UNIT 4: NEW MEDIA

Transcript
Complete the gaps with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
Part 1
Today, I’m going to be talking about amateur journalism; in other words,
journalism practised by ordinary people, not professional journalists. For people
like you, who want to get some (1) ___________, this can be a good way to get
started, and later I’ll be offering you some practical tips to help you.
Amateur journalists are providing more and more news. I think the main cause
of this change has been the Internet. Nowadays, anyone close to an important
event can (2) ___________, and email it to a newspaper, or they can take a
photo with a digital camera or use their mobile phone to make a video film of
what’s happening.
Also, amateur journalism isn’t just for people who are in the right place at the
right time. People can now write reports and articles about things which (3)
___________, might not be interested in and post their ideas on their website
or blog. This means that all sorts of people can express their views.
Also, in the past, if you wanted to make (4) ___________, one of the few ways of
doing this was to send a letter to a newspaper, but normally newspapers only
print a few of the thousands of letters they receive each day. Now, people can
write about the things which are really important to them and the people
around them and they put it in a blog. As a result, amateur journalists often
write about something which is a local issue, and by ‘local issue’, I mean
something happening in the school in their area or the traffic in their town, but
not something necessarily of (5) ___________ interest.
Amateur journalism is (6) ___________. There are now major online
newspapers. Ohmynews in South Korea, for example, has a large number of
readers, and for this reason, they can(7) ___________and get income from this.
And, as a result, it’s become a (8) ___________.
Part 2
But how can you get involved? How can you begin to write articles which will be
published on sites like these?
Well, first you must have something interesting to say, something you want to
communicate with readers. Assuming you have this, it’s important in an article
to attract people’s attention and (9) ___________, so put the main facts first,
answering these questions: Who? Why? When? How? and Where?
Get those basic facts down to start with and get people interested. Then fill in
the details in the rest of the article: the best model is really shaped like (10)
___________. You put the most important facts at the top of the article and lots
of smaller details down below.
Remember, you want people to keep reading, so you need to hold your readers'
interest. A really good technique for doing that is to put in (11) ___________
from people who are part of the story - what they really said. You know the sort
of thing, urn, ‘Tanya, mother of two, said: "It all happened so quickly that we
didn’t have time to react.”’ Quotations bring (12) ___________.
Once you’ve written your article, go over it again to make sure that (13)
___________you quote are correct. Make sure that Tanya really has two
children and not one or three. Then, after that, once you've got your ideas down,
rewrite your article, making sure that your paragraphs don't contain more than
three sentences - people like them to be brief and (14) ___________, and this
will help to hold their attention.
And another thing to bear in mind: if they’re reading online, people will soon
stop reading your piece and start reading something else, so keep the whole
article brief. Don’t put in (15) ___________- just let your article end without it.
Another good piece of advice is to remember that old cliché which we’ve all
heard - that a picture is (16) ___________ a thousand words. It’s true, so if you
can, include a picture. It’ll attract more attention and (17) ___________ what
you’ve been saying.
Finally, you need to write (18) ___________- something eye-catching which will
get people to just skim the article to start with, and then, if it’s well written,
they’ll read it more carefully afterwards.
 UNIT 4: NEW MEDIA (WB)
Transcript
Complete the gaps with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
You will hear an expert giving a talk about blogs and blogging. First, you have
some time to look at Questions 1-10.
Now listen and answer Questions 1-10
OK. I’m going to talk today about blogs and blogging. Though I'm assuming
you're all familiar with what a blog is, let's just start with a definition. Perhaps
the simplest definition is that a blog is a type of website in the form of a journal
of one sort or another. It consists of posts - new material, or entries - that are
arranged in (1) ___________, with the most recent post at the top of the page.
Now. what are the typical characteristics of a blog? Well, blogs are usually
written by one person, they are usually (2) ___________and they are often,
though by no means always, about one particular topic. That topic might be the
blogger’s own life, as many blogs are (3) ___________. But there are blogs on
just about any topic you could think of - there are political blogs, news blogs,
blogs about a particular hobby, etc., etc.
Now. most blogs are not (4) ___________, because they allow readers to make
their own comments on what appears in the blog, or to add their own
information to It. In this way. people get into contact with each other, learning
from each other, sharing ideas, perhaps making friends or even (5) _________
with each other, wherever they are in the world.
Although blogs are very much part of modern life and there are literally millions
of blogs on the web. the history of blogging is a pretty short one. There is some
disagreement over what the first blog was. but many people reckon it was an
online diary started by a student called Justin Hall in (6) ___________. His site
was called Justin's Home Page, and he later called It Links From The
Underground.
At that point, the word ’blog’ didn’t exist. More websites like his started to
spring up, in the form of regularly updated online journals on various subjects,
with links to other websites and (7) ___________ for people to contribute their
personal opinions.
In 1997. someone called Jorn Barger first used the term 'web log’ to (8)
___________ this kind of website, when he (9) ___________ his own website,
Robot Wisdom. In 1999. a blogger called Peter Merholz jokingly broke this word
up into 'we blog’ and therefore invented the term 'blog'. Pretty soon, everyone
called the sites 'blogs' and the people writing them ‘bloggers'.
_______
OK. now let's move on to how to run a blog, and what I'm going to do now is to
tell you what I think is the (10) __________to workflow with a blog. First of all,
you need to decide on (11) ________of your blog posts. Some people do several
a day, which is great if you can keep it up, others one a day. Once a week might
be enough, but the key question is what the readers of your blog expect. They
need to know when they can expect to see a new post on the blog, so whatever
(12) ___________ you decide on, it's important to stick to it.
When you're going to do a post, start by reading material to find out what's
being discussed in friends’ blogs, or in other blogs related to the topic of yours.
That way you can take these things (13) __________to ensure that your blog is
bang up to date.
Then start composing your blog post. If you're doing one that involves research
and links, open a file for storing (14) ___________of your information and the
links you're going to put in the post. Also consider (15) ____________. These can
make your blog much more attractive than one that’s just text. If you use photos
from the web. make sure you cite the source in your blog.
When you’ve completed the post, add some tags. If you don't have the kind of
software that enables you to build them into the post, add them at the bottom.
Tags are really important for (16) ____________- they can get you new readers
who find your blog via the tags.
If you think this is a particularly good post and you're really proud of it, (17)
____________by sending links to it on social networking sites, together with a
very (18) _________of what It's about.
Then check your (19) ___________to see how many people are reading and
responding to your blog. Find out who's blogged about your post and reply to
them, and give them a proper reply rather than just saying thanks.
After you’ve done all that, get off your own blog and comment elsewhere.
Remember that you’re not the only person blogging and putting out new
material - there are lots of others doing the same and you should show them
some (20) ___________ by giving them comments and feedback on their posts
where you feel it's appropriate.
Well, that’s just some advice on being a good blogger. Blogging’s obviously a
major thing now in the world of electronic media and it’s anybody’s guess how it
will develop in the future
Cite
Brief
Monologue
Article
quote
amateur ≠ professional

Part 1
Today, I’m going to be talking about amateur journalism; in other words,
journalism practised by ordinary people, not professional journalists. For people
like you, who want to get some (1) real writing experience, this can be a good
way to get started, and later I’ll be offering you some practical tips to help you.
Amateur journalists are providing more and more news. I think the main cause
of this change has been the Internet. Nowadays, anyone close to an important
event can (2) write a report and email it to a newspaper, or they can take a
photo with a digital camera or use their mobile phone to make a video film of
what’s happening.
Also, amateur journalism isn’t just for people who are in the right place at the
right time. People can now write reports and articles about things which (3) a big
organisation might not be interested in and post their ideas on their website or
blog. This means that all sorts of people can express their views.
Also, in the past, if you wanted to make (4) your opinions known, one of the few
ways of doing this was to send a letter to a newspaper, but normally newspapers
only print a few of the thousands of letters they receive each day. Now, people
can write about the things which are really important to them and the people
around them and they put it in a blog. As a result, amateur journalists often
write about something which is a local issue, and by ‘local issue’, I mean
something happening in the school in their area or the traffic in their town, but
not something necessarily of (5) national or international interest.
Amateur journalism is (6) a growing phenonemon. There are now major online
newspapers. Ohmynews in South Korea, for example, has a large number of
readers, and for this reason, they can(7) attract advertising and get income from
this. And, as a result, it’s become a (8) profitable business.
Part 2
But how can you get involved? How can you begin to write articles which will be
published on sites like these?
 Well, first you must have something interesting to say, something you want to
communicate with readers. Assuming you have this, it’s important in an article
to attract people’s attention and (9) gain their interest, so put the main facts
first, answering these questions: Who? Why? When? How? and Where?
Get those basic facts down to start with and get people interested. Then fill in
the details in the rest of the article: the best model is really shaped like (10) a
pyramid. You put the most important facts at the top of the article and lots of
smaller details down below.
Remember, you want people to keep reading, so you need to hold your readers'
interest. A really good technique for doing that is to put in (11) quotations from
people who are part of the story - what they really said. You know the sort of
thing, urn, ‘Tanya, mother of two, said: "It all happened so quickly that we didn’t
have time to react.”’ Quotations bring (12) the article alive.
Once you’ve written your article, go over it again to make sure that (13) any
figures you quote are correct. Make sure that Tanya really has two children and
not one or three. Then, after that, once you've got your ideas down, rewrite your
article, making sure that your paragraphs don't contain more than three
sentences - people like them to be brief and (14) to the point, and this will help
to hold their attention.
And another thing to bear in mind: if they’re reading online, people will soon
stop reading your piece and start reading something else, so keep the whole
article brief. Don’t put in (15) a conclusion - just let your article end without it.
Another good piece of advice is to remember that old cliché which we’ve all
heard - that a picture is (16) worth a thousand words. It’s true, so if you can,
include a picture. It’ll attract more attention and (17) illustrate what you’ve been
saying.
Finally, you need to write (18) a headline - something eye-catching which will get
people to just skim the article to start with, and then, if it’s well written, they’ll
read it more carefully afterwards.

You will hear an expert giving a talk about blogs and blogging. First, you have
some time to look at Questions 1-10.
Now listen and answer Questions 1-10
OK. I’m going to talk today about blogs and blogging. Though I'm assuming
you're all familiar with what a blog is, let's just start with a definition. Perhaps the
simplest definition is that a blog is a type of website in the form of a journal of
one sort or another. It consists of posts - new material, or entries - that are
arranged in (1) chronological order, with the most recent post at the top of the
page.
Now. what are the typical characteristics of a blog? Well, blogs are usually
written by one person, they are usually (2) updated regularly and they are often,
though by no means always, about one particular topic. That topic might be the
blogger’s own life, as many blogs are (3) personal diaries. But there are blogs on
just about any topic you could think of - there are political blogs, news blogs,
blogs about a particular hobby, etc., etc.
Now. most blogs are not (4) monologues, because they allow readers to make
their own comments on what appears in the blog, or to add their own
information to It. In this way. people get into contact with each other, learning
from each other, sharing ideas, perhaps making friends or even (5) doing business
with each other, wherever they are in the world.
Although blogs are very much part of modern life and there are literally millions
of blogs on the web. the history of blogging is a pretty short one. There is some
disagreement over what the first blog was. but many people reckon it was an
online diary started by a student called Justin Hall in (6) 1994. His site was called
Justin's Home Page, and he later called It Links From The Underground.
At that point, the word ’blog’ didn’t exist. More websites like his started to
spring up, in the form of regularly updated online journals on various subjects,
with links to other websites and (7) forums for people to contribute their personal
opinions.
In 1997. someone called Jorn Barger first used the term 'web log’ to (8)
categorise this kind of website, when he (9) launched his own website, Robot
Wisdom. In 1999. a blogger called Peter Merholz jokingly broke this word up into
'we blog’ and therefore invented the term 'blog'. Pretty soon, everyone called the
sites 'blogs' and the people writing them ‘bloggers'.
_______

OK. now let's move on to how to run a blog, and what I'm going to do now is to
tell you what I think is the (10) best approach to workflow with a blog. First of all,
you need to decide on (11) the frequency of your blog posts. Some people do
several a day, which is great if you can keep it up, others one a day. Once a week
might be enough, but the key question is what the readers of your blog expect.
They need to know when they can expect to see a new post on the blog, so
whatever (12) schedule you decide on, it's important to stick to it.
When you're going to do a post, start by reading material to find out what's
being discussed in friends’ blogs, or in other blogs related to the topic of yours.
That way you can take these things (13) into account to ensure that your blog is
bang up to date.
Then start composing your blog post. If you're doing one that involves research
and links, open a file for storing (14) the sources of your information and the links
you're going to put in the post. Also consider (15) using pictures. These can make
your blog much more attractive than one that’s just text. If you use photos from
the web. make sure you cite the source in your blog.
When you’ve completed the post, add some tags. If you don't have the kind of
software that enables you to build them into the post, add them at the bottom.
Tags are really important for (16) searchability - they can get you new readers
who find your blog via the tags.
If you think this is a particularly good post and you're really proud of it, (17)
announce it by sending links to it on social networking sites, together with a
very (18) brief summary of what It's about.
Then check your (19) blog statistics to see how many people are reading and
responding to your blog. Find out who's blogged about your post and reply to
them, and give them a proper reply rather than just saying thanks.
After you’ve done all that, get off your own blog and comment elsewhere.
Remember that you’re not the only person blogging and putting out new
material - there are lots of others doing the same and you should show them
some (20) respect by giving them comments and feedback on their posts where
you feel it's appropriate.
Well, that’s just some advice on being a good blogger. Blogging’s obviously a
major thing now in the world of electronic media and it’s anybody’s guess how it
will develop in the future