortable working
environmental standards the environment.
compact luminaires had to be
cost effective The computer
designed optical system,
optimised for the T16 lamp,
takes efficiency to a new level.
Furthermore, all luminaires
incorporate high frequency
dimmable ballasts, and are
controlled by lighting controls.

Scheme Associates: The building architect was Johnson, Pilton, Walker, and for tenancy
fitout, the interior design architects were Geyer Design and Hassall. Electrical consult-
ants and lighting designers were Webb Australia and installation was undertaken by
Stowe Australia. Photographer: Tyrone Branigan.

16
MenloSoft SR
With a single luminaire type, MenloSoft SR solves the problem
of lighting display screen areas while meeting recommendations
for ceiling and wall illuminance ratio. The semi-recessed modular
fluorescent has a suspended optic, designed to deliver an efficient light
output with excellent glare control. The slim butterfly-shaped optic has
either a central aluminium louvre or diffuser and can house lamps of
different colour temperatures.

Performance Comfort
A LOR of over 60 per cent. The upward light component
Direct/indirect light output gives provides surround illuminance
good task illuminance
A dual lamp colour temperature
14W or 24W T16 lamps ensures option enables light to be
very good colour rendition adjusted to the changes of the
day. It has the potential to impact
The batwing distribution ensures
on human circadian (24-hour)
good illumination of task and
rhythms which can be maintained
people, enhancing faces and
enabling occupants to stay more
even video conferencing, plus
alert during the day
improving CRF
High frequency gear gives flicker
Efficiency
free light
Innovative optics, optimised for
T16 lamps reduces energy use A choice of louvre/diffuser
ensures glare free light
MiniSensa versions give
integrated light/presence control Semi-recessed, with air-handling
capabilities makes for good
45 luminaire lumens/circuit watt
architectural integration
saves on energy use

17
 Healthcare
Improving the caring environment for patients,
medical staff and the community.

The application of PEC to PEC profile – Performance Efficiency Comfort

hospital and healthcare lighting • Task visibility. Good task • Effective. Energy costs need • Satisfaction and stimulation.
helps managers to create lit illuminance enables medical to be taken into account at an Good lighting has a vital
environments within which their workers to perform their early stage so that they can be part to play in creating an
staff can deliver high quality, safe tasks and activities without kept at an acceptable level. atmosphere that is sympathetic
patient treatment in a caring, visual discomfort, using either The initial choice of lighting and stimulating towards
friendly and efficient way. task, localised or general should be made with low long- recovery.
lighting. Although many tasks term operating costs in mind.
Hospitals and healthcare • Ambience. The atmosphere
take place on the horizontal
buildings are complex because • Efficient and Managed. Since created by the lighting varies
plane, many have a vertical
of the diverse activities that hospitals function for 24 according to the parties
component as well, such as
take place within and around hours a day, 7 days a week, concerned. For those patients
wall-mounted equipment and
them, yet the PEC programme it is recommended that high in the operating theatre a
life support machines.
enables lighting schemes to efficacy lighting techniques are clinical atmosphere is vital.
Many patients find it difficult to
be provided for them all. The employed together with lighting For members of the public in
cope with extreme variations
lighting provided can satisfy the controls. To maximise lighting residential homes the aim is
of light. Therefore uniformity
requirements of both the patient energy efficiency the designer to provide a homely, caring
of illuminance is important, as
and the nursing staff throughout should optimise the use of appearance. The co-ordination
is sensible diversity between
the day and night delivering available natural daylight. of interior decor and lighting
adjoining areas if the task
improved health outcomes. The can create areas suitable
requirements differ. • Practical. In hospitals
PEC programme ensures that for recovery and relaxation.
The building or environment luminaires have to meet high
lighting can address all the Where appropriate the
should be designed in such a standards of hygiene and
issues related to performance, lighting should be controlled
way that all people, including safety. In particular they should
efficiency, health and comfort. by dimming or switching so
those with special lighting have the minimum area on
that the illuminance can be
needs or visual impairment, which dust may settle and be
adjusted to meet individual
can move around as easy to clean. Noise is an
needs.
independently and freely as important consideration and
they would like. fluorescent lamp luminaires • Safe. Emergency lighting will
should employ high frequency be required in most parts
• Contrast and Modelling.
electronic control gear. of a hospital or healthcare
Care should be taken to ensure
Also regular maintenance building. Standby lighting will
that contrast and modelling
is required - people can be be required in some areas
caters for close human contact.
seriously compromised by to enable essential activities
Likewise shadows caused by
being in a premises where to be carried out during an
natural or electric lighting must
lights do not work! emergency.
not give rise to concerns, such
as optical illusions. • Colourful. Colour temperature
should be 4000K unless
• Colour rendering. Lighting
it is specified for specific
should enable clinical quality
applications.
colour judgements to be made.
Lamps should have a minimum • Integrated. Lighting equipment
of Ra 80, consistent throughout should be selected to
the whole area, department or harmonise with the overall
hospital complex. architectural concept.
• Glare free. Glare can be a
problem, especially to patients
with impaired vision. The
adoption of good lighting
practise that gives due
consideration to disability glare
is always warranted.

18
19
 Healthy lighting
Designed by the architects PLOT, the new psychiatric hospital in
Elsinore (Helsingør), Denmark breaks with tradition, both in its
architecture and lighting
In terms of function, the star shaped building is divided in two main
areas: a ground floor for living and an upper level, which connects
with the existing hospital, for treatment. All the various parts of the
building merge together in the centre of the structure. The use of long
corridors and open communal rooms meets the need for supervision
without the patients being made to feel watched and shut in, whilst the
lighting supports the needs of all occupants.

Performance Comfort
The luminaires achieve even For architectural integration the
lighting with good colour architect chose oblong fittings
rendering, creating a bright, safe for the whole upper floor, which
environment for the patients and is characterised by numerous
staff. The patients’ apartments corridors in various directions.
have special functionality and These provide direction and
safety requirements. For instance follow the building’s movements.
built-in LED wall lights at skirting They are also adapted for
board level function as night- exterior use - standing upright,
lights. they function as a unique cross
between park lighting and low
Efficiency
bollards and make a strong link
To maximise lighting energy
between the internal and external
efficiency the architect has
environments. On the lower floor,
optimised the use of available
classic glass fittings are used to
daylight. The living area is
focus on the directionless and
landscaped into the hospital
openness of the large rooms.
grounds ensuring that there
The discreet LED’s help the
are green views from all the
patients feel secure. Overall, the
48 single rooms. All linear
lighting echoes the efforts of the
fluorescent luminaires employed
architecture to create a modern,
in the corridors, offices, treatment
functional hospital that radiates
rooms and central area use
anything but a sterile hospital
advanced optics with T16 lamps
atmosphere
to achieve low energy. The LED
lights consume even less power
and have a long operational
life – ideal for the long burning
hours. A lighting control system
operates.

20
Invincible II
The most appealing feature of the Invincible II range of modular sealed
luminaires is its low frame profile and lack of external fasteners,
which makes it delightfully easy to clean. It has an IP65 protection
classification (IP54 from above) and a “self regulating breather” which
prevents any air and moisture ingress in and around the seals.

Performance Efficiency Comfort

A choice of louvre or prismatic The range caters for T16 (14- Promotes a clean environment
diffuser ensures accurate lighting 54W) or TC-L (40-55W) lamps
The optic design gives glare
control and is available with integrated
free light while the use of high
emergency or digital dimmable
IP65 (below) / IP54 (above) frequency gear produces flicker
gear. The combination of
protection free light
sophisticated optics and high
A choice of fluorescent lamp efficacy light sources saves on A sleek recessed profile makes
type provides very good colour energy use. the luminaire inconspicuous
rendition within the ceiling
Maintenance is quick and
Glare-free output eliminates easy thanks to the front frame’s
distracting reflections on internal locking mechanism that is
equipment, such as monitors simply opened by a suction cup
Easy to wipe clean smooth,
aluminium frame

21
 Education
Improving the learning experience for children,
parents, teachers and the public interest.

The application of PEC to task detail and its background) and effectively. This reduces relevant to entrance halls,
lighting in the educational world are important in lighting primary energy use as well reception and circulation
enables authorities to create engineering for an object as CO2 emissions from power areas. Dimming may be a
lit environments within which or task to be resolved and stations. useful facility to set different
students and staff can carry distinguished. moods for the day and
• Managed. With suitable
out their activities easily and evening.
• Modelling. Moderately strong controls lighting can be used
comfortably, in attractive and
modelling is desirable for only when it is required, giving • Safe. Emergency lighting will
stimulating surroundings.
formal communication; weaker significant savings in energy be required in most parts of an
PEC enables architects and modelling for informal or close consumption. The intelligent educational building.
school managers to create an contact. positioning of switches may
• Interest. To create visual
optimum lighting installation encourage more frequent
• Colour rendering. Lighting interest it is necessary for the
using an integrated design switch-off of equipment.
should enable accurate colour light pattern to have some
approach. This holistic Extensive use of natural lighting
judgements to be made, illuminance variation which
approach considers all lighting can provide considerable
especially in art, science and creates attractive areas of light
requirements and objectives energy savings, and Thorn's
craft subjects. Lamps should and shade.
across the school, as well as the lighting controls can integrate
have a minimum Ra of 80.
different solutions that may be blind control. • Colourful. Different lamps
available. • Glare free. The experience of create different interiors.
• Practical. Physically luminaires
over-bright light sources, often Systems that deliver tones close
As part of this process, PEC need to be robust, not easily
linked with excessive contrast, to daylight give better colour
provides a structure which damaged and easy to
can lead to disability glare accuracy but may seem ‘cool’,
enables planners to consider all maintain.
occuring. Screen based tasks while other choices can create
requirements and constraints. The
are a good example, where Comfort a more ‘homely’ effect.
end result is the best possible
without attention an increase in • Satisfaction and stimulation. An
solution that addresses daily • Integrated. Lighting
ambient light levels can cause attractively lit interior will give
operational needs as well as equipment should be selected
disability glare and thus reduce people a greater sense of well-
budgetary constraints. The to harmonise with the
visual performance. being and they are likely to
PEC programme is flexible and architectural concept.
perform better through greater
modular, enabling the process Efficiency
satisfaction and stimulation. For
to be varied according to • Effective. Energy costs need
instance by treating an art or
the management style of the to be taken into account at
music room as more than just
sponsoring authority and the the design stage so that they
another classroom the lighting
culture of the school. can be kept at an acceptable
can contribute to providing an
level. The initial choice of
PEC profile inspiring atmosphere.
lighting should be made with
Performance
low long-term operating costs • Ambience. The illumination
• Task visibility. Task illuminance
in mind. This is particularly of all structural surfaces is
enables users to perform
important to a school or important and it is not always
tasks and activities, including
college as the people paying sufficient just to provide
detailed work, without visual
for the installation often differs adequate illuminance on
discomfort, using task lighting,
from those paying for the the working plane. The
localised lighting or general
operational costs. appearance of vertical
lighting.
surfaces contribute to an
• Efficient. Educational buildings
• Contrast. The laws of overall ambience for students
need to be designed so that
luminance contrast (between a and staff. This is particularly
energy is used efficiently

22
23
 An educated choice
Egå Gymnasium secondary school in Denmark, has been
designed to bring about a change in learning culture by placing
greater emphasis on individual study and project work.
An outstanding feature of the building is its large circular atrium
– Denmark’s largest skylight – known as the Forum or common
room. A basic idea behind the building design is that each
room should have several functions, each supported by
appropriate lighting.
This demanding set of requirements was addressed using a
variety of solutions. In the Forum, for example, general lighting is
provided by large suspended pendants, augmented by dimmable
recessed wall lights (Mica S) and linear T5 luminaires to create
social and teaching zones within it.

Performance shown, teachers can dim it.

The versatile and flexible The solution caters not only for
lighting design combines standard teaching aids such as
task illuminance with good black/white boards, but also
uniformity. It ensures the right for student laptops and smart
amount of light for each boards.
student and task, across the full
Design
range of school activities.
Throughout the school,
Efficiency luminaires are adapted to
Great use is made of glass, the design of each space,
natural daylight and simple while the lighting pattern
but effective controls over accentuates the architecture,
lighting. Classroom illumination often combining circular and
can easily be adapted to any square shapes. Thus, the
activity, avoiding over-lighting sports hall, with its rough and
and saving energy. Overall rustic ambience, incorporates
consumption is reported at 6W unpainted luminaires, while
per square metre. lighting in the rectangular
classrooms is via square
Comfort
recessed modules with round
Lighting can influence
diffusers.
concentration, mood and
interaction. When a class
works in groups, teachers
can select a neutral working
light; when a film is to be

24
Optus IV
Whether surface or suspended, the Optus IV linear fluorescent
brings a visually striking, ultra-modern design feature to educational
and commercial premises. Its slender body, with concave profile,
can complement modern surroundings to a far greater degree than
standard fluorescents. Lighting performance, too, is impressive and
includes an asymmetric whiteboard option for classrooms.

Performance Efficiency Comfort

An LOR of 0.71 per cent. The The optical system with twin The upward light component
up and down light output gives 28W, 35W or 49W T16 provides surround illuminance
good task illuminance lamps gives high light output for
High frequency gear gives flicker
minimal energy consumption
T16 lamps ensure very good free light
colour rendition Integrated digital dimmable (DSI)
The suspended pendant design is
versions available
The batwing distribution models an ideal ergonomic arrangement
faces and improves CRF MiniSensa versions give light/ as the balanced indirect/direct
presence control light maximises productivity by
A choice of specular or semi-
reducing student and staff fatigue
specular louvre ensures glare
and discomfort
free light

25
 Industry
Improving productivity and safety in production,
treatment, manufacture, distribution and transport.

The application of PEC to PEC profile Efficiency Comfort

industrial lighting helps managers Performance • Atmosphere. The way in
• Effective. Through life costing
to ensure quick and accurate • Task visibility. The main which an industrial space
is a key ingredient. The latest
work, to promote the safety of criterion for industrial lighting. is illuminated can affect its
technology coupled with
employees, and to create a It is common for tasks to occur character and the appearance
efficient design, will do much
good visual environment. By on different planes, not just the of objects within it.
to strike the balance between
helping designers to develop horizontal and the space will
capital and running costs over • Satisfaction. Good industrial
environments which maintain benefit from greater lighting
time. lighting enables quick and
high levels of operation with uniformity on the task. Care is
accurate work thus fulfilling
fewer errors and incidents, PEC required to deal with possible • Efficient. Typically long burning
user expectations.
can help businesses to stay more shadows from obstructions. hours places the emphasis on
competitive and profitable. energy efficient equipment and • Safe. Quite clearly in hostile
• Contrast. It is important to
controls. and hazardous areas, the
Industrial tasks are many and manage the difference between
feeling of safety must never be
varied, and PEC enables lighting the amount of light falling on • Managed. A lighting control
ignored or mitigated.
schemes to be developed the shadow and brightly lit system must be designed and
for them all. Although many areas of the subject. managed to permit good • Health. Stroboscopic effects
operations take place on a control of energy use and can cause considerable
• Modelling. The direction of
production floor, some may have provide flexibility of use. discomfort and possibly
lighting is important for the
a vertical component as well danger. They can be
lighting of areas such as • Practical. Ease of access for
as a horizontal one, and some eliminated by specifying high
container parks or industrial routine maintenance should
applications may involve the use frequency lighting.
storage sites. The revealing always be considered when
of dangerous substances.
power of the light is essential designing an installation.
That is why illuminance on the to ensure visibility of texture Lamp replacement intervals,
task is the main criterion used and finishes of the materials lamp and luminaire cleaning
for industrial and technology being handled. intervals and room surface
lighting, whether it applies to cleaning intervals should also
• Colour. When people are
part of a workshop or a complete be considered. Excessive heat,
required to make accurate
factory floor or transport terminal. cold, vibration or a corrosive
colour judgements, appropriate
Although achieving this can be atmosphere can cause damage
light sources can be installed
complicated by the presence to the lighting system. In such
as required, for the complete
of large pieces of machinery, conditions, lighting equipment
installation or for areas such as
overhead lines conveyers, cranes has to be selected with great
inspection booths. For accurate
and pipework, PEC enables care. For all industries, a
colour judgements lamps of
designers to evolve flexible and hazard exists if people have
colour rendering index 90
cost-effective layouts that address to evacuate the building in
should be used.
all issues related to performance, darkness. Emergency lighting
productivity, health and safety. • Glare free. Attempts should be should be provided to allow
made to eliminate disability people to safely and quickly
glare and not to exceed the leave the building.
limiting glare index for lighting
installations.

26
27
 Speeding the
containers
Few container ports are as big as Port 2000 at Le Havre, France. In
Europe’s largest construction project for 30 years, this facility aims to
double its container trade with Asia and North America. As part of the
project, Thorn was asked to develop a lighting scheme that provided
high levels of safety and security while minimising stray light.
The solution was based on 200 Champion floodlights fitted with 1kW
high-pressure sodium lamps. This installation has banished the night,
giving clear, even illumination over the 4.2km long quayside and
500m wide container yard.

Performance Comfort
Operators of the giant quayside The Port 2000 installation
gantry cranes report no creates an excellent ambience - a
disturbing glare and the required workplace that feels ‘friendly’ as
lighting levels are met with well as optimising safety, security
reasonable colour rendering and and productivity. The lighting
avoid shadows and obstructions blends with its surrounds with
from the containers. virtually no obtrusive light. It has
been well received by managers
Efficiency
and employees.
The optical design of the
floodlights, optimised for high Design
pressure sodium lamps reduces The floods are installed on high
energy costs and minimises masts to avoid multiple columns,
the number of floodlights reduce clutter and enhance the
required. The site, at the mouth useful space.
of the Seine, is of particular
environmental significance and
obtrusive light has been kept to a
minimum thanks to the use of low-
glare asymmetrical optics.

Scheme Associates: Installation: Ineo, Photo: Eric Houri.

28
Concavia
Designed for high bay applications the Concavia range is suitable for
everything from retail and commercial premises to specialist heavy
industrial buildings. It combines the unique aesthetics required for
stores and malls with the robust construction necessary for production
areas and warehouses. The range consists of three different sized
families of luminaires – ‘S’ small, ‘L’ large and ‘XL’ extra large. A
number of features offer choice and flexibility, including a wide variety
of lamp types and wattages, various housings, reflectors, suspension
kits and attachments.

Performance High lumen per circuit watt

An LOR up to 95 per cent with packages use less energy
a choice of distribution that gives
The induction lamp option with
good task illuminance.
a long service lifetime (60,000
A choice of compact fluorescents hours) is ideal for applications
and metal halide lamps ensures where maintenance is very
excellent colour rendition difficult or costly.
The batwing distribution ensures The high IP rating versions extend
good glare control, uniformity the long maintenance cycles
of horizontal and vertical
Consistent tool-free installation
illuminance and wide spacing of
and assembly
luminaires. Versatility is enhanced
by direct/indirect reflector Comfort
options. Upward light component on
certain reflectors provides
The IP65 protection is ideal for
surround illuminance
tough industrial surroundings
Choice of striking reflectors
Efficiency
maintains a good architectural
A wide array of possible light
integration
sources, from 42W compact
fluorescents to 1kW high Elegant style and co-ordinated
pressure sodium, guarantees less sizes blend well with traditional
energy and modern classic buildings

29
 Supermarket and
Hypermarket
Improving the amenity benefit of the retail environment
for customers, owners and the community.

The application of PEC to retail PEC profile – Performance • Managed. Suitable lighting • Flow of light. The directional
lighting helps designers and • Task visibility. Directional controls giving significant qualities of the luminaires
operators to attract the customer, lighting reveals form and savings in energy consumption employed plays an important
initiate the purchase and texture and tends to increase should be installed. Also role, from the punch of light
complete the sale. PEC enables the contrast of displayed control provides flexibility of from a spotlight to the drift of
managers to create the right objects by forming shadows. It use for the occupants and for light from a fluorescent.
appearance for the store and can direct attention to certain the store owner.
• Colourful. The choice of
its products while enhancing the key areas and displays.
• Practical. Systems must be lighting appearance can be
merchandising process to ensure
• Modelling. Good lighting not quick to install and chosen to varied, from warm to cool,
a comfortable atmosphere for
only makes the merchandise deliver optimum performance within a store. The actual
customers.
look interesting, revealing over extended maintenance choice is dependant upon the
Retail lighting can have a strong its form or texture, but helps and cleaning cycles. type of merchandise being
influence on the selling of goods shoppers to identify other displayed, from where it will
Comfort
and services. Guided by the people and makes sales be seen, and the times of day
• Ambience. The lighting must
principles of PEC, it is possible assistants appear more when trade must occur.
make the store look interesting
for designers to create lighting welcoming.
and inviting. Good lighting can • Design. Lighting can help
that gives a distinctive visual
• Contrast. To be visible to subconsciously direct people create or reinforce corporate
presentation of product quality,
the purchaser every item within the store, improving the image whilst delivering a
customer service and a store's
of merchandise must differ utilisation of space and the non-domineering appearance
customer target group. A careful
sufficiently in brightness from time that people spend there. that reflects the architectural
balance between ambient and
its background. intention
accent techniques can then • Atmosphere. The lighting must
attract customers into the store • Colour. When you consider seem warm and friendly, not
and even encourage them to how important colour is in cold and harsh. It sets the
spend. merchandising using lighting image of the establishment and
which destroys the effect is a creates the right atmosphere
Appropriate lighting can draw
poor economy. Attention to for the selling process.
the casual pedestrian’s attention
colour rendering brings out the
to a store. Once inside, lighting • Interest. With good lighting the
best in the merchandise.
can be used to create ‘islands’ of shopping experience should
visual interest that draw shoppers • Glare free. Excessively bright be pleasant and interesting,
into the environment. areas in view in a store can, encouraging future visits, rather
separately or together, impair than unpleasant or bland.
Because buying decisions start
visual performance.
when the customer is visibly • Stimulation, satisfaction
intrigued by the product, lighting Efficiency and health. Good lighting
must ensure that reading a label • Effective. At a time of rising stimulates interest and
or browsing through a magazine energy costs, systems must be alertness, thus increasing sales
is made effortless and natural. chosen to reduce the total cost impact considerably and even
PEC ensures that lighting can of ownership through life. stimulating ‘impulse’ buying.
support all stages of the buying
• Efficient. Low energy lighting • Ergonomic. The lighting should
process, enabling retailers to
can reduce electricity bills by be accommodating and stress
provide focal points of interest
being more efficient, especially free.
within the store and to present
with the long trading hours
all items in an attractive way that • Relaxing. It must be easy
involved. Lighting should be
stimulates sales. for the visitor to feel relaxed
sensitive to todays green issues.
and adapt easily to the
lighting level. A lively interior
encourages longer shopping.

30
31
 Supermarket gets full
marks for variety
In the modern retail market, customers demand increasing variety
and stimulation. The Morgan Family’s new IGA supermarket in
the suburb of Delahey, Melbourne, Australia provides an excellent
example of the way in which lighting can create a dynamic
atmosphere. The solution complements different zones and types
of merchandise within the store, helping to make shopping a
pleasure rather than a chore.

Performance Efficiency
The lighting matches the Single lamp fluorescents
locations and types of achieve 1.64kW per aisle
merchandise, making against the 2kW target
shopping a pleasure rather – an 18 per cent saving. The
than a chore. Retail areas scheme meets the energy
now rarely use horizontal requirements under the new
counters – merchandise is Building Code of Australia
displayed in vertical fashion regulation.
and the illuminance on vertical
Comfort
surfaces is increasingly
Overall the lighting concept
important. Subtle fluorescent
humanises the shopping
lighting in grocery aisles with
experience and achieves
low brightness louvres and
greater delineation between
symmetrical reflectors gives
sales areas. The sales areas
high horizontal and vertical
feel open and spacious for
illuminance levels, avoiding
customers selecting their goods
the glare normally associated
and the check-out areas make
with traditional supermarket
them feel relaxed and welcome
luminaires. Colour quality is
when paying and talking
high.
with IGA staff. It also shows
the supermarket to its best
advantage as a clean, well-lit
store.

Scheme associates: The lighting designer was Peter Shaw of IGA Distribution’s Retail
Development Department and the installing electrical contractor was KLN Electrical.

32
33
 Selling in a better light
The renovation of Dixon’s tax-free electronics store at Birmingham
airport in the UK – with its strong focus on digital technology – sets
new standards of excellence in retail lighting.
Powerful Concavia S pendants deliver low-level ambient lighting,
enabling alternative light sources to provide supplementary lighting to
greatest effect. Primata trunking is used to light the aisles both
horizontally and vertically, drawing attention to displays of
merchandise.

Performance Comfort
The scheme creates glare-free Dixon’s uses the physical
white light with good colour appearance of the luminaires
rendering, enabling shoppers as well as the quality of light to
to feel comfortable and secure take the shopper on a journey
when natural light is insufficient. through the store, improving the
Lighting has made the store utilisation of space and extending
inviting from the outside, time people remain involved.
attracting visitors. Once inside, The overall effect is stimulating
their attention is drawn to the and attractive, with careful use of
merchandise and directed different luminaires to maintain a
towards items the retailer wishes safe, ‘human scale’ environment.
to promote, stimulating ‘impulse’ The sequencing of the linear
buying. trunking fittings ‘pulls’ visitors
along the brightly-lit aisles. As
Efficiency
well as improving turnover,
The use of fluorescents and
the lighting improves working
150W metal halide pendants,
conditions to ensure that staff
which achieve over 60 luminaire-
experience less visual fatigue at
lumens/circuit Watt, greatly
the end of the day.
reduce electricity bills.

34
Primata II
The Primata II pre-wired trunking system features a simple, tool-free,
‘snap-on and turn’ mounting system that provides instant electrical
connection. Another ‘plus’ is the wide array of luminaires, optics and
accessories – including asymmetric distributions for shelf illumination.
The ability to include track and spotlights offers additional scope for
display lighting. Angle connectors and modules integrating presence
detectors widen applications even further. The continuous row lighting
system is available in modular lengths for surface mounting or
suspension by wires or chains.

Performance Integrated presence detector

An LOR up to 95 per cent gives provides simple energy control
a wide choice of distributions for
A choice of wiring configurations
optimum task illuminance
is provided with up to 9 poles
Fluorescent light source ensures for mains power supply, dimming
very good colour rendition (Ra and emergency operation. This
over 80) offers reduced maintenance and
increased user friendliness
Asymmetric distribution for
precise direction of light for shelf Comfort
lighting or wall-washing and The wide choice of optics
conventional distributions for provides the right combination
area lighting of glare control, direct lighting
and indirect distribution to create
Flexibility is enhanced with the
a comfortable and productive
ability to integrate spotlights and
environment
the system can easily be adapted
to changing space layouts High frequency gear gives flicker
free light
Efficiency
Computer designed optics, A choice of louvre ensures glare
optimised for T16 and T26 lamps free light for customer comfort
saves on energy use
Electronic, dimmable control gear
gives good light control and less
energy

35
 Roads and Tunnel
Improving the safety and usability of roads for
motorists, pedestrians and residents.

The application of PEC to road the entrance (called the threshold to present sufficient contrast which enable authorities to
lighting helps designers and zone) to ensure that drivers have against its background. This go beyond simple compliance
authorities to ensure that all adequate visibility into the tunnel is true by both day and with applicable standards
features of the road and traffic before they enter it. Upon entry night, but at night the driver’s by adapting light specifically
that are important to all users, driver’s eyes will adapt, and so ability to perceive contrast is to respond to different traffic
including pedestrians, are beyond the threshold zone, the considerably poorer at lower situations.
illuminated. lighting level is reduced in stages lighting levels. The requirement
• Practical. Maintenance
(transition zones) to a minimum here is to make the general
Road lighting is now an integral programmes should include
‘daytime’ level in the tunnel scene as bright as possible
part of road safety planning lamp replacement, luminaire
interior. On emerging from a and to maximise the contrast
through its ability to contribute cleaning and fault clearance.
tunnel into daylight, however, the between objects and their
to a reduction in the number of A maintenance factor for the
eye adapts far more quickly to background.
night-time accidents. According lantern can be estimated by
the higher luminance level.
to cost-benefit analyses carried • Modelling. Road lighting must using its IP rating and assuming
out in the UK at urban sites, the PEC profile have the ability to reveal solid or knowing the pollution
savings resulting from accident Performance form. category and cleaning interval.
reductions offset the costs of • Task Visibility. In most lighting Reliability is paramount as
• Colour. Lamps require
improving and maintaining the aim is to light objects the consequences of traffic
satisfactory colour rendering
lighting. of interest rather than their congestions are costly.
properties. Lighting users are
background, in road lighting
The use of PEC in creating a now exploiting the benefits of Comfort
it is the other way round.
road lighting design enables metal halide. • Atmosphere and ambience.
For road lighting the road
safety to be enhanced while also Much can be done to ensure
surface and the immediate • Glare Free. The presence of
contributing to the prevention and that the lighting directly
surrounds are lit, against which glare will cause disability and
detection of crime. Some statistics helps to create a pleasant
objects will generally appear discomfort and it is important
suggest that enhanced lighting and attractive after dark
in silhouette. To be visually that this is restricted in the
can reduce the incidence of atmosphere, especially for
satisfactory the value and lighting of the roads. Attention,
crime by as much as 41 percent. areas of civic importance and
uniformity of road luminance therefore, must be paid to the
As a valuable by-product of such amenity.
should be in accordance intensity of the light directed
investment, residents report that
with given recommendations. towards the driver’s eyes by • Satisfaction. Lighting designs
they feel more secure in areas
These recommended average the lanterns and the angles at can be created that improve
that are well lit. Consideration of
luminances ensure that the which they are seen. the experience of a locality for
the effective lighting of the whole
road is sufficiently bright to both drivers and pedestrians.
visual scene at night is highly Efficiency
reveal objects adequately.
desirable for many reasons. In • Effective. The economics of • Safe. Good lighting improves
civic centres, main streets and For residential and subsidiary road lighting is complex. There traffic safety for motorists
boulevards and other places that roads the purpose of are many parameters involved and surroundings are often
are the hub of a city or town, the lighting is to enable including capital costs, required to be lit to ensure that
coherent road lighting is highly pedestrians to orientate installation costs, maintenance pedestrians, on the pavement
desirable. themselves and detect vehicles costs and energy costs. are seen against the road and
and other hazards and to any buildings.
For drivers, PEC helps authorities • Efficient. Poorly designed and
deter crime against people
to ensure that motorists can installed road lighting may • Colourful. The type of light source
and property. The lighting
easily absorb sufficient visual lead to needless pollution of selected used will affect the
on the roads is to provide
information to proceed safely the environment, contribute appearance of the road lighting.
guidance for drivers but may
at a reasonable speed, see the to global warming and other
be insufficient for revealing
route ahead, respond to signs ecological problems.
objects on the road without the
and manoeuvre in good time.
use of headlights. The lighting In these cases the light
PEC also caters for tunnel design method is based upon distribution should be
lighting. Here the major concern providing a recommended controlled to minimise light spill
arises not by night, but by day, illuminance rather than on adjoining areas.
as drivers approach the tunnel luminance.
• Managed. Modern lighting
mouth from bright daylight. There
• Contrast. For a driver to detect controls offer a full spectrum of
has to be sufficient lighting in
the presence of an object it has control and monitoring features

36
37
 Light in the fast lane
The 1767m long Pont d'Aquitaine suspension bridge in Bordeaux
carries the A630 motorway over the Garonne, linking France
to southwest Europe. It has been relit with 180 custom lanterns
specially equipped with twin optics. Decorative illumination is
achieved from blue LEDs fitted to the structural columns.

Performance to reduce maintenance visits

The high performance lantern by 50 per cent. The flat glass
satisfies the required European optic, with strict cut-off, ensures
lighting standard (EN13201) no upward light and the use
and delivers the desired of aluminium permits efficient
levels of uniformity. The re-cycling after many years of
double Optibloc® system is operation.
engineered to improve visibility
Comfort
and reduce glare. Additionally,
Excellent driving conditions
both lamps can be powered
and a welcoming, calming
simultaneously in poor weather
atmosphere of safety are
conditions, such as mist
provided by the even, glare-
and fog.
free illumination. The blue LEDs
Efficiency provide motorists with a visual
Low energy usage is assured reference point, making route
through a combination of confirmation easier, easing
150W and 100W high stress.
pressure sodium lamps with
electronic ballasts. The lamps
combine energy efficiency
with high output levels and
long service life to give a low
overall cost of ownership.
The twin optic with lighting
control allows the operator

Scheme Associates: Architect – Strates Architects Consultancy; Client – Ministry of

Equipment, Transport, Town & Country Planning, Tourism and Sea.

38
39
 Performance driven

The Allegheny Mountain Tunnel, which carries the busy Pennsylvania

Turnpike across the eastern United States, has recently been relit. This
toll road is divided into two bores which serve eastbound and
westbound Interstate traffic.

Performance tray. An outstanding feature of

A total of 1,426 twin lamp the scheme was that no closure
Gotthard luminaires (150/70W) of the twin-bore tunnel in regular
are deployed along 1.85km of driving hours occurred during
tunnel. Lighting at entry and exit installation.
points is provided by 400W
Comfort
high-pressure sodium lamps. The
The critical issue in lighting
lighting enables traffic to flow
road tunnels is the need to
through the tunnel with the same
provide adequate ‘transitional’
speed and degree of safety as
lighting at entry and exit points
on the approach road.
during the day. This enables
Efficiency drivers to adjust to the in-tunnel
All luminaires employ low-energy environment. At Allegheny,
high pressure sodium lamps, the necessary in-tunnel and
controlled by a Square D system, transitional luminance was
to minimise energy consumption. calculated by determining the
Closure for maintenance brightness of the surroundings to
purposes will be considerably the tunnel entrance. As a result,
reduced due to the highly sealed, motorists enjoy good visibility
robust nature of the luminaires. and comfort during day and
Housings are specially anodised night.
to give an extremely durable,
corrosion resistant and long-
lasting aluminium oxide finish.
Contractors will welcome the
quick release stainless steel front
clips for easy access and the
removable, custom made, gear

Scheme Associates.
Designed for the PA Turnpike Commission by engineers from Professional Systems
Engineering and installed by electrical contractors Lighthouse Electric. Supplied by
North Star Lighting, Thorn’s US agent.

40
Oracle
Few aluminium road lanterns combine contemporary styling with such
an advanced performance as Oracle. It’s all down to precision optics.
There is a choice of light distributions. With a hinged canopy and an
aerodynamic shape in two sizes, Oracle features a post-top or side
entry body.

Performance Compact optics result in A sleek, smooth profile makes

Lamp positions are tuned for improved spacings, which means the lantern inconspicuous by day,
optimum performance for specific reduced lighting points compared minimising visual intrusion, whilst
road types and arrangements. with traditional products. Wide the column, bracket and lantern
and Comfort versions have a can be integrated within a towns
A choice of three road optics:
double IP66-protected optical or cities lighting design strategy.
Access, Wide or Comfort
system (OPTIBLOC®)for reduced
improves visibility. The latter optic
maintenance.
designed for CEN/EN13201
maximises comfort by meeting all The aluminium body is ideal
disability glare (TI) constraints. for recyclability and the lantern
complies with RoHS requirements
The availability of metal halide
and CosmoPolis lamps addresses The body caters for expansions
colour rendering considerations and future innovations in light
and supports the trend towards sources and associated controls.
white light.
The efficient optical systems
Efficiency deliver control of upward light
Twenty five different fluorescent and light spill beyond the
and HID lamp options, from 42 highway boundary.
to 600W means less energy
Self cleaning glass due to photo-
Photocells - Nema socket or catalyst treatment.
minicells, provide simple lighting
Comfort
control
Good ambient illumination means
Electronic control gear gives no fatigue for motorists.
the benefits of less energy and
The optic design gives glare free
longer life
light. Obtrusive light emission is
Dimming features also minimise minimised.
energy consumption and include
Telea lighting controls can
the Telea lighting control system
provide remote management for
maintenance and event
dependent settings.

41
 the framework for lighting, people and places

Urban
Improving the perception of urban life for
individuals, for culture and for business.

The application of PEC to lighting PEC profile substantially reduce the levels enjoyment of sports and leisure
in the urban environment enables Performance of wasted light without facilities providing
local authorities to create an • Task Visibility. Visual co- compromising the important entertainment, amusement and
attractive nightscape that makes ordination is also important to role which lighting plays in recreation.
places safer to live in and more improve the balance between improving the urban night time
• Safe. Lighting makes for safe
attractive for visitors, business individual lighting installations environment.
movement of traffic, shoppers
people, residents and shoppers. in terms of colour and
• Managed. Today’s outdoor and pedestrians. It vanquishes
brightness in relation to
The reasons for lighting the urban lighting control systems the twilight areas of our open
surroundings, background and
environment vary according to provides the ability for users to spaces. It also creates a feeling
subject importance.
the interest group concerned. For enjoy the benefits of flexibility, of well being for residents in
members of the public, safety, • Modelling. In an urban scene it security, monitoring and their own living area. Lighting
security and easy navigation will is the highlights and shadows simplicity. is a powerful deterrent to night-
come high on the list. For that gives 'life' and achieve time crime. It protects people
• Practical. Systems must be
retailers, attracting shoppers and modelling, these are created and property and significantly
chosen to deliver optimum
demarcating showrooms will be by the direction (a function of reduces the fear of crime.
performance over extended
important. For civic authorities, the geometry of the installation) Good lighting attracts visitors
maintenance and cleaning
other issues may include a and the intensity of light. to an area increasing
cycles.
strategy for economic and social Modelling also depends upon economic prosperity and
development, promoting tourism the position of the viewer, so Comfort reducing levels of crime.
or merely improving safety in the direction of view needs to • Ambience. The way we
• Ergonomic. Lighting of
parks and other open spaces. be assessed. perceive our night-time
pedestrian areas and
surroundings is very much
PEC enables all issues to be • Colour. The colour rendering landmarks (such as churches
dependent upon how they are
given appropriate weight so that chosen should be suited to the and bridges) can help us find
lit. Lighting can generate
a balanced set of integrated purpose. For instance colour our way in an unfamiliar area
feelings of invitation and
solutions can be implemented. finishes may need revealing at night by improving the
warmth, intimacy or
The programme enables or vandals and criminals overall visual scene and
spaciousness, or even
authorities to highlight important recognised. reducing visual confusion.
excitement and drama. Each
historical and architectural
• Glare free. Excessive disability district has its own individual • Colourful. Distinct colours of
buildings while deploying
glare can arise in amenity identity or character. Lighting light can be used to create
appropriate lighting to reduce
lighting if careful consideration can reveal and enhance this by aesthetically pleasing effects.
crime, support CCTV and
is not given to the luminaire's emphasising a particular style Architectural features such as
improve a sense of personal
optical performance . Glare of architecture or planning. facades, bridges, statues and
security. PEC also enables
will be reduced if the parks can benefit greatly from
schemes to be devised that avoid • Atmosphere. This adds
luminaires are located further the use of colour.
waste or spill light, thus ensuring pleasantness to an area. It
away from the normal eye-line.
the best possible energy serves the needs of the • Integrated. Consideration
Glare will also be reduced if
efficiency and a smaller pedestrian but goes beyond should be given to visual co-
the surround brightness is
environmental footprint. By purely functional lighting. It ordination in terms of the
increased.
applying PEC a comprehensive should reveal the footpath as equipment style/appearance,
and controlled night time Efficiency well as providing sufficient light column types and mounting
statement can be made to the • Effective. At a time of rising for other pedestrians to be heights to the benefit of
benefit of all. energy costs, systems must be seen clearly. This will ensure daytime and after dark
chosen to reduce the total cost the area gives a feeling of appearance.
of ownership. security. The scale of the
lighting should also be at a
• Efficient. With long burning
human level and not create a
hours the efficient use of
confining impression.
energy for urban lighting
provision is of key importance. • Stimulation and satisfaction.
Well designed luminaires and The urban light spectacle is a
lighting schemes can way of extending our

42
43
 Streets ahead
The town of Benevento, in southern Italy, has at its centre the
historical street, Corso Garibaldi, which has recently been
revitalized for the benefit of locals and tourists alike. The
solution is an excellent example of how urban lighting can be
environmentally friendly and create a great atmosphere. A total of
138 Decostreet Size 1 lanterns with round body and bowls, each
with a 70W metal halide lamp, have been installed on custom
made, four metre high, columns. Each column is equipped with
three lanterns, equally orientated at 120 degrees - two on the
street side and one lighting the pavement.

Performance operation (lamp life is 12,000

The high performance optical hours) and IP66 optic will
system (Optibloc) is engineered enable the local authority to
for improved visibility and save on maintenance costs.
reduced glare. The solution
Comfort
provides an average
The installation achieves
horizontal illuminance of 50
outstanding visual comfort.
lux. Decostreet spreads light
Comfortable warm light
downwards to a considerable
(2800K) is provided so that at
distance, enabling lanterns
night the lighting comes into
to be spaced a long way
its own, adding safety, security
apart without leaving areas of
and a new aesthetic dimension
shadow. The optic is designed
to its context. By day, the
to reduce discomfort glare to a
lighting (and the columns
minimum. Colour rendering is
which support them) brings
excellent at Ra83.
its own style to the urban
Efficiency landscape. The colours of the
The use of low wattage column base (silver RAL 7001)
discharge lamps delivers and shaft (green RAL 6028)
energy efficient illuminance match that the lantern body
(75 lumens per Watt for the and circular ring respectively.
complete lantern). The original Such is the atmosphere created
brief called for spheres to be that the main street is now
used, which due to obtrusive seen as a cultural meeting
light concerns were quickly place well beyond daylight
changed. The new design hours.
minimises the spread of light
above the horizontal resulting
in very minimal upward light
spillage and meeting the strict
Italian regulations. The long

Scheme Associates: lighting by Campania agency,

Column design by Pagliara Architetto of Napoli.

44
45
 Revelations at Reims
Notre-Dame Cathedral, Reims – arguable the finest example of
Gothic church architecture - can now be revealed in a new light,
thanks to new exterior spotlighting which adds a touch of magic
to an already spectacular piece of architecture. The resulting
balance of light and shadow creates a dramatic effect which can
only be seen at night.
The west front of the coronation cathedral of France is an elegant
design of great unity. The challenge of lighting such a building
lies in its sheer volume – there are 2,203 statues alone. The
lighting had to highlight the many components of the façade
without over-lighting any of them. At the same time it needed to
emphasise French Gothic focal points such as the triple doorway,
arcade and rose window, line of kings and twin towers.

Performance Comfort
The project used 150 Metal halide (warm 3000K for
circular symmetrical Contrast the floodlights and cool 4200K
floodlights, 60 of which were for the fibre optics) illuminates
small 35W ‘pinspot’ units. the façade in crisp white light,
These were augmented by contrasting with the golden
1,114 recessed end-glow yellow of the surrounding
fibre optic terminals, chosen street lighting.
to light details and statues.
The carefully-planned lighting
Metal halide was the selected
strategy creates a dramatic
light source giving high colour
lit effect. The light gradually
rendering. The light ranges
intensifies upwards, drawing
from 5 lux for the buttressed
the eye easily and smoothly
doorways to 40 lux at the
upwards. The result is a
towers. Only major details
sensitive scheme which has
were highlighted (to 200-300
unity, beauty and economy.
lux). The form of the shadows
The mixture of light and dark
is controlled by varying the
areas adds realism to the
closeness and beam angle
sumptuous carvings, as well
of the lighting, the fibre
as strengthening the three-
optics being adjustable from
dimensional impact of the
7-36 degrees.
cathedral in the cityscape.
Efficiency
Maintenance efficiencies are
achieved by minimising the
number of lamp points. The
majority of these are close-
mounted and aimed upwards
to reverse shadows while
limiting obtrusive light. The use
of highly efficient metal halide
lamps satisfies power targets.

Scheme Associates: Lighting design by Roger Narboni of Concepto Agency.

46
Avenue Virtual
The ‘virtual’ indirect lantern uses a unique concentric ring top
reflector system combined with a precision light projector, housed
in a body finished in silver grey. The closed projector achieves
97 per cent containment of output within the top reflector
system, minimising light spill and providing minimal glare with
an attractive lighting effect. The lantern embodies strong design
values with full regard to aesthetic and performance needs.
Dedicated columns have optional sleeving.

Performance Comfort
The amenity optic gives good The lantern adds visual appeal
seeing conditions and a and pleasantness to an area,
light pattern that is attractive providing lighting at a human
and welcoming. The flat level.
top reflector with multiple
The decorative lamp shield
rings eradicates glare whilst
limits discomfort glare and
controlling the light distribution
the indirect optic reveals
for excellent uniform
the ground level as well as
illumination.
providing sufficient spatial
Metal halide lamps ensure illuminance for pedestrians to
good colour rendition be seen clearly
Efficiency Architectural appearance is
The indirect optic prevents high by day as well as night
the spread of light above the and the lantern and column
horizontal integrate well together.
The use of electronic ballasts Matching wall versions are
assists energy saving available.

47
 Sport
Improving the usability and visual appeal of
multifunctional venues, indoors and outside.

The application of PEC to lighting PEC profile Performance Efficiency Comfort

for sport enables authorities • Stimulation and Satisfaction.
• Task visibility and contrast. • Effective. Cost-effective fittings
and users to make the most of Better lighting encourages
High levels of uniform lighting with low running costs and
today’s modern multi-purpose, better performances and lets
are required for many sports. flexible switching arrangements
community-orientated activity the crowd see more of what it
Lighting must deliver the are a priority.
complexes. wants to see.
required brightness and
• Efficient. Neighbourhood issues
Contemporary sporting centres contrast over the playing • Atmosphere. Lighting can
such as light spill for local
may include facilities such as surface whilst provide sufficient counter the 'industrial' feeling
residents must be addressed.
shops, restaurants, children’s light for players, spectators of large indoor spaces. It can
Most exterior sports lighting
play areas and cafés, as well and visitors alike. create a pleasant and visually
systems achieve high utilance
as fitness and health centres, comforting atmosphere in
• Modelling. Good sports which ensures that for equal
playing fields and running many sports and leisure areas,
lighting not only reveals lighting performance over
tracks. There may be spaces for such as fitness zones.
form and texture, but helps the playing area the energy
conferences and the car park
players and spectators to load is considerable reduced • Safe. The primary lighting
may be used to hold markets.
identify people and this when compared with systems objective for certain sports,
This versatility poses a is achieved by vertical providing less precise light such as swimming, is safety;
considerable lighting challenge illumination. control. In fact, excessive spill the pool attendant must be
to the designer. PEC enables light, is invariably a sign of able to see a swimmer in
• Colour. Colour rendering
a creative response to be wasted energy, quite apart difficulty clearly
depends upon the event in
developed. from the inconvenience it
question. The lighting, for • Integrated. Exposed luminaires
causes in the surrounding
For activity areas, indoors and example, may have to be can be selected to complement
environment.
outside, a key requirement sufficiently good to enable the design of each facility.
is lighting that adopts the colour television pictures to • Managed. Lighting controls,
requirements defined in be recorded or average for especially switching to achieve
EN12193. It should deliver the a local sports club's mid-week stepped illuminance levels
required brightness and contrast training. is usually required for sports
over the playing surface whilst lighting, more so with multi-
• Glare free. Care must be taken
providing sufficient, glare-free sports facilities.
to avoid excessive discomfort
light for players, spectators and
glare, especially floodlighting. • Practical. Systems must be
visitors – without intruding into
For players glare will be chosen to deliver optimum
the neighbourhood, in the case
reduced by increasing the performance over extended
of floodlighting. This is not simply
floodlight mounting height, by maintenance and cleaning
a matter of ‘seeing the ball’:
aiming the peak intensity of the cycles. Low maintenance
the right choice of lighting can
floodlights, and by ensuring requirements are essential.
also be a source of comfort in a
that the luminance of the area Wire guards and impact
health suite, or of clarity on the
and its surrounds is as high as resistance are often required
squash court. Lighting can be
possible. For spectators the key
a guarantor of safety in a
factor is to limit the intensities
swimming pool, or of calm
outside the actual beam of
and organisation in the booking
the floodlight.
office. At the same time it
can maximise safety and
conserve energy.
With PEC incorporated into
the design process, lighting for
sport can help to create a more
welcoming, safer and efficient
environment.

48
49
 Scoring for the
environment
The floodlighting system installed at the multi-purpose Due Pini
Stadium in Salo, northern Italy, is both functional and community-
focused. It satisfies the requirements of the athletic and football
governing bodies, and prevents the escape of stray light in order
to respect the quality of life of nearby local residents. The 52
Champion 2kW metal halide floodlights, mounted on four 25m
high masts, provide an excellent solution.

Performance 13 per cent saving in power

The scheme meets the load. The design included
recommended illuminance three switching levels to meet
values published in UNI EN the needs of different sporting
12193 as well as the rules of events.
the Italian National Olympic
Comfort
Committee (CONI) and Italian
The quality of light provided
Football Association (FIGC).
by the installation promotes
The playing surface appears
quick reactions by players
uniformly bright when viewed
and competitors, encouraging
from the relevant directions
improvements in skill and
and disability glare is reduced
performance. The 10,000
to negligible levels.
spectators enjoy a clear view
Efficiency of all the action across the
The use of precision optics entire sporting area.
ensures that all running track
markings and the entire field
area of play are precisely
illuminated without emitting
any stray light. The floodlights
also score highly in terms
of economic efficiency.
Compared with conventional
floodlights the scheme uses
eight fewer projectors – a

50
Champion
The optical design of the Champion is notably different from normal
sports floodlights making it the ideal choice for those concerned with
high performance and the avoidance of obtrusive light. Instead of
having a ‘flat glass’ construction Champion’s front glass closure is
inclined inside the floodlight. The front of the body acts as a cowl
for full cut-off and provides a ‘virtual’ light emitting surface, which is
aimed parallel (flat) to the ground. Furthermore, each lamp option has
a minimum of three lamp positions to provide different photometries
from just one installed position.
As a result, Champion combines the performance features of classic
floodlights (high light output) with those of ‘flat glass’ projectors
(control of obtrusive light pollution). Illuminance and uniformity of
floodlighting projects can be optimised without the need to tilt the
floodlight, thus reducing obtrusive light.

Performance Comfort
An asymmetric Sports Optic Precision optics provide perfect
for precise light control: good seeing conditions for players,
illuminance, uniformity and glare officials and spectators and
control. limited light spill for neighbouring
householders.
A tight cut-off of light below the
horizontal limits the spread of The use of Champion can extend
light beyond the playing area playing time and thus user
satisfaction.
A high peak beam angle with
adjustability during set-up avoids Above all it encourages better
the need for tilting the floodlight performances and enjoyment.
The use of metal halide lamps
means good colour rendition and
blends well with natural daylight.
Ideal for high illuminance level
required with spectators.
Efficiency
No direct upward light above
the horizontal results in minimal
obtrusive light (just ground
reflection)
The optical system is designed
for two of the most powerful and
efficient types of high intensity
discharge lamps in use - metal
halide (1 and 2kW) and high-
pressure sodium (1kW)

51
 PEC Tools
Our lighting engineers throughout simple test can be used to detect
the world are equipped with where the CRF will be low so that
lighting design instruments such measures can be taken
as software. They are not a accordingly. It takes about as
substitute for the skill of the long to do as the time taken here
lighting designer, but an aid, to read it.
rather like a spanner in the hands
The visibility of detail within a
of a mechanic.
task depends upon its contrast
These computers and associated and will be impaired if the
software provide many facilities, lighting system degrades the
but one part is that they allow a contrast. This can happen if, for
design to be visualised and example, images of bright
enable scheme design sources, such as luminaires or
parameters to be checked and windows, are reflected within the
optimised, thus allowing the surface of the task. The CRF is a
highest levels of performance, measure of the degradation of
efficiency and comfort to be contrast that is caused by veiling
designed in from the beginning. reflections (bright reflections in
An example of this type of the task). It’s important, partly
software is Thorn Roadsoft, which because it is tangable (you can
allows a road layout to be see the reflections), but mainly
defined and visualised and because it tends to have a
design parameters to be greater impact on the effective
optimised. It provides real-time contrast in practice.
results to the designer to help
The CRF varies considerably with
them understand the impact of
the task, with the relative
design choices and therefore aid
positions of task and luminaires,
the production of high quality
and with the direction of view.
lighting schemes.
Although the illumination may
Our aim is to develop a range of appear satisfactory and the lamp
simple lighting tools for the shielded from direct view, minute
application of PEC, whilst reflections in the surface of ink
continuing to put our faith in the and other materials, substantially
skills of people. reduce the effective contrast of
the printed or written text. Even if
the reduction in contrast were as
The Contrast Rendering little as 20 per cent; this would
Factor (CRF) Indicator produce a serious loss of
visibility. At office lighting levels it
We can, for example, very
would be equivalent to reducing
quickly indicate how effectively
the illumination by a factor of
the lighting system minimizes
more than ten! So quality is more
unwanted shiny reflections in the
important than quantity. CRF has
task. Lighting in the wrong place
also been found to correlate with
can reduce the contrast of what
the subjective assessment of the
we are trying to see and a
visual quality of a lighting
reduction in contrast is more
installation.
serious than a reduction in
illumination. The Contrast
Rendering Factor (CRF) Indicator
has been devised, which will
result in good CRF and good
visibility where it is needed. The

52
PEC - your quick guide
Criteria and terminology

Performance Efficiency Comfort

Task visibility Effective Atmosphere Ergonomic

Contrast Energy efficient Ambience Integrated
Modelling Managed system Stimulating Colourful
Colour Practical Satisfaction Interest
Glare free Safe Health

Measures and units

Performance Efficiency Comfort

Illuminance lux Efficient lm/W CO² emission, kg/a Creative

Luminance cd/m² Economic £/m² Energy, kWh Subjective
Disability glare cd Daylight link % Recycled element, % Aesthetic
Colour rendition Ra Presence link % Ownership cost, Architectural
£/y for life
Uniformity Maintenance link % Design

Descriptors, actions and impacts

Performance Efficiency Comfort

Gives right Enhance detection Sustainable Easy to service Calm atmosphere Full filling
environment
Reveal features/ Reduce power Fit for purpose Lively atmosphere Welcoming
Improves clarity patterns demand
Economic Balanced ambience Pleasant
Less fatigue Reveal coloured Conserve energy
Value for money Reassuring Accommodating
details
Quicker completion Reduce global
Limit obtrusive light Variety - glitter/sparkle
Gives free view warming
Fewer mistakes
Meets regulations Variable - stress free
Meets regulations Saves resource
Easier
Bio rhythmic Inspire
discrimination Reveals shadows Less waste
Wellness Arouse
Higher productivity Reveals textures Quick to install
No flicker Flow of light
Greater flexibility
Relaxing

Note
Performance and Efficiency criteria can be quantified and the solutions engineered to conform to
requirements or recommended targets.
Comfort criteria are subjective and influenced by psychology of lighting and the solutions are
prepared to design rules and creative/artistic experience.
PEC also embraces design and the need for the scheme to have good architectural integration.

53
 A Short Glossary of Lighting Terms

Carbon dioxide (CO²) Efficacy Ingress protection (IP) Luminaire-lumens per

An important greenhouse gas. Measured in lumens per Watt Denotes the protection against circuit watt
Countries that ratified the Kyto (lm/W) and a useful parameter entry of dust/solid objects and Is the luminaire efficiency factor
agreement have committed to for assessing how much light moisture/water, provided by the given by LOR x (total bare lamp
reduce their emissions. Lighting is available from the lamp for luminaire enclosure. flux in the luminaire/circuit Watts)
designers have the power to hold each Watt of power. Luminaire
down CO² emissions into the efficacy is often expressed by
Lighting Energy Numeric Luminance
atmosphere (0.42 kg of carbon dividing the initial lamp lumens
Indicator (LENI) The measured brightness of a
dioxide is produced for each by the combined lamp and
1kWh/hour of electricity.) control gear power. Defined in the European surface. The unit is cd/m².
standard for assessing the Energy
Performance of Buildings (EPBD),
Colour Appearance Glare Luminous intensity
EN 15193 as the measure
(candelas)
The colour emitted by a near- Glare is the result of excessive for annual lighting energy
white light source can be contrasts of luminance in the requirement for the building per The amount of light that a small
indicated by its correlated colour field of view. The effect may square metre. The quick method light source at the tip of a cone
temperature (CCT). Each lamp vary from mild discomfort to of calculation being: emits through a narrow cone in a
type has a specific correlated an actual impairment of the given direction.
LENI = W/A {kWh/(m² x year)}
colour temperature measured ability to see. When the ability
in degrees Kelvin e.g. 3000K to see is impaired this is called W is the total annual energy used
Lux
and are described as warm, disability glare. Discomfort glare for lighting {kWh/year}
intermediate, cool and cold. is associated more with interiors; The unit of illuminance, equal to
A is the total useful floor area of one lumen per square metre.
it refers to the discomfort or the building {m²}
distraction caused by bright
Colour Rendering
windows or luminaires. Modelling
The ability of a light source to LED / light-emitting diode
reveal the colours of an object. The use of light to bring out the
High frequency electronic An LED or light-emitting diode form of three-dimensional objects,
It is determined by the spectral
control gear (HF) is a small semiconductor device structures or spaces.
power distribution or spectrum of
which emits light, usually
the light source. Measured by the Most artificial light sources other
coloured, when an electric
colour rendering index (Ra). The than incandescent lamps require Optic
current passes through it. LEDs
higher the number the better, up special control gear to start the
are energy saving and have a The reflector and/or refractor
to a maximum of 100. lamp and control the current
long service life. system that directs the light
after starting. HF electronic gear
emission from the lamp in the
operates fluorescent tube(s) at
Contrast luminaire into required directions.
high frequency (typically at 30- Light Output Ratio (LOR)
Subjective experience of 60 kHz) instead of the mains The ratio of the total light output
comparative brightness between frequency of 50 Hz offering Spill Light
of the luminaire to the output
points or areas of luminance, benefits of higher quality lighting, of the lamp(s), under stated Stray light from a luminaire that
seen simultaneously or reduced running costs and ease conditions. incidentally illuminates nearby
successively. of use, combined with safe
objects or surfaces within the
reliable operation. Dimmable
public environment. Can be a
versions available. They may Lumen (lm)
Contrast Rendering Factor cause of ‘light trespass’.
also be used with high intensity The unit of luminous flux or the
(CRF)
discharge lamps. rate of flow of light from a source
A measure of the degradation of Uniformity
or received by a surface. When a
contrast that is caused by veiling
Illuminance ray of light hits a solid surface, the The ratio of the minimum
reflections (bright reflections in
process is known as illumination. illuminance to the average
the task). See also PEC Tools and The amount of light failing on
illuminance over the specified
the CRF Indicator. an area divided by that area
surface area.
- measured in lux. Generally, Luminaire
500 lx is needed for office Modern term for “light fitting”
Digital Addressable Lighting
work, whereas a watchmaker or “fixture”. A complete lighting Visual performance is the
Interface (DALI)
requires 4,000 lux. In summer, unit that controls the distribution ability to perceive detail and
A lighting control protocol set out the sun shines on the ground with carry out the visual tasks.
of light given by a lamp(s) and
in the technical standard IEC 929 120,000 lux, and a full moon includes components for fixing
produces 3 lux. and protecting the lamp(s) and Visual comfort is our feeling
Digital Serial Interface (DSI) for connecting them to the supply of ease or well being within the
A lighting control protocol created circuit. Luminaires for road lighting visual field.
by the Zumtobel Group, for are often known as lanterns.
applications where the addressing
feature of DALI is not required. Visual satisfaction is the
qualitative impression of a lit
space.

54
Thorn Lighting Limited
UK
Silver Screens, Elstree Way, Borehamwood,
Hertfordshire, WD6 1FE

UK Sales desk -
Orders/Stock Enquiries
Tel: 08701 610 610
Fax: 08701 610 611
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Fax: 08701 610 711

Ireland
320 Harold’s Cross Road, Dublin 6W
Tel: (353) 1 4922 877
Fax: (353) 1 4922 724
E-mail: enq.dublin@thornlight.com

Street & Road Lighting

Silver Screens, Elstree Way, Borehamwood,
Hertfordshire, WD6 1FE
Tel: 020 8732 9829
Fax: 020 8732 9825
E-mail: enquiries.outdoor@thornlight.com

Thorn Olympics Sports Lighting Team

Tel: 07796 303176
E-mail: olympicsteamuk@thornlighting.com

Spare Parts
Tel: 0191 301 3131
Fax: 0191 301 3038
E-mail: spares@thornlight.com

Technical Support
Tel: 0870 600 8111
Fax: 0191 301 3907
E-mail: technical@thornlight.com

Brochureline Answering Service

Brochures on specific products/ranges
Tel: 020 8732 9898
Fax: 020 8732 9899
E-mail: brochures@thornlight.com

www.thornlighting.co.uk

Thorn Lighting is constantly developing and improving its products. All descriptions, illustrations,
drawings and specifications in this publication present only general particulars and shall not form
part of any contract. The right is reserved to change specifications without prior notification or
public announcement. All goods supplied by the company are supplied subject to the company’s
General Conditions of Sale, a copy of which is available on request. All measurements are in
millimetres and weights in kilograms unless otherwise stated. ISO 9001:2000
ISO 9001:2000
Member of The Lighting Reg: 2916/0
Reg: 2916/0
Publication No: 414 (GB) Publication Date: 08/07 Industry Federation Manufacturing &
Manufacturing & Distribution
Distribution
Lighting people and places