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Common Boundary Conditions in Fluid Mechanics

This document discusses four common boundary conditions in fluid mechanics: 1. No-slip boundary condition where the fluid velocity equals the wall velocity. 2. Symmetry boundary condition where the first derivative of velocity is zero at a plane of symmetry. 3. Stress continuity boundary condition where the stress in one fluid equals the stress in another fluid at the boundary. 4. Velocity continuity boundary condition where the velocity in one fluid equals the velocity in another fluid at the boundary.

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Sanam Puri
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45 views

Common Boundary Conditions in Fluid Mechanics

This document discusses four common boundary conditions in fluid mechanics: 1. No-slip boundary condition where the fluid velocity equals the wall velocity. 2. Symmetry boundary condition where the first derivative of velocity is zero at a plane of symmetry. 3. Stress continuity boundary condition where the stress in one fluid equals the stress in another fluid at the boundary. 4. Velocity continuity boundary condition where the velocity in one fluid equals the velocity in another fluid at the boundary.

Uploaded by

Sanam Puri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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c 1998 Faith A. Morrison, all rights reserved.

Common Boundary Conditions in Fluid


Mechanics
1. No-slip at the wall. This boundary condition says that the uid in contact
with a wall will have the same velocity as the velocity of the wall. Often
the walls are not moving, so the uid velocity is zero. In drag ows like the
previous example, the velocity of the wall is nite and the uid velocity is
equal to the wall velocity.
vp jat the boundary = Vwall (1)
2. Symmetry. In some ows there is a plane of symmetry. Since the velocity
eld is the same on either side of the plane of symmetry, the velocity must
go through a minimum or a maximum at the plane of symmetry. Thus, the
boundary condition to use is that the rst derivative of the velocity is zero
at the plane of symmetry.


@vp

@xm at the boundary

=0 (2)

3. Stress continuity. When a uid forms one of the boundaries of the ow, the
stress is continuous from one uid to another. Thus for a viscous uid in
contact with an inviscid (zero or very low viscosity uid), this means that
at the boundary, the stress in the viscous uid is the same as the stress in
the inviscid uid. Since the inviscid uid can support no shear stress (zero
viscosity) this means that the stress is zero at this interface. The boundary
condition between a uid such as a polymer and air, for example, would be
that the shear stress in the polymer at the interface would be zero.
jk jat the boundary = 0 (3)
Alternatively if two viscous uids meet and form a ow boundary, this same
boundary condition would require that the stress in one uid equal the stress
in the other at the boundary.
jk ( uid 1)jat the boundary = jk ( uid 2)jat the boundary (4)
4. Velocity continuity. When a uid forms one of the boundaries of the ow as
described above, the velocity is also continuous from one uid to another.
vp ( uid 1)jat the boundary = vp ( uid 2)jat the boundary (5)

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