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What Is Cotton Grading

Cotton grading involves evaluating the quality parameters of raw cotton such as fiber length, strength, color, trash content, and uniformity. The most important quality parameters include fiber length, strength, micronaire reading, color, trash percentage, and length uniformity. Cotton must be ginned to separate fibers from seeds before manufacturing textiles. Roller and saw ginning systems are used, and involve cleaning and drying the cotton to ideal moisture levels to best preserve fiber quality while removing impurities.

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516 views4 pages

What Is Cotton Grading

Cotton grading involves evaluating the quality parameters of raw cotton such as fiber length, strength, color, trash content, and uniformity. The most important quality parameters include fiber length, strength, micronaire reading, color, trash percentage, and length uniformity. Cotton must be ginned to separate fibers from seeds before manufacturing textiles. Roller and saw ginning systems are used, and involve cleaning and drying the cotton to ideal moisture levels to best preserve fiber quality while removing impurities.

Uploaded by

Tegegn Temesgen
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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WHAT IS COTTON GRADING?

Cotton grading, cotton classification and cotton classing are the terms used to express the quality of
cotton in terms of its physical quality parameters.

The term cotton classification or cotton grading refers to the application of standardized procedures
developed by USDA for measuring those physical attributes of raw cotton that affect the quality of the
finished product and/or manufacturing efficiency

ESSENTIAL QUALITY PARAMETERS FOR COTTON GRADING

 Fibre length (Upper Half Mean [UHM] length in inches)


 Length Uniformity Index (UI %)
 Fibre strength (g/tex)
 Micronaire (HVI micronaire)
 Color (HVI color Rd, +b)
 Trash (HVI trash area %)

The color of cotton is measured by the degree of reflectance (Rd) and yellowness (+b). Reflectance
indicates how bright or dull the sample is, and yellowness indicate the degree of color pigment.

Trash (HVI trash area %)

In addition to useable fibres, cotton stock contains foreign matter of various kinds such as vegetable
matter; mineral material (earth, sand, ore or coal dust picked up in transport); metal fragments, cloth
fragments and packing materials; and fiber fragments

BALE MANAGEMENT :(ENGINEERED FIBRE SELECTION SYSTEM)

How many bales will be there in work area?

How many bales in each laydown?

How do we choose properties to define laydown?

Do we select by bale or by categories?

Ginning

Cotton fibers must be separated from the seed (ginned) before they can be used to manufacture textile
goods.

Roller Gins
The first mechanical gin (Churka) was a roller gin consisting of two rollers (one metal, one hardwood)
less than one inch in diameter, turned together by means of a hand crank.

Roller gins are used to preserve the quality of extra long staple (Pima) cottons grown in the western
United States.

Saw Ginning System

Green Boll trap

The green boll trap is important for removing green bolls, rocks, and other heavy foreign matter from
rough cotton.

Green boll traps use sudden changes in flow direction and/or reduced air velocities to separate heavy
foreign materials from seed cotton.
Cleaners

Seed cotton cleaners (cylinder cleaners) consist of six or seven revolving spiked cylinders that turn about
400 r.p.m.

These cylinders convey the cotton over a series of grid rods or screens, agitate the cotton, and allow fine
foreign materials such as leaf trash and dirt to fall through openings for disposal.

In many gins, two cleaners are installed in parallel (split stream), with each one cleaning half the seed
cotton

Driers

The most important factor in preserving quality during ginning is the fiber moisture content.

At higher moistures, cotton fibers are stronger, but trash is harder to remove and cleaning machinery is
less efficient.

Consequently, selecting a ginning moisture content is a compromise between good trash removal and
quality preservation.
For most conditions, cotton should be ginned at 6 to 7.5 percent lint moisture.

The tower drier is the most widely used gin drier.

Tower driers commonly have 16 to 24 shelves arranged so cotton must slow down while making turns
through the machinery

Heated air conveys the cotton through the shelves in 10 to 15 seconds

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