CEB711

Structural Design II
School of Building and Civil Engineering

Introduction Book

Written By

Maika P V Tuicakau
CEST – School of Building and Civil Engineering
Published by
Fiji National University
College of Engineering Science and Technology
Samabula

http://www.fnu.ac.fj

© Fiji National University, 2019

Copyrighted materials reproduced herein are used under the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968 as
amended, or as a result of application to the copyright owner.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieved system or transmitted in any form or
by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior permission.

Produced by Learning Resources Development using the ICE Publishing System

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CEB711 STRUCTURAL DESIGN II CEST-SBCE
Introduction:
Bula Vinaka! and welcome to CEB711 Structural Design II. This book introduces the
course CEB711 Structural Design II. It contains general information about the
technical content of the course together with details of the assessment scheme, a
suggested study program and other information. It should provide answers to most
of the questions you are likely to have; consequently, keep it handy and refer to it
regularly throughout your study of the course.
There are two assignments in this course. The assignments are a mixture of
individual and team based projects, details of these assignments will be release on
the course Study Desk throughout the semester at appropriate dates. It is your
responsibility to check your Class Share on Moodle.

Course Description
Engineers are expected to design various types of foundations for buildings and
other infrastructures such as bridges, jetties, retaining walls etc. Engineers must be
able to design the foundations by utilising their knowledge relevant to geotechnical
engineering, reinforced concrete design principles and various adverse loading
considerations. This course will enable you to understand the principles of
foundation design, design of various footings such as isolated, strip, combined and
also design of raft, pile foundations and design of surface structures. Also you will
learn the design of cantilever and counter fort retaining wall. At the end of the
course you will be able to design the pavements, foundations and reinforced
concrete detailing manually and also using appropriate foundation design software.

Course Overview
Students undertaking this course should follow a range of the following suggested
learning strategies:

Private Study  Review lecture material and textbooks and

recommended readings
 Complete set problems and assignments
Lectures  Find out what you must learn
 See methods that are not in the textbook
 Follow worked examples
 Hear announcements on course changes
Assessments  Prepare and complete tests
 Complete assignment
 Prepare and complete final exam

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CEB711 STRUCTURAL DESIGN II CEST-SBCE
Course leader Maika P V Tuicakau
B.Eng Civil Engineering (Australia), MSc Structural Engineering with
Management (England), MIEAust (Civil & Structural)

Maika joined FNU as a lecturer in Civil/Structural Engineering

in 2014. He Graduated with BEng in Civil Engineering from
University of Southern Queensland, Australia and Master’s
Degree in Structural Engineering with Management from
Nottingham Trent University in England. His 10 years of
industrial experience includes roads, engineering/cadastral
surveying, geotechnical engineering, project management,
and structural engineering. Maika’s main research interests
are in Civil/Structural Optimisation, Road Management and
Lean Design/Construction Management.

Expected Learning Outcomes

After completing this course, you will:
1. Analyse and proportion the footings with the basic concepts of mathematics and
geotechnical principles.
2. Identify relevant standards of practice to fconsider loads and other foundation
requirements.
3. Design and analyse shallow foundations.
4. Design and analyse mat foundation.
5. Design and analyse pile foundations and retaining walls.
6. Compare clas room designs with the software based design and analysis.
7. Produce detailed engineering design document with clear drawings that satisfy
the requirements and specifications of the design as per the industry practice.
8. Design foundations independently as per the local environmental conditions
9. Make judgements appropriately where data is limited for design of foundations
10. Use a wide range of specialised skills in support of design of foundations.

Recommended reference materials

1. Reinforced Concrete Basics - Analysis and Design of Reinfroced Concrete
Structures, R.J. Warner, S.J. Foster and Kilpatrick.
2. Concrete Structures by Warner, Rangan, Hall & Faulkes [1998], ISBN 0 582
80247 4
3. Standards Australia 2003, Australian Standards for civil engineering students: AS
HB2.2 structural engineering.
4. Australian Standards on Concrete Structures AS 3600.
5. New Zealand Standards on Concrete Structures, NZS 3101.
6. Reinforced Concrete Structures, Analysis and Design by David Fanella, ISBN 978 -
0-07 -163834 -0.
7. Principle of Foundation Engineering, 5th Edition by Braja M. Das ISBN -534-
40752-8
8. Hibbeler, RC, 2010, Engineering mechanics dynamics, 12th edn, SI Units.
9. Foster, SJ, Kilpatrick, AE & Warner, RF 2010, Reinforced concrete basics, analysis
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CEB711 STRUCTURAL DESIGN II CEST-SBCE
 and design of reinforced concrete structures, 2nd edn, Pearson Prentice Hall,
Frenchs Forest.
10. Hibbeler, RC, 2010, Engineering mechanics dynamics, 12th edn, SI Units.
11. Resource materials provided by the instructor

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CEB711 STRUCTURAL DESIGN II CEST-SBCE
Study schedule
Weeks Topics To be Covered Activity/Reading Assessment
nd th
2 July – 6 July
ORIENTATION WEEK
1
8th Jul – 12 July
Reminder: Enrolment with Penalty
2
15th Jul – 19th July
3 Introduction to SDII Assignment 1
22nd Jul ‐ 26th July available on the
Moodle
4 Foundation (Shallow Start work on
29th July – 2nd Aug & Deep) Assignment
5
5th Aug – 9th Aug
6 Design Procedure Test 1
th
12th Aug ‐ 16th Aug 12 August
Test 1 – 10%

7  Detailing Assignment 1
th
19th Aug – 23rd Aug Due: 19
August 2019
8 MID-SEMESTER BREAK
26th Aug – 30th Aug 26th Aug – 30th Aug
9  Design Pavement Assignment 2
nd
2 Sep ‐ 6th Sep (Road, Airfield & available on the
Heavy Duty) Moodle
10  Cont’d
9th Sep – 13th Sep
11  Cont’d
16th Sep – 20st Sep
12  Retaining Structures Test 2
rd
23th Sep ‐ 27th Sep 23 September
Test 2 – 10%

13  Cont’d
30th Sep ‐ 4th Oct
14  Advanced Structures Assignment 2
th
7th Oct – 11th Oct Due: 7
October 2019
15  Cont’d
14th Oct – 18th Oct
16 REVISION
st
21 Oct – 25 th Oct
th th
17-18 EXAMINATION WEEK(28 October – 8 November)

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CEB711 STRUCTURAL DESIGN II CEST-SBCE
Topics Summary

Module Topics Remarks

1 Introduction to Structural Design
2 Shallow Foundation
3 Deep Foundation
4 Pavement – Road and Airstrip
5 Heavy Duty Pavement
6 Retaining Walls
7 Advanced Structures

Lectures and Tutorials

Monday (5pm – 7pm – Lecture @ A310

(7pm - 8pm – Tutorial @ A310)
Tuesday (5pm - 7pm – Lecture @ A310
(7pm – 8pm – Tutorial @ A310)

Plagiarism:
Beware! An assignment that includes plagiarised material will receive a 0% Fail, and
students who plagiarise may fail the course. Students who plagiarise are also liable
to disciplinary action, including exclusion from enrolment. Plagiarism is the use of
another person’s work or ideas as if they were your own. When it is necessary or
desirable to use other people’s material you should adequately acknowledge whose
words or ideas they are and where you found them (giving the complete reference
details, including page number(s)).

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CEB711 STRUCTURAL DESIGN II CEST-SBCE
Assessment
Important Information
Before starting please review the policy of College of Engineering and Science
(CEST).
“All assessable work in a course is to be the individual student’s own work, unless
advised otherwise in the Course Specification. It is unacceptable for students to
share solutions to assessable work on this Moodle site, or in any other manner.
Violations of this principle are regarded as Academic Misconduct and will be dealt
with under the FNU Academic Regulations."
For guidance on what constitutes Academic Misconduct and its various categories,
at FNU refer to the FNU Student Academic Misconduct Policy available at the FNU
website:

By submitting this assignment, you hereby certify that:

The submission is entirely your own work except where due acknowledgement is
made in the text and that no part has been copied from any other person’s work.
You are required to submit hard and soft copy of your work (i.e. Excel and Word).
Document must be Zipped and renamed as ID#_SURNAME_firstname_CEB805,
marks will be deducted if instructions are not followed.

Submit your assignments with a FNU COVER SHEET, this shows that you have
read and understood the FNU plagiarism policy.

Assessment details
The assessment for this course consists of two assignments and one end-of-
semester examination. 60% Coursework and 40% Final Exam.

Description Marks out of Wtg(%) Due Date

Test 1 100 10% 12th August
Test 2 100 10% 19th August
Assignments 1 200 20% 23th September
Assignment 2 200 20% 7th October
3 hours restricted 100 40% TBA
exam

Assessment instructions and guidance

As engineers you are expected to produce reports that are well presented, accurate
and to deadlines. Attention to detail is therefore of paramount importance. The same
standards of presentation and accuracy are therefore expected with these
assignments. Note that pencil written assignments will not be marked and will be
returned to their authors. Overall presentation carries 10% of the marks allocated for
the particular assignment.

To avoid the very last ‘rush hour’, start working on the assignment as soon as you
complete the corresponding module. Questions are all identified by corresponding
modules.
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CEB711 STRUCTURAL DESIGN II CEST-SBCE
Assignment extension policy
1. Definitions
An assignment is a piece of work allocated to a student as part of the process of
assessment of a course
The due date is the date by which a student must dispatch an assignment to the
university and is normally that defined in the course specifications.
The examiner of a course may grant an extension of the due date in extenuating
circumstances.

2. Policy
The onus of the University is to provide access to learning resources so that
students have a reasonable time frame within which to complete assignments.
The onus of the student is to organise their affairs so that they can achieve the
educational objectives of the course and submit assignments for assessment no
later than the due date.

Failure to meet the due date will normally incur a penalty unless extenuating
circumstances can by demonstrated by documentary evidence.
If you were unable to meet the date for submission of an assignment and wish to
appeal against the application of the prescribed penalty for late submission, you
should:
Submit the assignment as soon as possible after the due date, having completed the
‘Explanation for late submission’ on the assignment folder and attach documentary
evidence in support of your appeal.
It is emphasised that such appeals will only be upheld where:
 The student can establish that late submission was due to exceptional and
unforeseen circumstances beyond the control of the student.
 Documentary evidence, endorsed by an independent third party such as a
medical practitioner or employer, is provided.

Examination
The end-of-semester examination will be a 3 hour restricted examination covering
the entire course. Its sole purpose is to ascertain the extent to which you have
achieved the objectives of the course as detailed in the course specification. You are
allowed to use a programmable pocket calculator capable of performing advanced
matrix calculations (including matrix multiplication, matrix inversion, and matrix
transposition) in the final examination. Laptops, notebooks or personal computers
will not be allowed in the final examination.

Course content of this subject has undergone a major revision in 2014. Therefore, it
is not advised to use the past examination papers before 2008 as a guide to the final
examination.

It is important to note that it is up to the Examiner and the Moderator to choose the
format and standard of the exam.

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CEB711 STRUCTURAL DESIGN II CEST-SBCE
Sample - Exam Paper

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CEB711 STRUCTURAL DESIGN II CEST-SBCE
 FIJI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
[Derrick Campus]

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING
BACHELOR IN ENGINEERING CIVIL ENGINEERING (HON), YEAR 4
CEB801 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS
FINAL EXAM SEMESTER 1/2019
DURATION OF EXAMINATION: THREE (3) HOURS PLUS 10 MINUTES READING TIME

Instructions to Students

1. You are allowed 10 minutes EXTRA reading time to familiarize, evaluate and
study the requirements being asked in all the problems before starting to write
your solutions.

2. Begin each answer on a fresh page avoiding too many erasures and use both
sides of the answer sheet.

3. Write your candidate number at the top right of each attached answer sheet.

4. Write clearly the number[s] of the question[s] attempted on the top of each sheet.

5. Insert all written foolscap, graph paper, drawing paper, etc. in their correct sequence and
secure with string.

6. Candidates are warned not to open any lecture notes during the examination.
Any attempt to do so and caught shall be subject to academic disciplinary action.
But, the design CODE BOOKS (AS1170, AS1720 AS3600, AS4100, and
HB2.2-2002) are allowed during the examination with the consent of
teacher.

7. Use black or blue ball pen only in answering, pencils are not allowed, except for
drawing figures.

8. Attempt ALL questions.

 Question Paper (Total Number of Pages = 4 Pages)

 Attachment: Formula Sheet ( No. of Pages = 1 Page)

***************************************************

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CEB711 STRUCTURAL DESIGN II CEST-SBCE
Question 1– Preliminaries (20 Marks)
1. Clearly explain (with the aid of Diagrams if appropriate) the following terms:
i) Net pressure
ii) Terzaghi’s bearing capacity equations
iii) Punching shear
iv) Triaxial test
v) Meyerof’s bearing capacity equations
(10 Marks)
2. Briefly describe the main issues, associated with engineering geology, of
FIVE of the following events. (If more than five are answered, only the first five
will be marked).
a) Teton dam failure
b) Vaiont dam landslide
c) Leaning tower of Pisa
d) Settlement of the Palace of Fine Arts, Mexico City
e) Flooding in New Orleans 2005
f) Aberfan tip collapse
g) Schoharie Creek bridge collapse
(10 Marks)

Question 2– Isolated Footing (20 Marks)

Design a square spread footing for a column 600mm x 500mm carried a service
dead load of 3500kN and service live load of 1500kN. The allowable bearing
pressure for the foundation is 450kPa and the concrete strength is 32Mpa.

Question 3– Combined Footing (20 Marks)

Design a combined footing for two columns (400x400mm) which are 3m apart. The
allowable bearing pressure for the foundation is 400kPa and the concrete strength is
32 MPa. The service loads carried by two columns are;
- Column A: G = 1700kN. Q = 970kN
- Column B: G = 2250kN. Q = 1010kN

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CEB711 STRUCTURAL DESIGN II CEST-SBCE
Question 4– Multi Story Office – Foundation Design (40 Marks)

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CEB711 STRUCTURAL DESIGN II CEST-SBCE
 13
CEB711 STRUCTURAL DESIGN II CEST-SBCE
Client’s requirements:
1. The client requires a 9-storey office building in a modern office complex of a city
centre. The building has overhangs to both front and rear elevations and a setback
in the middle third in the longitudinal direction above Level 5. See figure Q4-1 and
Q4-2.
2. Level 1 needs to include a column free zone as indicated. The column spacing in the
rest of level 1 and upper floors shall not be less than 8m.
3. Level 1 needs to include a column free zone at level 1 and 2.55m elsewhere. The
total height of the building including a 2.5m high roof screen wall shall not exceed
37.50m. The roof is flat and accommodates plant except in the middle third. A
mechanical services zone of at least 0.45m deep shall be allowed for at each level.
However this could be ignored if service ducts of 350mm can be run through the floor
structure.
4. A minimum fire resistance period of 2 hours is required for structural elements.
Imposed Loadings
5. Offices 2.0kN/m2 + 1.5kN/m2 for partitions
Ground floor 5.0kN/m2
Roof plant 4.0kN/m2
Roof generally 0.6kN/m2
Corridors/stairs 04.kN/m2
Site Conditions
6. The site is flat. Basic wind speed is 60m/s based on a 3 second gust; the equivalent
mean hourly wind speed is 30m/s.
Ground Conditions
0.0m – 1.5m - Made ground
1.5m – 5.0m - Medium dense sand (N=20)
Below 5.0m - Very dense sand and gravel (N=50)
Ground water was encountered at 3.0m below ground level.
Omit from consideration
7. Detailed design of staircase/lift, and façade cladding
Design requirements:
a) Prepare a design appraisal with appropriate sketches indicating two distinct and
viable solutions for the proposed structure including foundations. Indicate clearly
the functional framing, load transfer and stability aspects of each scheme. Identify
the solution you recommend, giving reason for your choice.
(10 Marks)
b) Prepare sufficient design calculations to establish the form and size of all the
principal structural elements (Critical members only) including slab, beam, column
& foundation. Sketch where possible. (30 Marks)

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CEB711 STRUCTURAL DESIGN II CEST-SBCE
Formula Sheet

The End
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CEB711 STRUCTURAL DESIGN II CEST-SBCE
Sample - Exam Paper

16
CEB711 STRUCTURAL DESIGN II CEST-SBCE
 FIJI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
[Derrick Campus]

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING
BACHELOR IN ENGINEERING CIVIL ENGINEERING (HON), YEAR 4
CEB812 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DESIGN
FINAL EXAM SUMMER/2018/19
DURATION OF EXAMINATION: THREE (3) HOURS PLUS 10 MINUTES READING TIME

Instructions to Students

9. You are allowed 10 minutes EXTRA reading time to familiarize, evaluate and
study the requirements being asked in all the problems before starting to write
your solutions.

10. Begin each answer on a fresh page avoiding too many erasures and use both
sides of the answer sheet.

11. Write your candidate number at the top right of each attached answer sheet.

12. Write clearly the number[s] of the question[s] attempted on the top of each sheet.

13. Insert all written foolscap, graph paper, drawing paper, etc. in their correct sequence and
secure with string.

14. Candidates are warned not to open any lecture notes during the examination.
Any attempt to do so and caught shall be subject to academic disciplinary action.
But, the design CODE BOOKS (AS3600) are allowed during the examination
with the consent of teacher.

15. Use black or blue ball pen only in answering, pencils are not allowed, except for
drawing figures.

16. Attempt all questions.

 Question Paper (Total Number of Pages = 3 Pages)

 Attachment: Formula Sheet ( No. of Pages = 5 Page)

***************************************************

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CEB711 STRUCTURAL DESIGN II CEST-SBCE
Section A – Definitions & Short Answers (25 Marks)

Q1 Clearly explain (with the aid of Diagrams if appropriate) the following Bridge
Engineering terms:
I. Structural Optimisation
II. Trackbed
III. Capping
IV. Track Gauge
V. Sleepers

(10 Marks)
Q2 Sketch and label the cross section of a Railway Track system and explain the
structural loading system of the railway.
(5 Marks)

Q3 Explain Civil Engineering optimisation and conventional design with

examples.
(5 Marks)

Q4 Define Finite Element Analysis and give examples to support your definition.
(5 Marks)

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CEB711 STRUCTURAL DESIGN II CEST-SBCE
Section B – Long Answers (75 Marks) - Answer any Three (3) question(s)

Question 1 – Ports/Heavy Duty Pavement – 25 Marks

The heavy-duty pavement is to be designed to withstand a five-high container handling
facility where the containers are handled by Reach Stackers of un-laden weight
69480kg. The Reach stackers handle 12.15m (40ft) containers. The Reach Stackers
have two wheels at each end of their front axle at 680mm centres. The distance
between the two inner front axle wheel centres is 2520mm.
Design the pavement for a 30-year design life with 165 passes over one spot each day.
Provide two material options for the pavement base. Assume the design California
Bearing Ratio (CBR) of the subgrade is 4%.

Use the tables and chart in Appendix A for your design calculations.

Question 2 – Airfield Pavement – 25 Marks

An airfield concrete pavement is laid on a subgrade with a modulus of subgrade
reaction k= 30MN/m2. The aircraft for which the pavement has been designed is the
DC10-30.
Determine the design Aircraft Classification Number (ACN) and the Pavement
Classification Number (PCN) of the pavement.
Use the tables and chart in Appendix B for your design calculations.

Calculate the mixed traffic flow and total coverages to design a new runway and the
main taxiway at an international airport used by a wide range of aircraft as given in
Table 2.
Assume 20-year design life and flexible construction with subgrade California Bearing
Ratio (CBR) 10%.
Aircraft Departures/year
Boeing 747-200 3,920
Douglas DC10-30 1,210
Lockheed L1011-200 2,832
Airbus A300-B4 1,250
Boeing 707-320B 5,320
Boeing 727 – 200 3,920
Boeing 737 - 200 29,210

Use the tables and chart in Appendix C for your design calculations.

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CEB711 STRUCTURAL DESIGN II CEST-SBCE
 Question 3 – Retaining Wall – 25 Marks
The cross section of cantilever retaining walls is shown in the Figure. Calculate the
factors of safety with respect to overturning and sliding. Also compute bearing
pressures at the toe and heel of the wall. Use k1 and k2 = 2/3 and γconcrete =
23.58kN/m3. Pp is not ‘0’.

α
X5 5

γ1= 18kN/m3
1 Ǿ1 = 2840 H
C’1 = 0
2

D
X4
3
γ2= 18kN/m3
Ǿ2 = 300
X1 X2 X3
WALL DIMENSIONS: C’2 = 33kN/m2
X1 = 0.7m H = 6m
X2 = 0.7m D = 1m Note:

X3 = 2.6m α = 100 1. Soil Properties for computing Ultimate

Soil Bearing Capacity of Soil.
X4 = 0.7m 2. Soil properties for computing F.S vs
sliding.
X5 = 0.5m

Question 4 (25 Marks) – Footing

Design a square spread footing for a column 600mm x 500mm carried a service dead
load of 3500kN and service live load of 1500kN. The allowable bearing pressure for
the foundation is 450kPa and the concrete strength is 32Mpa.

The End

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CEB711 STRUCTURAL DESIGN II CEST-SBCE
APPENDIX A

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CEB711 STRUCTURAL DESIGN II CEST-SBCE
 22
CEB711 STRUCTURAL DESIGN II CEST-SBCE
APPENDIX B

APPENDIX C

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CEB711 STRUCTURAL DESIGN II CEST-SBCE
CEB711 – Structural Design II

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CEB711 – Structural Design II

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