139 Problems References 1. Riley, W.F, and Sturges, L, D., Engineering Mechanies: Dynamics, 2nd Ed, Wiley, New York, 199, 2. Tipler, P.A., Physics, Worth, New York, 1982. 3. Panton, R. L., Incompressible Flow, Wiley, New York, 1984 Problem available in WileyPLUS at instructors discretion ‘Tutoring problem available in WileyPLUS at instructor's diseretion, Problem is related 10 a chapter video aailable in WileyPLUS. +«ox) Problem to be solved with ad of programmable calculator oF computer Open-ended problem that requires critical thinking. These problems require various assumptions to provide the necessary input data. There are not unique answers to these problems. Review Problems Go (0 Appendix G (WileyPLUS or the book's website, www. wiley com/college/munson) fora sot of review problems with a= ‘Swers. Detaled solutions can be found in the Student Soltion Conceptual Questions ‘Manual and Shudy Guide for Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, by Munson etal, (© 2013 John Wiley and Sons, Ine). BC In low-speed flow, the following device is cal “The fluid velocity 8) increases inthe direction of flow. 'b) decreases inthe direction of flow ©) stays the same in the direction of flow. 8) None of the above, 3.2€ Consider constant altitude, steady flow along a streamline ‘with a flow that satisfies the assumptions necessary for Bernoulli's ‘equation. Which of the following have a constant valve along the Streamline? 18) Internal energy by) Static oF local pressure ©) Stagnation oF total press 4) Dynamic or velocity press 3.3C. ‘The stagn ion pressure For a Mud is 4) the pressure due tothe velocity of the fui, b) not detined unless the fluid is moving. ©) the total pressure when the uid is brought forest 4) the sum of the static and dynamic pressures. 34C_ Pitot tubes are placed in (Wo duets in which air is lowing nd the sate presures ofthe flows are equal. The stagnation pres sure tap and the static pressure tp are connected to manometers as shown. The manometer reading for duct A is height hy and that for duct B is 2h, The relation betwoen the velocity Vain duct A and the velocity Vy in duct B is uct 2 ro aif 2) Vp equals V2 by Ve equalsV2V,, ©) Vaequals AV, Additional conceptual questions are av the instructor's discretion, 4) Vp equals 2V,. © Vp equals Vy ble in WileyPLUS at Problems "Note: Unless specific values of required fluid propertis are given Section 3.2 F = ma along a Streamline inthe problem statement se the values found in the tables onthe inside of the front cover. Answers to the even-numbered problems are listed atthe end of the book. The Lab Problems as well as the Videos that accompany problems ean be accessed in WileyPLUS ‘or the book's website, wwwaviey-comycollege/munson, 3.1 Obiain a photograpivimage of a situation that ean be analyzed by use ofthe Bermoull equation. Print this photo and write a brief Paragraph that describes the situation involved,140 ‘32. Air lows steadily along a streamline from point 1) to point (2) ‘with negligible viscous effects, The following conditions are mea: 2 mand p= KPA at point 2) 29 10m, (0. Determine the velocity at point (1). 33. (GP Water flows steadily heough the variable area horizon tal pipe shown jn Fig. P33. The centerline velocity is given by V= 31+ 301 mys, where xis in meters. Viscous effects are neglected. (a) Determine the pressure gradient, p(s «function ‘of x) needed to produce this foe. (b) If the pressure at section (1) is 5345 kPa, determine the pressure a (2) hy (integration of the pressure jratient obtained in (2. (i) application of the Bemouli equation, a m Figure P3.3 3A. What pressure gradient along the streamline, dps, i ‘ined to accelerate water in a horizontal pipe at arate of 30 mys"? 35. (Ata given location, the airspeed is 20 ns an the pres- sute gradient along the streamline is 100 N/m’. Estimate the ar Speed ata point 0.5 m farther along. the stearline. 3.6. (Be What pressure gradient along the streamline, dps, is required o accelerate water upward in a vertical pipe at rate of ‘ans? What i the answer if the flow is downward? 37 ‘The Bemoulli equation is valid for steady inviscid, incom- pressible flows with constant acceleration of gravity. Consider flow fn a planet where the acceleration of gravity varies with height so that f = gy ~ ce Where gy and ¢ are constants. Integrate ‘na’ along a streanine to oblain the equivalent of the Bernoulli tsqution for this flow. 38. An incompressible fui flows steadily pasta circular eylinder ‘shown in Fig. P38, The fluid velocity along the dividing steam- Tine (2 == = —a) is found to be V = Vo(I ~ a/c) where a isthe radius ofthe eylinder and Vp isthe upstream velocity. (a) Determine the pressure gradient along this streamline. (b) If the lupstream pressure Is py integrate the pressure gradient to obtain the peesste p(y) for 2 = 4 = —a, (€) Show from the result of part db) that the pressure at the stagnation point (x= ~a) is Po + pV3/2, as expected from the Bernoulli equation Dividing a Th Snel m Figure P3.8 ‘39 Consider compressible liquid that has a constant bulk motu- Jus, Integrate "F = a” along a streamline to obtain the equivalent ‘ofthe Bernoulli equation fr tis flow. Assume steady, inviscid flow, Section 33 F = ma Normal to a Stream! 3.10 Obtain a photographVimage ofa situation in which Newton's ‘SEeond law applied across the streamlines (as given by Eg 3.12) CChapter 9 m@ Elementary Fluid Dynamies—The Bernoulli Equation is important. Print this photo and write a brief paragraph that de seribes the situation involved, 3. (De Air flows along a horizontal curved streamline with a 60 am radius with a speed of 30 mvs. Determine the pressure gr sient normal tothe streamline. M2 _ Gi» Water flows around the vertical two-dimensional bend ‘wth ireularsreamnes and constant elocty as shown in Fig P3.12. The presse is 40 kPa at point (1), determine the pressures at points (@)and (3) Assume thatthe velocity profil is uniform as indicated Figure P3.12 3.13. > Water flows around the vertical two-dimensional bend ‘with crear streamlines as is shown in Fig. P3.13. The pressure at ‘point (1) s measured tbe py ~ 172 kPa and the velocity atosssee- {ion aa is as indicated inthe table, Calla and plot the pressure ‘across section aa of the channel [p = p(2) for 0 = z = 0.6 m) ——— (mm) Vins) 0 0 8.06 24 02 44 0.18 60 024 59 45 25 19 u 06 0 PsrTeKa m Figure P3.13,3.14 (> Water in a container and air ina tomado flow in horizontal ctcularsteamfines of radius rand speed V as shown ‘Video V3.6 and Fig. P3.14. Determine the radial pressure er dient, apf. needed for the following situations: (a) The fui is ‘watee with ? = 0,08 em and V = 0,02 m/s. (b) The fluid sai with = 76m and V = 322 kmh, 1m Figure P3.14 {IS Air flows smoothly over the hood of your car and up past the ‘windshield. However. bug in the ar does nt follow the same path ithecomes spattered agains the windshield, Explain why this ss, Section 3.5 Static, Stagnation, Dynamic, and Total Pressure 2.16 Obtain a photographyimage of a situation in which the con- ept ofthe stagnation pressure is important. Print this photo and ‘write a brief paragraph that describes the situation involve. LAT. AL a given point on horizontal streamline in owing alr the static pressure is —13.8 kPa (ea vacuum) and the velocity is 46 mis. Determine the pressure at a stagnation point on that steealine {38 A drop of water ina zero-g environment (as inthe Intern tional Space Staion) will assume aspherical shape as shown i Fig, 3.18. A raindrop in the cartoons is typically drawn as in Fi, ALIS, The shape of an actual raindeop is more nearly Tike that shown in Fig. 3.1Re. Discuss why these shapes are as indicated, G0a » & 1m Figure P3.18 3.19 (@™ When an aleplane is fying 322 kav at 1524 m alti- ‘ude in standard atmosphere, the air velocity ata certain point fn the wing is 439 knvh relative to the airplane. (a) What suction pressure is developed on the wing at that point? ¢b) What is the pressure atthe leading edge (a stagnation point) of the wing? 3.20. (5 Some animals have learned 10 take advantage of the Bernoulli effect without having read a fluid mechanies Book. For ‘example, atypical prairie dog burrow contains two entrances—a Ta font deor and 8 mounded back door as shown in Fig. P3.20 ‘When the wind blows with velocity Vp aeross the front door, the average velocity across the back door is greater than Vy because ‘of the mound, Assume the air velocity across the back door is 1L07V), For a wind velocity of 6 ms, what pressure differences, Problems 141 P\ ~ pss are generated to provide fresh aieflow within the bur- w a 1m Figure P3.20 321 A oon isa diving bind equally at home “ying” in the ai oF water. What swimming velocity under water will produce ‘dynamic pressure equal to that when it lies inthe air at 64 kh? 322. Estimate the pressure on your hand when you hold iin the stream of air coming from te ae hose at filling station, Lis all ‘umpions and show caleulations, Waring: Do not ty this experi- ‘ments ican be dangerous! 323 A person holds her hand out of an open car window while the ‘ear drives through sill airat 105 kh, Under standard atmospheric conditions, what is the maximum pressure on her hand? What ‘would be the maximum pressure ifthe “ear” were an Indy SOO racer traveling 354 kmh? 3.24 FB" A Pitorstaic tube is used to measure the velocity of intium in a pipe. The temperature and pressure are 44°C and 172 kPa. A water manometer connected to the Pitot-statie tube indicates a reading of 5.8 em. Determine the helium velocity, Is it teasonable to consider the flow as incompressible? Explain 3.25 A Boundon-type pressure gage is used 10 measure the pressure from a Pitot ube attached 0 the leading edge of an air- plane wing. The gage is calibrated to read in kilometers per hour fat standard sea level conditions. If the airspeed meter indicates 241.4 kanvh when flying at an altitude of 3048 m, what is the tue airspeed? 43.26 Estimate the fore of a hurricane strength wind against the side of your house. List any assumptions and show all ealcu- lations 3.27 A 64 ki wind blowing past your house speeds up as it Hows up and over the roof If elevation effects are negligible, dter= ‘mine (a) the pressure atthe point on the roaf where the speed is 1966 kin i the pressure inthe fee siream blowing toward your house is 101.3 kPa, Would this effect tend to push the roof down against the house, or would it tend to lit the Foot? (b) Determine the pressure on a windew facing the wind ithe window i assumed tobe a stagnation point 3.28 (Sce Fluids in the News article titled “Pressurized eyes,” ‘Scotion 3.5.) Determine the air velocity needed to produce a st nation pressure equal f0 10 mm of mercury. Section 3.6.1. Free Jets ‘3.29 Water flows through a hole inthe bottom of large, open tank ‘ith speed of § mvs. Determine the depth of water in the tank. Vi cous effects ae negligible 1320. estimate the pressure needed atthe pamper truck in ‘onder to shoot water from the strect level onto a freon the roo of five-story building List all assumptions and show all calculations 3.31. (Ri Water flows from the faucet on the first floor of the iwikding shovsn in Fig, P3.31 with & maximum velocity of 6 m/s. For steady inviscid flow, determine the maximum water velocity142 from the basement faucet and from the faucet on the sevond floor (assume each floors 3.6 m tal). — Te, 1m Figure P3.31 332 Laboratories containing dangerous materials are often kept at a Dresre sigh less than ambient pressure so that contaminants can he filtered through an exhaust system rather than leaked through cracks ‘round doors, et. [the pressure in sch a room is 0.254 em of water below that ofthe surbunding rooms, with what velocity wil air enter the room through an opening? Assune Viscous effects are negligible. 4333 The “supersoaker" water gun shown in Fig, P3.33 ean Shoot more than 9 min the horizontal diection. Estimate the minimum pressure, p, needed inthe chamber in ord to accom: plish this, Listall assumptions and show all ealeulations. = 1m Figure P3.33, 34. (> Streams of water from two tanks impinge upon each ‘ther as shown in Fig. P3.34 If viscous effects ate negligible and point A isa stagnation point, determine the height Qr- resi 1m Figure P3.34 ‘Chapter $m Elementary Fluid Dynamies—The Bernoulli Equation 335. Several holes are punched into atin ean a 3.38, Which ofthe figures represents the va locity as it Leaves the holes? Justify your choice. Bl 1m Figure P3.35, shown in Fig. jon ofthe water ve » °@ 3.36 > Water Flows fom a pressurized tank, through a 15 em ‘diameter pipe, exts from a 5 cm diameter nozzle, and rises 6 m hove the nozzle a shown in Fig. P3.36, Determine the pressure in th tank if the Flow i steady rctonies, and incompressible 1m Figure 3.36, 337. Fe An inviscid, incompressible liquid flows steadily from ihe ange pressurized tank shown n Fig, P3.37-The velocity atthe exit is 12 ms. Determine the specific gravity ofthe liguid in the tank Qew hem Ua 30m Fame m Figure P3.37 Section 3.6.2 Confined Flows (also see Lab Problems 3.ILP and 33LP) 3.38 Obtain a photographyimage ofa situation that involves acon Fined flow for which the Bernoulli and continuity equations are important, Prin this photo and ite a brief paragraph that de- senbes the situation involved. 13.39 Air lows steadily through a horizontal 102 cm diameter pipe fd exit in the atmosphere though a 7.6 cm diameter nozzle. The ‘elit a the noz/le exits 45.72 ml. Determine the pressure in the Pie if viscous effets are negligible3.40. For the pipe enlargement shown in Fig. P34, the pressures ‘at sections (I) and (2) are 388.2 kPa and 401.3 KPa, respectively. Determine the weight flowrate (Ns) ofthe gasoline inthe pipe: 52tom et @ Figure P3.40, 341 FB" A fire hose nozzle has a diameter of 2.86 em. Accord- ing to some fire codes, dhe nozzle must be capable of delivering at least 946 L/min. Ifthe nozzle is attached to a 7.62 em diameter hose, what pressure must be maintained just upstear of the noz- le to deliver this flowrate? 342 (Gm Water flowing from the 1.90 em diameter outlet ‘shown in Video V8.15 and Fg, P3.42 rises 7.1 cm above the outlet. Determine the oseate I | io J 1m Figure P3.42 343 @ Pop (withthe same properties as water) flows trom a 10.16 em diameter pop container that contains three holes as shown in Fig. P3.43 (see Video 3.9). The diameter of each fluid stream is (0.38 em and te distance hetween holes s 5.08 em. If viscous elects are negligible and quasi-steady conditions are assumed, determine the time at which the pop stops draining from the top hole, Assume the pop surface is 5.08 em above the top hole when ? = 0, Compare ‘your ress with the time you measure from the video. Sutceat1=0) | joasem m Figure P3.43, Problems 143 3.44 Water flows steadily through the large tanks shown in Fig. 3.4. Determine the water depth, hy + 0.05 ameter Figure P3.44 3.45 Water (assumed inviscid and incompressible) flows steadily in the vertical variablearea pipe shown in Fig, P3.45, Determine the Mowrate ithe pressure in each ofthe gages reads SO KPa, hom p=s0We ro Figure P3.45, 3.46 iP» Airis drawn into a wind tunel used for testing auto ‘mobiles as show in Fig. P3.46 (a) Determine the manometer read- ing, h, when the velocity in the test section is 97 kv. Note that there is 22.5 em column of ol on the water inthe manometer. (b) Determine the difference between the stagnation pressure on the front ofthe automobile and the pressure in the test section, YY a a 2 a ais = a i P frese read 347 Natural gas (methane) flows from a 7.6 em diameter gas ‘main, through 32-5 em diameter pipe, ad into the bummer ofa fur- race at rate of 2.8 m'fa Determine the pressure in the gas main if the pressure inthe 2.5 em pipe isto be 15.2 cm of water greater than atmospheric pressure, Neplect viscous effects 3A8_ (D> Small-diameter, high-pressure liguid jets ean be ‘used to cut various materials as shown in Fig. P348. If viscous effets are negligible, estimate the pressure needed to produce 8144 chapter m Elementary Fluid Dymamies—The Bernoulli Equation (0.10 mm diameter waterjet with a speed of 700 m/s. Determine 351. Water flows through the pipe contraction shown in Fig. P3.51 the flowrate For the given (12 m difference in manometer level, determine the flowrate a function ofthe diameter ofthe smal pipe, D. 1m Figure P3.51 352. (&E™ Water lows through the pipe contraction shown in Fig. P3.52. For the given 0.2 m difference in the manometer level, determine the flowrate aa funetion of the diameter ofthe small, 1m Figure P3.48 pipe, D. 349 Water (assumed frictionless and incompressible) flows ‘SMeadily from a large tank and exits through a vertical, constant di- meter pipe as shown in Fig. P3.49. The air in the tank is press ined to 50 kNimn®, Determine (a) the height to which the water rises (b) the water velocity in the pie, and (e) the pressure inthe horizontal part ofthe pip. 1m Figure P3.52 tive 353. Me A O15 diameter pipe discharges into a 0.10 m ‘ameter pipe. Determine the velocity head in each pipe if they fre carrying 0.12 m/s of kerosene. 3.54 (> Carbon tetrachloride flow’ in pipe of variable diam ‘ter with negligible viscous effets. At point Ain the pie the pres Sureand velocity are 138 kPa nd 9 mis, respectively. At location the pressure and velocity are 159 kPa and 4 uns, Which point is at the higher elevation and by how much? "3.58. Water flows fom a 20 mm diameter pipe with a flowrate Q as shown in Fig. P35. Plot the diameter ofthe water stream, das 2 Tanetion of distance below the faucet, for values of 0 = f= fand 0 = Q = 0.004%, Discuss the viity ofthe one-dimension: {ssumption used to calevlate d = dth, noting, in particular, the : onditions of smal and stall Q. 3.80 (i Water (assumed inviscid and incompressible) flows “Seadily with « speed of 3 nv from the large tank shown in Fig 3.50, Determine the depth, H, of the layer of fight liguid {opecific weight = 8 kN/m) that covers the water inthe tank: gun? Sim's og 4 T | oe erent 1m Figure P3.50 “Slant flowrate, Q. as shown in Fig. P3.56. If viscous effects arenegligible, determine the diameter, DX), in terms of D ithe pres- ‘sure ist remain constant throughout the pipe. hat is, p(2) =p to - 1m Figure P3.56 3.57 (@a% The circular stream of water from a faucet is observed ister tom damcerof30 mm to TO men na stnce 30 Detrmin eft 356. (BP Waters siphoned rom he tank shown in Fig: P38 She wt tarmecser innte eating of 92, Det he ZRatimum aloe af hallowed without cavation occuring, Noe th the res ofthe apo inte sand end of te barometer equals ie por ree 12:7 em diame 1m Figure P3.58 359 Waters siphoned from a tank as shown in Fig. P3.59. Deter ‘mine dhe Mlowrate and the pressure at point A, a stagnation point. 0.04 mdiameter Figure P3.59 3.60. A 50 mm diameter plastic tube is use t sion water from the large tank shown in Fig, P30, Ithe pressure on the outside ofthe ube js more than 30 KPa greater than the pressure within the tbe, the tube Problems 145 will collapse and siphon wil stop 1f viscous effets are negligible, de- termine the minimum value of sllwed without the spon sloping 4 t + 1m Figure P3.60 3.61. Water is siphoned from the tank shown in Fig P36, Deter ‘mine the flowrate from the tank and the pressure at points (1), 2), and (3) if viscous effects are negligible. Lem oareter Figure P3.61 13462 Redo Problem 3,61 if a 2.5 em diameter nozzle is placed at the -endof the tube 3.63. (He A smooth plastic, 10m long garden hose with an inside diameter of 20 mm is used to drain a wading poo! as is shown in Fig. P3.63. If viscous effets are neglected, what isthe flowrate from the pool? Figure P3.63 NGL ( Water exits a pipe asa fre jet and flows toa height above the exit plane as shown in Fig, P36, The flow is steady, in- ‘compressible, and frictionless. (a) Determine the height h (b) De- termine the velocity and pressure at section (1). ji 75.24 em dameer 10.16m domeer Figure P3.64146 ‘345. Water flows seaily froma large, closed tank as shown in Fig. P3.65. The deflection in the mercury manometer is 25 em and viscous effects are negligible. (a) Determine the volun Flowrate.(b) Determine the ae pressure i the space above the sur- face ofthe wate in the tank nom 1m Figure P3.65, 3.66 Carbon dioxide flows ata rate of 42% 10 m/s from a 7.6 m pipe in which the pressure and temperature are 138 kPa (gage) and 49°C into a 3.8 em pie. If viscous effects are neglected tnd incompressible conditions are assumed, determine the pressure inthe smaller pie. {3467 Oil of specific gravity 0:83 flows in the pipe shown in Fig. P3067. Irviscous effets are neglected, what isthe flowrate? \ 1012 em 1m Figure P3.67 3.68 Water flows steadily through the variable area pipe shove in Fig. P3.68 with negligible viscous effects, Determine the manome- ter reading, ifthe flowrate is 0.5 ms and the density ofthe ‘manometer id s 600 kg/m, Deny = £00 bg? prob = 0.08 | 1m Figure P3.68 CChapter 8 a Elementary Fluid Dynamies—The Bernoulli Equation 369 Determine the Fowrate through the pipe in Fig. P3.69. 7. = 900 hn 1m Figure P3.69 4.70 ‘The specific gravity of the manometer fluid shown in Fig P3.70 is 1.07. Determine the volume Mlowrate, O, ifthe Now is inviscid and incompressible and the flowing fluid is (a) water, (b) gasoline, or (e) air at standard conditions. > a om aden ]] someon et ral on [ete 107m] f m Figure P3.70 371 (i> Water flows steadily with negligible viscous effects itrough the pipe shown in Fig, P3.71. Tt is known that the 10.2 em diameter section of thin-walled tubing will collapse i the pressure within it becomes 1ss than 69 KPa below atmospheric pressure. Determine the maximum valve that fan have without ‘using collapse of the tubing 102mm tinal ing 1m Figure P9.71 372 Helium thos through a 0.30 m diameter horizontal pipe with a temperature of 20°C and a pressure of 200 KPa (abs) at trate of 0.30 kph. If the pipe reduces to 0.25 m diameter, deter- mine the pressure difference between these two sections. Assume incompressible, inviscid flow. 3.73 (BR Water is pumped from a lake through a 20.32 em Pipe ata rate of 2.8 m/s. It viscous effects are nepligible. what is the pressure in the suction pipe the pipe between the lake and the punnp) at an elevation 18m above the lake? 3.74 Airis drawn into small open-cireuit wing tunnel as shown in Fig. P3.74, Atmospheric pressure is 98.7 KPa (as) andthe tem perature is 27 “CI viscous effects are negligible, determine the pressure atthe stagnation point on the nose ofthe airplane. Also de- {ermine the manometer reading, f, for the manometer attached 0 the static presse tap within the fst section ofthe wind tunnel if the ar velocity within the test section i 50 ms,Tet % _ Fan HANNS = 1m Figure P3.74 3.75. Air flows through the device shown in Fig. P3.75. If the Howrate is larze enough, the pressure within the constriction ‘ill be low enough to draw the water up int the tube. Determine the flowrate, Q. and the pressure needed at section (1) to draw ‘the water into section (2). Neglect compressibility and viscous clfets 1m Figure P3.75 3.76 id» Water flows seal fom the large open tank shown in Fig. 3.76. If viscous effects are negligible, determine (a) the flowrate, Q, and (b) the manometer reading, he oom 008m Figure P3.76 LTT] Water from a faucet fills a 0.5 L glass (volume = 5X 10-* m’) in 20. the diameter of the jet leaving the faucets 15.2cm what the diameter ofthe jet when it strikes the water sur- face in the plass which is positioned 35.6 cm below the faucet? 378 © Air flows steadily through a converging-diverging ree- ‘angular channel of constant width as shown in Fig. 3.78 and Video ‘V3:10, The height ofthe channel atthe exit and the exit velocity are ‘Hy andV, respectively. The channel i o be shaped so thatthe dis- tance, that water is drawn up into tubes attached to static pressure taps along the channel wall s linear with distance along the chan- hel That sd = (dyy,/L) where Lis the channel length aM da the maaimoi water depth (atthe minimum channel eight = L). Determine the height, Has afunetion of x and the other impor- tant parameters 147 1m Figure P3.78 3.79 Water flows from a large tan and through a pipe of variable area as shown in Fig. 3.79. The area ofthe pipe is given by A\ ALL = x(1 = x02), where Apis the area atthe beginning (x = 0) and end (x = €) ofthe pipe. Plot graphs of the pressure within the Pipe asa function of distance along the pipe for water depths of f= 1,4, 10, and 25 m. 1m Figure P3.79 3.80. > If viscous effects are neglected and the tank i large, “determine the Fhowrate from the tank shown in Fig, P3.80, 0.0m 1m Figure P3.80 381 Water flows steadily downward in the pipe shown in Fig, P3.81 with nepligible losses. Determine the flowrate.Figure P3.81 ‘382. Water flows steally from a large open tank and discharges ino the atmosphere through a 76 em diameter pipe as shown in Fig. P3.2. Determine the diameter, din the narrowed section of the pipe at 4 if the pressure gages at A and B indicate the same pressure timate = 1m Figure P3.82 383. Fe Water flows fom a arg tank as shown in Fig. P33. ‘Atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa and the vapor pressure is 11.06 ‘kPa If viscous effets ate neglected, at what height, will cavtae ‘ion begin? To avoid cavitation, should the value of D be increased ‘or decreased? To avoid cavitation, should the value of D, be in- ‘creased oF decreased? Explain. by=102e0> Dyn25em y= 800m 1m Figure P3.03, 384 € (> Water flows into the sink shown in Fig. P3.84 and Video V5.1 at ate oF 8 min. Ide drains closed, dhe water will eventually flow through the overflow drain holes rather than over the edge of the sink. How many 1.0 em diameter drain holes are needed to ensure that the water does not overflow the ink? Neglet viscous effets Dynamies—tThe Bernoulli Equation Figure P3.84 385 (i What pressure, py is needed to produce a flowrate of 2.5. 10" m'/s from the tank shown in Fig. P3857 oom Lim 0.02 dametr + m Figure P3.85, |386 The vent om the tank shown in Fig. P3.86 is closed and the tank pressurized to inerease the flowrate. What pressure, py is needed 10 produce twice the Mlowrate of that when the vents open? Figure P3.86, 387 (GE Water is siphoned from the tank shown in Fig. P3.87. Determine the flowrate from the tank and the pressures at points (1,2) and (3) if viscous effects are negligible.Figure P3.87 3.88 (&iP Waters siphoned from a large tank and discharges ino ‘he atmosphere through a 5.08 em diameter tube as shown in Fig. P38, The end ofthe tube is 0.9 m below the tank bottom, and vis- cous effects are negligible. (a) Determine the volume flowate from the tank. (b) Determine the maximum height, H, over whieh the ‘water can be siphoned without cavitation occuring. Atmospheric pressure i 101.3 kPa, and the wate vapor pressure i 1.8 KPa 3.89. (i Determine the manometer reading, hy for the flow Shown in Fig. P3.89, | oa nf ” 0.05 m diameter Figure P3.89 3.90 Water flows steadily from the pipe shown in Fig. P3.90 with negligible viscous effects. Determine the maximum flowrate if the Wate is ot fo flow from the open vertical tube at A 149 2.90 ° 0.04 m dante nate 1 Figure P3.90 3.91. JP-4 fuel (SG = 0.77 flows through the Venturi meter Shown in Fig. P3.91 with a velocity of 46 mis in he [3.2 cm pipe. If viscous effects are negligible, determine the elevation, fof the fuel in the open tube connected tothe throat ofthe Venturi meter. m Figure P3.91 ‘392 (Ge Water, considered an inviscid, incompressible Nuid, ‘ows steadily as shown in Fig, P3.92, Determine h 7. ie Q=11.3 «107 mis, b vite f eas mdm a mana 09m 1m Figure P3.92 ‘393 (&e Determine the flowrate trough the submerged orifice ‘Shown in Fig, P39 if the contraction coelicent is C, = 0.63.150 1m Figure P3.93, 3.94. Anancient device for measuring time is shown in Fig. P3.94 ‘The axisymmetric vessel is shaped so thatthe water level falls ata ‘constant rate. Determine the shape ofthe vessel, R= RU). ifthe ‘water level sto decrease at arate of 0.10 mb and the drain hole is $3.0 mm in diameter. The device isto operate for 12h without need- ing refilling, Make a scale drawing of the shape of the vessel 50mm dameet Figure P3.94 3.95 A long water rough of wiangular cross section is formed from {ovo planks ss shovwn in Fig, P3.95, A gap of 0.254 cm remains at the junction of the two planks. If the water depth initially was 0.6 m ht Tonga time does it ake Fr the water depth to reduce 0 0.3 m? 0.254 m-th + m Figure P9.95 93.96 A spherical tank of diameter D has a drain hoe of diameter dats bottom A vent atthe top of the tank maintains atmospheric presse at the liquid surface within the tank. The flow is quasi- fend and inviscid an the tank is fll f water intially. Determine the water depth asa function of time, = Mand plot graphs of ‘for tank diameters of 0.3, 1.5, 30, and 6.0 m itd = 0.0254 m. 41397 A small hole develops in the hotom ofthe stationary ow ‘oat shown in Fig, P37 Estimate the amount of time it will ake For the boat to sink. List all assumptions and show al calculations Chapter a a Elementary Fluid Dynamies—The Bernoulli Equation = Figure P3.97 {3.98 When the drain pug is pulled, water Hows from a hole in the iottom of large, open cylindrical tank. Show that if viscous ef- fects are negligible and if the How is assumed to be quasstendy. then i takes 341 times longer to empiy the entire tank than it does tempt the first half ofthe tank. Explain why this io, #399 The surface area, A, ofthe pond shown in Fig. P3.99 varies with the water depth, fy as shown inthe table. At time 2 = 0 & valve is opened and the pond is allowed to drain trough a pipe of iameter D. If viscous effects ae negligible and quasisteady con~ tltions are assumed, plot the water depth asa function of time from ‘when the valve is opened (2 = O) until the pond is drained for pipe diameters of D ~ 0.15, 0.3, 045, 0.60, 0.75, and 0:9 m. Assume westanrs dD i w Figure P29 hon) im o 3 08 1203 to xo 3 ao 2 ‘wo 3 iso FA no * 0 to on 3 van 3.100. /& Water flows through a horizontal branching pipe as “Shown in Fig. P3.100, Determine the pressure a section (3). Ayo 0.07 w? ay pes 380k @ s00am 1m Figure P3.1003.101. Water flows through the horizontal Y-fiting shown in Fig PADI, If the flowrate and pressure in pipe (1) ae Q, = 6.5 10 miJsand p; = 7.9 N/m, determine the pressures p and in pipes (2) and (3) under the assumption tht the flowrate divides evenly betvcen pipes (2) and (3). ‘a de-sen e ‘m Figure P3.101 3.102, Water flows through the branching pipe showin in Fig, 3.102. IF viscous effect are negligible, determine the pressure at Section 2) and the pressure at section (3), a 2 m Figure P3.102 3.103. (E> Water flows through the horizontal branching pipe ‘Shown in Fig. P3.103 ata rate of 0.3m. I viscous effects are neg Tigi, determine the water sped at section (2), the presse at sec ‘tion 3), and the flowrate at section (4, J oosies 4, =0.083198 ° 01-2831 » 107m 1m Figure P3.103 3.104. (> Water flows from a lage tank through a large pipe that spits into to smaller pipes as shown in Fig, P3104, ITviscons effects ae negligible, determine the flowrate fom the tank and the pressure a pont (1), mm Figure P3.104 3.105 Air, assumed incompressible and invseid, lows into the ‘outdoor cooking grill through nine holes of 1.0 cm diameter as shown in Fig. P3105. Ifa flowrate of 6,24 10-* m/s into the all s required to maintain the correct cooking conditions, deter- mine the pressure within the gril neat the holes, hoe ea 10m diameter im Figure P9.105 3.106. /@* An air cushion vehicle is supported by forcing airinto the chamber created by skit around the periphery ofthe vehicle as shown in Fig. P3.106. The air eseapes through the 7.6 cm clearance between the Iower end ofthe skirt and the ground (or water). AS- sume the vehicle weighs 44.4 KN and is essentially rectangular in shape, 9 by 20 m. The volume of the chamber is large enough so thatthe kinetic energy of the air within the chamber is negligible. Determine the flowrate, 0, neded t9 support the vehicle. IF the ground clearance were reduced to 5.1 em what flovrate would be heeded? Ifthe vehicle weight were reduced to 2.2 KN and the ground clearance maintained at 7.6 em what flowrate would be needed? 1m Figure P3.106 3.107. > Water hws from he pipe shown in Fig. P3107 asa tee jt and swvikes a cirulr a plate, The How geometry shown is axsymmetrical. Determine the flowrate and the manometer reading.152 | 1 cin tlt 4 BE Ns tT NW Aen | i fo ws Figure Po.107 3.108 Ee A conical plug is used to regulate the arflow from the Pipe shown in Fig. P31D8, The air leaves the edge ofthe cone with {uniform thickness of 02m, If viscous effects are negligible and the flowrate is 0.50 m%, determine the pressure within the pipe. we | = fl os | = 1 Figure P3.108 3109 (Ge Water flows steal from a nozzle into a large tank as Shown in Fig, P3.109. The water then flows from the tank as ajet of tiameterd. Determine the valve of dif the water level in the tank remains constant, Viscous effects are negligible. 0.046 m dameter ra Figure P3.109 3.110 A small card is placed on top of a spool as shown in Fig. P3.110. Iris not possible to blow the card of the spool by blowing fir through the hole in the center of the spool. The harder one Chapter $ Elementary Fluid Dynamiey—The Bernoulli Equation blows, the harder the card “ticks” 1 dhe spool. In fact by blowing hard enough its posible to keep the card agains the spool with the spool turned upside down. (Nore: Ht may be necessary 10 use a ‘thumb tack to prevent the card from sliding from the spool.) Ex- plain this phenomenon, a i bs i Figur P5110 MALL Observations show that i is not possible to blow the table tennis ball from the funnel shown in Fig, P3111. tn fact, ce bal ‘canbe kept in an inverted funnel, Fig P3.11 12, by blowing through it The harder one blows through the Funnel, the harder the ball is hela within the funnel, Explain this phenomenon. WA ° ® » Figure P3.111 112, Water flows down the sloping ramp shown in Fig. P3.112 ‘ith negligible viscous effets. The How is uniform at sections (1) land (2). For the conditions given show that three solutions for the ‘downstream depth, are obtained by use ofthe Bemoulli and con- timuty equations. However, show that only to of these solutions ae realistic, Determine these values Figure P3.112 3.113. Water flows in a rectangular channel tha i 2.0.m ‘wide as shown in Fig. P3.113. The upstream depth is 70 mm. The water surface rises 40 man as it passes over a portion where the {hannel bottom rises 10 mm, I viscous effects are negligible, what isthe Mowrate?m Figure P3.113, Section 3.6.3 Flowrate Measurement (also see Lab Problems 3.2LP and 34LP) 3.114 Obtain a phorographvimage ofa situation that involves some {ype of flowmeter Print this photo and waite a brief paragraph that describes the situation involved MAIS (Re A Venturi meter with a minimum diameter of 7.6 em is {o be wsed to measure the flowrate of water through a 10.2 em iameter pipe. Determine the pressure difference indicated by the pressure gage attached tothe flowmeter if the flovirate is 14% 10-* ms and viscous effets are negligible, 3.116 (HB Determine he Hlowrte trough the Venturi moter Shown in Fig, P3116 i ideal condins exist 1m Figure P3116 3.117" For what flowrate through the Venturi meter of Prob- ‘em 3.116 wil cavitation begin ip, ~ 275 KPa gage, atmospheric pressure is 101 KPa (abs). and the vapor pressure is 3.6 KPa (abs)? 3.118 What diameter orifice hole, dis needed if under ideal con- Gltions the flowrate through the orifice meter of Fig, P3.118 tobe 113 Limin of seawater with p ~ p> = 16.4 kPa? The contraction coefficient is assumed to be 0.63, ia SS is 1 Figure P3118 RIYA wot (ee Video VIOLS of eapezsidl cos ston i tnd to meas the flowrate chanel a sown Fi P19. If dhe flowrate is Qy when H = €/2, what flosrate is ex- pected when = €? oe are 1 Figure P3.119 Problems 153 3.120, The flowrate ina water channel is sometimes determined by 12 of a device called a Venturi flume. As shown in Fig, P3.120, this device consists simply ofa bump on the bottom ofthe channel IF the water surface dips a distance of 0.07 m for the conditions shown, what isthe flowrate per width ofthe channel? Assume the velocity is uniform and viscous effects are neslisile seam > we 1m Figure P3.120 3.121 Water flows under the inclined sluice gate shown in Fig, P3.121. Determine the flowrate if the gate is 2.4 m wide 18m mm Figure P3.121 Section 3.7 ‘The Energy Line and the Hydraulic Grade Line 3.122_ (i> Water flows in a vertical pipe of 0.15 m diameter ata rate of 0.2 m'fs and a pressure of 200 kPa at an elevation of 25 m. Determine the velocity head and pressure head at elevations of 20, and 551m, 3.123. (D> Draw the enemy line and the hydraulic grade ine for the flow of Problem 3.83, ‘3.124. Draw the energy line andl hydraulic grade line forthe flow ‘Shown in Problem 3.71 Section 3.8 Restrictions on Use of the Bernoulli Equation 3.125 Obuaina photographvimage ofa flow in which it would not ‘he appropriate to use the Bernoulli equation. Print this photo and write beet paragraph that describes the situation involved. 3.126. =» Listed below ate typical ight speeds fortwo aircraft. For which of these conditions woud it be reasonable o use the in- ‘compressible Bernoulli equation to study the aerodynamics associ Sted with thei ight? Explain, ireraft Cruise Bosing 787 31s F-22 fier 1960,154 3M27_A meteorologist uses a Pitot-statc tube to measure the wind Speed in a tomado, Based on the damage caused by the storm, the tomado is rated as EFS on the Enhanced Fujita Seale. This means that the wind speed is estimated tbe inthe range of 261 to 318 mph. Is it reasonable o se te incompressible Pitot-tube equation (Eg. 3.16) to determine the actual wind speed, or must ile effects be taken into account? Explain, Lab Problems 3M LP. This problem involves the pressure distribution between ‘parallel circular plates. To proceed with this problem, £0 10Ap- pendix H which is located in WileyPLUI or on the book's website, ‘wav. wiley-convcollege/munson, 42 LP This problem involves the calibration of a nozzle-type TTowmeter: To proceed with this problem, go 19 Appendix H which is located in WileyPLUS or on the book's website, www.wiley. ccomcollege/munson, 3.3 LP. This problem involves the pressure distribution in 2 two ‘dimensional channel. To proceed with this problem, g0 « Appen dx H which is located in WileyPLUS or on the book's website, ‘wv wviley.concolege/munson, 34 LP. This problem involves the determination of the flowrate landera sluice gate a a function of the water depth, To proceed with {his problem, go to Appendix H which i loated in WileyPLUS or ‘on te book's website, orw.viley-convcollege/munson, W Lifelong Learning Problems SLL The concept ofthe use ofa Pitoe-statie tube co measure the Airspeed of an airplane is rather straightforward. However, the (Chapter $f Elementary Fluid Dynamics—The Bernoulli Equation design and manufacture of reliable, accurate, inexpensive Pitot ‘whe airspeed indicators is not necessarily simple, Obtain in formation about the design and construction of modera Pitotstati tubes. Summarize you findings in a brief repor. 3.2L In recent years damage due to hurricanes has been signif icant, particulary in the southeastern United States. The low baro metric pressure, high winds, and high tides generated by hurt canes ean combine to cause considerable damage. According to some expert, in the coming years hursieane frequency may in frease because of global warming. Obtain information about the fuid mechanics of hurricanes. Summarize your findings ina brief report. 33 LL. Orifice, nozzle or Venturi flowmeters have been used for ‘Tong time to predict accurately the Nowrate in pipes. However re= ‘ently there have been several new concepts suggested or used for such Hlowrate measurements. Obtain information about new meth= ‘ds to oblain pipe flowrate information, Summarize your findings ina bot repor 34 LL. Ulta-high-pressure, thin jets of liquids ean be used to ft various materials ranging from leather to steel and beyond. ‘Obvain information about new methods and techniques proposed for liquid jet cutting and investigate how they may alter various manufactaring processes, Summarize your Findings in a brit repo. BFE Exam Problems ‘Sample FE (Fundamentals of Engineering) exam question fr fluid mechanics are provided in WileyPLUS or on the book's website ‘ww wsviley-comvcellege/munson.