L 4 6 Geology of Bangladesh

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Lecture: 04-06

Geology of Bangladesh
Presentation Outline

❑ Geological Time Scale


❑ Evolution of Bengal Basin in Terms of Plate Tectonics
❑ Structural Framework of Bangladesh
❑ Stratigraphy of Bangladesh
The geologic time scale (GTS)
is a system of chronological
dating that relates geological
strata (stratigraphy) to time.
It is used by geologists,
paleontologists, and other
Earth scientists to describe
the timing and relationships of
events that have occurred
during Earth's history.
Sedimentary Basin: a kind of depression in the earth’s crust that
may be filled later with sediments coming through the rivers from
the surrounding highland or mountains.
Stratigraphy: Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with
the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification). It is
primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic
rocks.
Stratigraphy has two related subfields: lithostratigraphy
(lithologic stratigraphy) and biostratigraphy (biologic
stratigraphy).
Lithostratigraphic Units: Based 0n lithology or rock types;
Supergroup, Group, Formation, Member, Bed
Formation: a unit of layers of uniform rock types mappable at the
surface and or traceable in the subsurface. A formation may be
composed of single rock type like Sandstone or it may be
composed of two or more rock types like alternating layers of
Sandstone and Shale as long as it is distinctive compared to the
unit above and below.
Lithology: is the physical characteristics of sediments, rocks, and
rock types present in a stratigraphic division of earth. Physical
characteristics include colour, texture, grain size, and
composition.
Evolution of Bengal Basin in terms of plate tectonics
Reference Book Page 17-18
Structural framework of Bengal Basin
1. Stable Platform
❑Rangpur Saddle (Dinajpir Shield)
❑Bogra Shelf
2. Deep (Geosynclinal Basin)
❑The Foldbelt
❑The Foredeep
3. Hinge Zone
Shield: is generally a large area of exposed Precambrian
crystalline igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks that form
tectonically stable areas.
Platform: is a continental area covered by relatively flat or gently
tilted, mainly sedimentary strata, which overlie a basement of
consolidated igneous or metamorphic rocks of an earlier
deformation. Platforms, shields and the basement rocks together
constitute Cratons.
Stratigraphic Units of Bangladesh
1. Stratigraphy of Stable Platform
2. Stratigraphy of Deep Basin
Stratigraphy of Stable Platform
Stratigraphy of Deep Basin

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