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Guided Reading & Analysis: The Civil War,

1861-1865 chapter 14- Civil War pp 268-283
Reading Assignment:
Ch. 14 AMSCO or other resource for Period 5.

Purpose:
This guide is not only a place to record notes as you read, but also to provide a
place and structure for reflections and analysis using your noggin (thinking skills)
with new knowledge gained from the reading. This guide, if THOUGHFULLY and
ACURATELY completed in its entirety
(collage created by Rebecca Richardson using playbill from
The Civil War, map from wiki commons, and image from artshound)

Directions:
1. Pre-Read: Read the prompts/questions within this guide before you read the chapter.
2. Skim: Flip through the chapter and note titles and subtitles. Look at images and read captions. Get a feel for the content you are about to read.
3. Read/Analyze: Read the chapter. If you have your own copy of AMSCO, Highlight key events and people as you read. Remember, the goal is not
to “fish” for a specific answer(s) to reading guide questions, but to consider questions in order to critically understand what you read!
4. Write: Write (do not type) your notes and analysis in the spaces provided. Complete

Key Concepts FOR PERIOD 5:

Key Concept 5.1: The United States became more connected with the world, pursued an expansionist foreign policy in the Western
Hemisphere, and emerged as the destination for many migrants from other countries.
Key Concept 5.2: Intensified by expansion and deepening regional divisions, debates over slavery and other economic, cultural, and
political issues led the nation into civil war.
Key Concept 5.3: The Union victory in the Civil War and the contested reconstruction of the South settled the issues of slavery and
secession, but left unresolved many questions about the power of the federal government and citizenship rights.

Section 1 Guided Reading, pp 268-282

1. Intro: The Civil War, 1861-1865 page 268

Key Concepts &

Main Ideas Notes

The North’s greater Read the William Tecumseh Sherman quote and first paragraph of the chapter on page 268.
manpower and List and explain the four main ways the civil war impacted the nation.
industrial resources, its
leadership, and the 1) 750,000 people died in this war
decision for
emancipation eventually
led to the Union military 2) 4 million slaves were set free
victory over the
Confederacy in the
devastating Civil War 3) Accelerated industrialization and modernization

The Union victory in

the Civil War and the 4) destroyed the south economically
contested
Reconstruction of the
South settled the issues Which effect of war do you view as the most significant? Explain your reasoning.
of slavery and I think the freed slaves was the most significant because the issue of slavery was a major cause of the was
secession…

2. The War Begins pp 268-271

REMEMBER…As you read the chapter, jot down your notes in the middle column. Consider your notes to be elaborations on the Objectives and Main
Ideas presented in the left column and in the subtitles of the text. INCLUDE IN YOUR NOTES ALL SIGNIFICANT VOCABULARY AND PEOPLE. After read
 and take notes, thoughtfully, analyze what you read by answering the questions in the right column. Remember this step is essential to your processing of
information. Completing this guide thoughtfully will increase your retention as well as your comprehension!

Key Concepts &

Main Ideas Notes Analysis

The War Begins… Abraham Lincoln is revered at one of the best

Presidents in history by many historians; however
The North’s there are those who see him as a tyrant who
greater Fort Sumter… abused his power. Support or refute the assertion
manpower and Fort in the south held by federal troops but claimed by a seceded state that he was a tyrant who violated the Constitution
industrial and individuals’ rights as outlined in the Bill of
resources, its Rights. Defend your answer with specific evidence.
leadership, and Lincoln uses executive power to make decisions
the decision for that were uncalled for
emancipation
eventually led
to the Union Use of Executive Power…
military victory There was a increase of them during the civil war
over the
Confederacy
in the
devastating
Civil War. Secession of the Upper South…
This was happened by Lincoln’s request for volunteers to defend fort Sumner
Although
Confederate
leadership
showed Keeping Border States in the Union…
initiative and This was Lincoln’s primary goal because the loss would increase Confederate population Abraham Lincoln said, “I hope to have God on my
daring early in by more than 50% side, but I must have Kentucky.” What did he mean
the war, the by this?
Their loss would have increased the Confederate
Union
population by more than 50 percent
ultimately
succeeded due
to improved
military
leadership,
more effective Wartime Advantages…
strategies, key
victories, Military… the confederation had experienced generals and they knew how to fight a
greater war
resources, and
the wartime
destruction of So many West Point graduates joined the
Confederacy, the government contemplated
the South’s
shutting it down. (Of 1,108 U.S. Army officers in
environment
1860, only 270 resigned to join the Confederate
and Economic… Army. Of those 270, however, 184 were West Point
infrastructure. The Union dominated economy, while the hoped European demand for cotton would bring graduates and were mostly middle to upper
money commanders with military experience… most
notably, Robert E. Lee.) Despite so many highly
trained military leaders, they still ended up losing.
Why do you think that was?
Political…
Union had well established gov while the confederacy not so much The Confederates were fighting for independence
while the Union fighting for preservation

The Confederate States of America…

It was 11 states that later seceded because the north had defeat them and they lacked
industry and modern technology
3. First Years of a Long War, pp 271-2273

Key Concepts & Main

Ideas Notes Analysis

First Years of a Long War… Who had more victories in the first years of
Although Confederate They were very unorganized and confusing because the troops were the war?
leadership showed untrained and had no knoledge The union
initiative and daring
early in the war, the
Union ultimately First Battle of Bull Run…
succeeded due to First major battle of the Civil War, in which untrained Northern troops
improved military and civilian picnickers fled back to Washington
leadership, more
effective strategies,
key victories, greater Union Strategy…
resources, and the This was a called the anaconda plan
Explain how technological innovation
wartime destruction of
impacted the war.
the South’s
environment and The railroads helped transport many troops
infrastructure. and equipment fast and new weapons
helped in the war
Peninsula Campaign…
It was General George McClellan's failed effort to seize Richmond and the
confederates won

Second Battle of Bull Run…

It was the Civil War battle that ended in a decisive victory for Confederate

General Winfield Scott’s strategy turned out

to be the winning strategy, although it wasn’t
Antietam….. taken seriously at the time. Explain why it
This was the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on was mocked early in the war.
Northern soil
the Anaconda Plan which was to surround
ports owned by southern armies wasn't an
actual military attack

Fredericksburg…
This was a battle in which the Union tried to dislodge Confederates from
their bunkers but they failed badly
How was General Grant different from
General McClellan?
Grant was the general that took risks
and succeeded

Monitor vs. Merrimac…

The union had many strategies in winning such as destroying ships so that
the union can be victorious

Grant in the West…

Grant captured a lot of forts and took many prisoner
4. Foreign Affairs and Diplomacy and The End of Slavery, pp 274-276
Key Concepts
& Main Ideas Notes Analysis

Foreign Affairs and Diplomacy… Explain why the South failed to

The North’s develop an alliance with Great
greater Britain.
manpower and without seeing a decisive
industrial Confederate military victory, the
resources, its Trent Affair… British government would not
Two diplomats were arrested on a boat to England and England started a war the us didn’t want to rick recognition.
leadership, and
have or fight
the decision for
emancipation
eventually led to
the Union
military victory
over the Confederate Raiders…
The southern purchased British ships for naval advantages and so they would have defensive
Confederacy in
the devastating
Civil War.

Lincoln’s
decision to Failure of Cotton Diplomacy…
issue the Europe got cotton from other sources such as Egypt and India and a big setback at Antietam played
Emancipation a role in this
Proclamation
changed the
To what extent was the
purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation
war, enabling responsible for the South’s failed
many African The End of Slavery… “cotton diplomacy?” Defend
Americans to Lincoln was concerned about keeping the border states and he was scared that it would get out of your answer.
fight in the hand and due to this he has banned it slaves were freed and there was
Union Army, a shortage leading to less
and helping production of cotton due to the
prevent the Confiscation Acts
Confederacy
from gaining
full diplomatic Confiscation Acts…
support from This was a series of laws passed by the federal government that were designed to liberate slaves in
European the seceded states
powers.

The 13th
Amendment
abolished Emancipation Proclamation…
slavery, bringing This proclamation was issued by Lincoln and it freed all slaves that were in the war with the union
about the war’s
most dramatic In what way was the Battle of
social and Antietam a turning point in the
war? Slaves were freed during
economic
that war
change… Consequences…
Some states didn’t free the slaves and they didn’t listen to Abraham Lincoln

Thirteenth Amendment…
It abolished slavery Explain the significance of the
54th Regiment. #Glory

It was a unit of African soldiers

 in Massachusetts that was active
Freedmen in the War… during the civil war
A lot of southern blacks walked away from slavery

5. The Union Triumphs, 1863-1865 pp 277-279

Key Concepts & Main Notes Analysis

Ideas

The North’s greater The Union Triumphs, 1863-1865… Support or refute the assertion that the Battle
manpower and of Gettysburg was a more important turning
industrial resources, point than the Battle of Vicksburg.
its leadership, and It was a more important turning point for some
in the war but for others it wast
the decision for
Turning Point
emancipation
eventually led to the Vicksburg
Union military Grant besieged the city from May 18 to July 4, 1863, until it surrendered
victory over the
Confederacy in the
devastating Civil
War.
Gettysburg… Which turning point Battle was most essential
A large battle in the American Civil War, took place in southern Pennsylvania it was the in implementing General Winfield Scotts war
Although biggest battle in the civil war known in history strategy?
Confederate Vicksburg because his strategy weakened the
leadership showed Confederacy Grant in Command
initiative and daring
early in the war, the
Union ultimately
succeeded due to
improved military Grant in Command…
leadership, more Grant's approach was to outlast Lee by fighting a war of attrition and succeeded
Explain the political impact of Sherman’s
effective strategies,
March to the Sea.
key victories,
greater resources, It broke the spirit of the Confederacy and
and the wartime weakened it
destruction of the
South’s Sherman’s March…
environment and He marched through town and he was very destructive he mainly destroyed buildings and
infrastructure. property to prove a point

Was Lincoln a popular president (while

serving as President)? Defend your answer
Election of 1864… with evidence.
It was Lincoln vs. McClellan yes he saved the Union and freed slaves and
he was very popular with the republicans

The End of the War…

The union won and the confederacy despurced

Why did General Grant treat General Lee with

such respect at the end of the war? What is
significant about this?
Surrender at Appomattox… Because he knew he wasn’t going to win
General Grant and Lee met in Appomattox Courthouse and he surrendered all
 Assassination of Lincoln…
John Wilkes assassinated Lincoln during a performance in a theater

6. Effects of the War on Civilian Life, pp 279-282

Key Concepts & Main Notes Analysis

Ideas

The Union victory Effects of the War on Civilian Life… What is the difference between a
in the Civil War scalawag and a copperhead?
and the contested Political Change…
Reconstruction of The secession created a lot of political representatives on both sides of the house Northern Radicals who moved to the
the South settled the South and Southerners who
issues of slavery cooperated with Radicals
and secession, but
left unresolved
many questions
about the power of Civil Liberties…
the federal Lincoln focused a lot on war and he did focus on people which made them made because he
government and didn’t make any good laws for the south
citizenship rights.
Explain how the Union victory
The Civil War … impacted federal politics and regional
altered power economics.
The victory and all the political
relationships
Ex Parte Milligan… commotion made people form the
between the states
Civil War Era case in which the Supreme Court ruled that military tribunals could not be used to peoples party
and the federal try civilians if civil courts were open.
government and
among the
executive,
legislative, and
judicial branches,
ending slavery and The Draft…
the notion of a The north was struggling to get soldiers so they made men join buy forcing them into it
divisible union, but
leaving unresolved
questions of relative
power and largely
unchanged social
and economic
patterns.
Political Dominance of the North…

After the civil war the supremacy of federal government was treated as a fact and there was a
new meaning for new birth of freedom

Economic Change… Both the North and the South

experienced inflation due to the war
Financing the War… (and spending). Why was inflation so
Levying taxes, issuing paper currency, borrowing Income tax for the 1st time in 1861 they also much higher in the South?
borrowed too much money that they couldn’t pay of A lot of money was circulated and
there was a shortage of food and
supplies
…

Key Concepts & Notes Analysis

Main Ideas

The Union Modernizing Northern Society… Support or refute the assertion that the
victory in the A lot of industries opened and businesses and there was a lot of new things happening that came Civil War was a Second American
Civil War and from the north but slavery was more gone Revolution. Back up your answer with
the contested evidence.
Reconstruction workers' wages didn't keep up with
of the South inflation in North and there was a tariff
placed on good due to that
settled the issues
of slavery and
secession, but
left unresolved
many questions While the Democrats are away… the Republicans will play…
about the power
of the federal a. Morrill Tariff Act
government and
citizenship
b. Homestead Act
rights.

(this section will c. Morrill Land Grant Act

be more relevant
in the next era)
d. Pacific Railway Act

Social Change… Compare and contrast the effect of

The social change and economic change brought the second American revolution War on women to the effect of War on
African Americans.
Women had more rights at the
beginning of the war but when it
finished the slave got as equal rights
as the women

End of Slavery…
This led to the south falling apart because that’s what it mainly relied on for money and for
its wealth

Contextualize & Analyze the following: Historical Context (BROAD)

& Intended Audience,
Purpose, or Point of View
Address Delivered at the Dedication of the Cemetery at Gettysburg Abraham
Lincoln November 19, 1863 H: this is talking about the address from
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Abraham Lincoln at the Gettysburg
Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil cemetery
war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a
great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those
who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The
brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or
detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did
here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here IPP: this was intended for the people that
have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us were listening to the address and the point
-- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full of view is coming from Abraham Lincoln
measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this and how he sees America is doing
nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for
the people, shall not perish from the earth.
7. Historical Perspectives: Why Did the Union Win? Page 283

Political Reasons… Economic Reasons… Demographic Reasons… Cultural Reasons…

They
The Emancipation Proclamation The north was well developed in the They had a bigger population and had
helped the north to gain support industry. They had more and better more troops that could outnumber the They had a good culture and a god
It claimed that all slaves from railroads and many other south belief and that was a benefit because it
rebellious states were free but left technological advancements that the showed that they are more capable than
slaves in the north still slaves south did not have the south

Which factor do you see as most significant to the Confederate loss? Explain your choice.
Economic reasons because if they had a better economic system they would have more money that they could spend o n troops to win the war

Historical Context (BROAD)

Contextualize & Analyze the following: & Intended Audience,
Purpose, or Point of View

H: he is talking about how yankees are the

worst and how he hates them

IPP: this is intended for any reader reading

his piece and it is to say why and how the
yankees are bad

I here declare my unmitigated hatred to Yankee rule -- to all political, social and business
connection with the Yankees and to the Yankee race. Would that I could impress
these sentiments, in their full force, on every living Southerner and bequeath them
to every one yet to be born! May such sentiments be held universally in the
outraged and down-trodden South, though in silence and stillness, until the now
far-distant day shall arrive for just retribution for Yankee usurpation, oppression
and atrocious outrages, and for deliverance and vengeance for the now
ruined, subjugated and enslaved Southern States!
...And now with my latest writing and utterance, and with what will be near my latest breath, I here repeat and
would willingly proclaim my unmitigated hatred to Yankee rule--to all political, social and business connections
with
Yankees, and the perfidious, malignant and vile Yankee race."
--Edmund Ruffin
(June 18, 1865 His lasts words before he committed suicide saying he’d rather die than live under Yankee rule.)

Taking into consideration Edmund Ruffin’s comments (he, by the way, fired the first shot at Fort Sumter), how did the Civil War impact the relationship between the North
and the South?
It made one side start to blame the other for its actions and there was a debate but
the north was stronger so it feared less

Reading Guide written by Rebecca Richardson, Allen High School

Sources include but are not limited to: 2015 edition of AMSCO’s United States History Preparing for the Advanced Placement Examination , 2012 & 2015 Revised College Board Advanced Placement United States History Framework,
The Mental Floss History of the United States by Erik Sass, HIPP writing strategy developed by John P. Irish, Carroll High School, and other sources as cited in document and collected/adapted over 20 years of teaching and collaborating..