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    Chapter 4. Describing Teachers. Harmer

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    Anjeli sukma
    The document discusses 8 translation methods: 1) Word for word, 2) Literal, 3) Faithful, 4) Semantic, 5) Adaptation, 6) Free, 7) Idiomatic, and 8) Communicative. Each method is defined and an example is provided to illustrate how it differs from a word-for-word translation. The key aspects are maintaining various levels of form and meaning from the source language, from being tightly bound to the source text to prioritizing the target language reader's understanding.

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    Chapter 4. Describing Teachers. Harmer

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    Anjeli sukma
    37 views4 pages
    The document discusses 8 translation methods: 1) Word for word, 2) Literal, 3) Faithful, 4) Semantic, 5) Adaptation, 6) Free, 7) Idiomatic, and 8) Communicative. Each method is defined and an example is provided to illustrate how it differs from a word-for-word translation. The key aspects are maintaining various levels of form and meaning from the source language, from being tightly bound to the source text to prioritizing the target language reader's understanding.

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    The document discusses 8 translation methods: 1) Word for word, 2) Literal, 3) Faithful, 4) Semantic, 5) Adaptation, 6) Free, 7) Idiomatic, and 8) Communicative. Each method is defined and an example is provided to illustrate how it differs from a word-for-word translation. The key aspects are maintaining various levels of form and meaning from the source language, from being tightly bound to the source text to prioritizing the target language reader's understanding.

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    Chapter 4. Describing Teachers. Harmer

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    Anjeli sukma
    The document discusses 8 translation methods: 1) Word for word, 2) Literal, 3) Faithful, 4) Semantic, 5) Adaptation, 6) Free, 7) Idiomatic, and 8) Communicative. Each method is defined and an example is provided to illustrate how it differs from a word-for-word translation. The key aspects are maintaining various levels of form and meaning from the source language, from being tightly bound to the source text to prioritizing the target language reader's understanding.

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    NAME : HOLILLULLAH

    NIM : 1988203014

    TRANSLATION METHOD

    A. DEFINITION TRANSLATION METHOD

    1. The translation method refers to the way a particular translation process is carried out in terms of the
    translator's objectives, that is, global options affecting the entire text. (Molina dan Albir, 2002:507)

    2. The translation method means the translation method used by the translator in expressing the overall
    meaning of the source language into the target language (Syihabuddin, 2005:68).

    3. The translation method can be seen from the point of emphasis on the source language and target
    language. (Newmark, 1988:45-47)

    4. Translation method is The replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual
    material in another language. (Catford, 1965:20)

    B. TRANSLATION METHOD

    1. Word for word translation

    In the word for word translation method, usually Tsa words are put directly under the Tsu version or it is
    called interlinear translation. This method of translation is very tied to the level of words, so that the
    word order is very well maintained. In doing their job, the translator only looks for the equivalent of the
    word SL in TL. The word order in the translation sentence is exactly the same as the word order in the SL
    sentence. Each word is translated one by one based on general meaning or out of context, while words
    related to culture are translated literally. (Catford, 1978:25)

    Example :

    • Tsu : I like that clever student.

    Tsa : "Saya menyukai itu pintar anak".

    so the correct sentence must be : ”Saya menyukai anak pintar itu.”

    2. Literal Translation

    Literal translation or also known as linear translation lies between word-for-word translation and free
    translation. In the translation process, the translator looks for grammatical constructions of SL that are
    equivalent to or close to TL. this literal translation is independent of context. This translation was initially
    carried out like a word-for-word translation, but the translator then adjusted the order of the words
    according to TL grammar. (Soemarno, 1983:25;)

    Example :
    • Tsu : His hearth is in the right place.

    Tsa : Hatinya berada di tempat yang benar.

    should be translated as : "Hatinya tentram"

    3. Faithful translation

    In faithful translation, the translator seeks to reproduce the contextual meaning of the original text
    accurately within the boundaries of the grammatical structure of the target text. Here culturally charged
    words are translated, but grammatical distortions and word choice persist or are ignored. This
    translation sticks to the aims and objectives of ST, so that the translation results sometimes feel stiff and
    often foreign (Newmark, 1988:46;)

    Example :

    • Tsu : Ben is too well aware that he is naughty.

    Tsa : Ben menyadari terlalu baik bahwa ia nakal.

    4. Semantic translation

    Semantic translation is more flexible than faithful translation. Faithful translation is more rigid and does
    not compromise with TL rules or is more tied to SL, while semantic translation is more flexible with TL.
    (Newmark, 1988:46;)

    Example :

    • Tsu : He is a book-worm.

    Tsa : Dia (laki-laki) adalah seorang yang suka sekali membaca.

    should be translated as : "Dia seorang kutu buku".

    5. Adaptation (saduran)

    Adaptation is called the freest form of translation and the closest to TL. Indeed, this adaptation
    translation is widely used to translate poetry and drama. Here there was a cultural shift from TL to SL
    and the original text was rewritten and adapted into TT. (Newmark, 1988:46)

    Example :

    • Tsu : Hey Jude, don’t make it bad

    Take a sad song and make it better

    Remember to let her into your heart

    Then you can start to make it better


    Tsa : Kasih, dimanakahMengapa kau tinggalkan aku

    Ingatlah-ingatlah kau padaku

    Janji setiamu tak kan kulupa

    6. Free translation

    Free translation is a translation that prioritizes the content rather than the source text form. Usually this
    method is in the form of a paraphrase that is longer than the original form, intended to make the
    content or message more clearly accepted by TL users. The translation is wordy and lengthy, even the
    translation looks like it is not a translation. (Soemarno, 2001:33-37)

    Example :

    • Tsu : The flowers in the garden.

    Tsa : Bunga-bunga yang tumbuh di kebun.

    terjadi pergeseran yang disebut dengan shunt up (langsir ke atas), karena dari frase preposisi in the
    garden menjadi klausa "yang tumbuh di kebun".

    7. Idiomatic translation

    idiomatic translation uses the natural form in the TL text, according to its grammatical construction and
    lexical choices. A truly idiomatic translation does not look like the translation. The results of the
    translation seem as if they were written directly from a native speaker. (Choliludin, 2006:222-225)

    Example :

    • Tsu : Salina!, Excuse me, Salina!

    Tsa : Salina!, Permisi, Salina!

    8. Communicative translation

    Communicative translation seeks to translate contextual meaning in SL texts, both linguistic aspects and
    aspects of its content, so that it can be accepted and understood by readers. This method takes into
    account the principles of communication, namely the reader's platform and the purpose of translation.
    (Newmark, 1988:47 Machali, 2000:55)

    Daftar pustaka
    Mustaqim, Andika Hendra. 2016. Translation method .
    http://kitapembelajar.blogspot.com/2016/04/metode-penerjemahan-dan-contohnya.html. (21 Januari
    2021)

    Darma, Yoce Aliah. 2007. Translation method .


    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324498459_METODE_PEMBELAJARAN_PENERJEMAHAN. (21
    Januari 2021)

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