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    Sampling Theory: Muhammad Maqsood Tahir

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    Khansa Butt
    This document discusses key concepts in sampling theory, including: - Population refers to a collection of objects sharing common characteristics, while a sample is a representative part of the population. Sampling is the process of drawing a representative sample. - A parameter is a descriptive measure calculated from the entire population, while a statistic is calculated from the sample. - A sample survey collects information from part of the population, while a census collects information from the entire population. - Probability sampling uses random selection methods, while non-probability sampling uses judgment without randomness. Common probability sampling methods include simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling, and cluster sampling.

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    Sampling Theory: Muhammad Maqsood Tahir

    Uploaded by

    Khansa Butt
    60 views17 pages
    This document discusses key concepts in sampling theory, including: - Population refers to a collection of objects sharing common characteristics, while a sample is a representative part of the population. Sampling is the process of drawing a representative sample. - A parameter is a descriptive measure calculated from the entire population, while a statistic is calculated from the sample. - A sample survey collects information from part of the population, while a census collects information from the entire population. - Probability sampling uses random selection methods, while non-probability sampling uses judgment without randomness. Common probability sampling methods include simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling, and cluster sampling.

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    This document discusses key concepts in sampling theory, including: - Population refers to a collection of objects sharing common characteristics, while a sample is a representative part of the population. Sampling is the process of drawing a representative sample. - A parameter is a descriptive measure calculated from the entire population, while a statistic is calculated from the sample. - A sample survey collects information from part of the population, while a census collects information from the entire population. - Probability sampling uses random selection methods, while non-probability sampling uses judgment without randomness. Common probability sampling methods include simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling, and cluster sampling.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    60 views17 pages

    Sampling Theory: Muhammad Maqsood Tahir

    Uploaded by

    Khansa Butt
    This document discusses key concepts in sampling theory, including: - Population refers to a collection of objects sharing common characteristics, while a sample is a representative part of the population. Sampling is the process of drawing a representative sample. - A parameter is a descriptive measure calculated from the entire population, while a statistic is calculated from the sample. - A sample survey collects information from part of the population, while a census collects information from the entire population. - Probability sampling uses random selection methods, while non-probability sampling uses judgment without randomness. Common probability sampling methods include simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling, and cluster sampling.

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    Sampling Theory

    Muhammad Maqsood Tahir


    Population, Sample and Sampling

     A collection of objects having common characteristics


    of interest is called Population

     Any representative part of population is called Sample.

     The procedure to draw representative sample from the


    population is called Sampling.
    Parameter and Statistic

     A descriptive numerical measure calculated from


    population is called Parameter.

     A descriptive numerical measure calculated from sample


    is called Statistic.
    Sample Survey and Complete enumeration

     The collection of information from a part the population


    is called making a sample survey.

     The collection of information from all elements in a


    population is called a census or complete enumeration.
    Advantages of Sampling

     Sampling saves money.


     Sampling saves time and labor work.
     It is easy to organize and control a sample survey
     Sampling is essential when sampling units are destructive.
     Sampling has much smaller non-response.
     More detailed information can be obtained from sampling
    units.
    Limitation of Sampling
     Sometime sampling gives biased and misleading results.
     It is difficult to decide which method of sampling is suitable.
     Its results are less reliable than census.
     The choice of sampling units can include personal bias.
     If the basic fact of each sampling unit in population is
    needed, we can not use sampling.
    Sampling unit, Sampling Frame and
    Sampling Units
     The basic units of population in terms of which the
    sampling design is planned.

     A complete list of sampling units is called Sampling Frame.

     A sampling design is a plan for obtaining a sample from a


    Population well before collecting any data.
    Types of Sampling Design

     Non-probability sampling/Non-Random Sampling

     Probability sampling/Random Sampling


    Probability sampling and
    Non Probability Sampling
     It is a technique in which the data is collected using
    chance methods or random numbers.

     It is a technique in which the data is collected by


    judgment without using chance methods.
    Types of Probability Sampling

     Simple random sampling.

     Stratified random sampling.

     Systematic random sampling.

     Cluster sampling.
    Simple Random Sampling and
    Stratified Random Sampling
     It is a technique in which each unit of the population has
    equal chance to be selected in the sample.

     It is a technique in which population is divided into


    homogeneous groups called strata and then a sample is
    selected randomly from each stratum. The process of
    dividing heterogeneous population into homogeneous
    subgroups is called stratification.
    Systematic sampling and
    Cluster Sampling
     It is a technique in which sample obtained by selecting
    every Kth object arranged in some specified order with
    the starting point among the first k elements determined
    at random.

     It is a technique in which population is divided into


    natural groups such as households, agricultural farms
    etc. called clusters and then a sample is selected from
    each cluster.
    Types of Non Probability Sampling

     Convenience Sampling

     Purposive sampling.

     Quota sampling.
    Judgement Sampling and
    Quota Sampling
     It is a technique in which sample is selected by the
    choice of researcher with certain known characteristic of
    the population. This method is often used when we have
    lack of time or money or it is not feasible to obtained
    random sample.

     It is a technique in which population is divided into


    different groups and then a sample is selected by
    judgment from each group.
    Sampling with replacement and
    Sampling Without replacement
     It is a technique in which unit selected in the sample is
    returned to the population before selecting the next unit.

     It is a technique in which unit selected in the sample is


    not returned to the population before selecting the next
    unit.
    Multistage sampling and
    Multiphase Sampling
     Multistage sampling can be a complex form of
    cluster sampling because it is a type of sampling which
    involves dividing the population into groups (or clusters).
    Then, one or more clusters are chosen at random and
    everyone within the chosen cluster is sampled.

     A sampling method in which certain items of information are


    drawn from the whole units of a sample and certain other ite
    ms of information are taken from the subsample.
    Thank you

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