Комплекс заданий

Задания для первого критерия Содержание (Content)

1.You are given a general topic about Living in a city/countryside. Match definite
essay titles (1-3) to their content (a-c)
1. Some people think that life in the city is harmful for health than in the
countryside -> Some people think that living in the countryside is better for
health than living in a city
2. There are more advantages of living in a city than the country. Do you
agree?
3. Some people think that working in the countryside is better than the city
-> LIVING
a. Nowadays, most people claim that people who live in a city may take bigger
advantages than those who live in the country. Moreover, this issue is usually
argued last days and it broadens the argument.
First of all, it would be easier to find a chemist, a hospital or a school in the city
rather than in the country. However, we all know that there’s a great popularity in
the cities so some days become much active. 
Secondly, in the city there’s not only more opportunities to work but also a variety
of careers such as, Medicine, Economics, Law, Engineering, to name a few.
Although we can find some colleges in the country, they offer a few options. 
Finally, it is said that young people have a tendency to build their social life in a
city while the eldest people in a country. Perhaps, this is due to the entertainment
among many others.
In conclution, it all depends on people what their personalities are like and how
they interact with others. Personally, I reckon that if you look for peace and quiet,
the country will be more suitable but a vast of entertainment, careers, jobs and
stores will be easily found in the city.
b. Some people choose to work in the countryside, rather than the city. However,
there are those who prefer the contrary. It has its advantages and drawbacks, as we
will see.
 Firstly, one of the main reasons of working in the countryside is that people
find it more relaxing and easier to go. Things like work in a part of the country that
is not full of cars and traffic, and that in so many times doesn’t need the use of a
transport like a car or a bus, is really valuable for a lot of people.
Secondly, the possibility of being in contact with the nature, instead of living
surrounded by huge buildings, it could be another good reason to choose the option
of working out of the city centre.
On the other hand, there could be some drawbacks, as is the lack of shops or
people to have contact with, because living out of the city it doesn’t offer you the
possibility of going out in order to do something different or just to have a walk
through the numerous of options that a big city offers.
In conclusion, we can say that working in the countryside could be a great
option for people who prefer being in contact with nature and out of the noise of
the city, but of course it has drawbacks like the lack of shops or the atmosphere
and charm of a big city.
c. There are fundamentally different reasons that dictate whether one lives in the
countryside or an urban area. In my opinion, the health benefits of living in the
countryside do not outweigh the range of opportunities available in cities.
The chief advantages of the countryside relate to health. City-dwelling lends
itself to a more sedentary lifestyle and the threat of air pollution is ever-growing. In
contrast, individuals living in the country are much more likely to walk or ride
bikes as part of their daily routine. Over time this equates to healthier living habits
and can reduce the risk of obesity and concomitant conditions such as
cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Moreover, recent studies have found that
worsening air quality in cities and the absorption of microparticles into the lungs is
driving up rates of cancer and asthma. The countryside presents an alternative
environment where cleaner air can result in both short and long-term health
benefits.
Nonetheless, cities offer a wide array of options rural areas lack. This begins
with the employment on offer. The vast majority of well-paid jobs are located in
cities ranging from doctors to lawyers to managers in companies. Living in the
countryside limits one to careers primarily centred around agriculture.
In conclusion, despite the healthier overall lifestyle enjoyed in the
countryside, city life allows too many modern conveniences to be ignored. Each
individual must decide what they value highest but most should opt for city life.

2. Look at the tasks on the topic of Education. Match essay titles (1-3) to their
introductions (a-c)
1. It is better to go into higher education rather than get a job straight out of school
(engl)
2. All young people should continue at school or college until at least the age of 18
3. Education plays a big role in a brilliant career
a. Nowadays education determines the quality of an individual’s life. Education
improves one’s knowledge, skills and develops the personality and attitude.
Education affects the chances of employment for people.
b. For school leavers, the decision whether to look for work or go to university is
particularly difficult in the current economic situation
c. Although in my country compulsory education finishes earlier than in other
countries, I believe that young people should study until they come of age in order
to be ready to choose a profession consciously

3. Highlight which introductions are related to the essay это задание возможно в
самом начале
a. More and more countries and cities struggle with dirty air and water and
while it is difficult to find a solution to these issues, I believe that there are ways to
improve the situation and to protect the environment
b. Fashion industry is very a discussed subject nowadays: they create and design
new clothes everyday in order to satisfy some people needs
c. I am writing to apply for the position of Sales Assistant at your store this
summer, as advertised in today newspaper
d. There are strong arguments in favour of both staying in your own country and
travelling abroad. I personally think that people should do both
e. The Internet has changed the way we live. It started as something that we could
access only through a computer, but nowadays it is everywhere, and I love it!
Задания для второго критерия Решение коммуникативной задачи
(Communicative achievement)
1. You are given an essay on the topic «DEVELOPMENT VS
ENVIRONMENT». You need to replace, remove or rearrange words or
expressions that do not correspond to the formal style.
If we surf the web looking for pollution and environmental catastrophes, we will find out
that every country in the world is cut up (suffers) them. This is a natural consequence of the
struggle between development and environment.
If a country decided to live isolated from the rest of the world, living on what it can
naturally grow and produce, it surely wouldn’t be highly polluted. But I (we all) want exotic
food and technological items from all over the world, so I (we) have to pay the price.
Investing on electrical transport would benefit the environment a lot. Even more if this
electricity came from a natural source of energy like wind, rivers and solar boards. To tell the
truth it’s difficult to pull this off (achieve) because petrol companies will fight against these
actions.
Also (you should not start sentence with «also», «and», «but») we have to take care of our
rivers and seas. We all have heard about factories throwing highly toxic substances to rivers,
without minimizing their poisoning effects. A really strict law should be applied to fine these
factories and make them change their policy.
But what about ourselves? We also can do a lot! If, when possible, we bought larger
packs of food, we would be producing less rubbish. This is only an example!
2. Rephrase informal expressions and add a sentence if needed
One of the things that worries people most nowadays is the environment. In the last few
decades, humans have been polluting way too much (you could expand on what you
mean here, for example: which has had a negative effect on the environment). For this
reason, we must protect it from now on.
First, I would recommend(we ought to/should, recommendations are made for the
report) starting to pay attention to the 3Rs: reduce, reuse and recycle. By doing so, we
will reduce the quantity of rubbish, we will not throw away so many things we will be
able to recycle most of our waste. 
Second, a very good idea is to stop using cars so much and start cycling or walking a little
more and it will be good for us. For example, instead of commuting by car, good way (do
not use the same word several times, instead you can replace it with synonyms or
express it in a different way, for example: we can try to do it ) is walking on foot or by
bike. Finally, if we really want to change things, we should teach young pupils about  the
dangers of contamination and pollution. It’s the only way to change the  future, because
they are the future citizens of the world.
In conclusion, I believe that if we do these three things, we can still prevent humans from
destroying the environment.
 3. Choose formal style expressions
It is widely believed that if you sweat blood work hard enough, you can accomplish anything,
but is this just wishful thinking? This essay will discuss fairness with regards to/about salaries
and work opportunities.
Common sense tells us that the more we work, the more we should earn. But no matter how we
claw our way back/hard we try, this is not always the true. There is an evident lack of
chances/opportunities when one takes into account factors such as social class, background,
place/location and also gender. There are some who obtain a head-start in their working lives
due to their connections and contacts. These fortunate few usually come from the upper classes
or are just lucky enough to meet the right people at the right time; so/therefore, these exceptions
are generally few and far between.
Another factor that must be considered is the amount of time spent training and preparing oneself
for a profession. There are few that would argue that doctors should not get/earn an elevated
salary due to the amount of time they need to study to be able to graduate from medical school.
Besides, these studies are usually expensive and are seen as an investment/enclosure.
Furthermore doctors save lives and this is obviously/of course important. What is unfair/unjust
however are those people who become rich overnight through superficial means, such as reality
television or YouTube.
On balance, some/certain professions are deserving of their higher salaries because of the effort
involved, but/whereas others including footballers or models might only receive their salaries
because they possess/have something special that no one else has, there should be some kind of
pay-cap to control the salaries from growing out of control, however.

Задания для третьего критерия Организация текста (organisation)

1. Decide which sentences related to the topic sentences (beginning of the
paragraph) and which are supportive (supporting sentences, which give more
information). Write the answers to the table.
Topic (beginning) sentences Supportive sentences

a. As well as that, they can avoid the increasingly high fees charged by
universities, especially in English speaking countries
b. On the one hand, for many young people it is tempting to start earning as
soon as possible, rather than have to wait years for their first salary
c. However, those who go to university are likely to benefit for the rest of their
lives, as the average graduate earns considerably more than someone
without a degree
d. Moreover, a degree no longer guarantees a job, as many recent graduates
have discovered
e. Furthermore, higher education is not just about improving your career
prospects.
f. It is also , among other things, about developing your mind, studying a
subject that interests you in depth, learning new skills are meeting new
people
2. Break an essay into paragraphs and mark the introduction, 1 st, 2nd, 3rd
paragraphs and conclusion
Whether we like it or not, English has invaded most schools across the
globe. If these courses should be compulsory or not is an important question
to consider. To begin with, learning a second language is vital for students
because it opens their world to new cultures. They not only learn a new
language, but also learn about other cultures apart from their own. In a world
that is rapidly becoming more and more international, an extended
worldview can help the students thrive in such a cosmopolitan environment.
Because English is the accepted language used in business throughout the
world, it is necessary for students to prepare themselves and to be able to
survive in the competitive workplace. If students do not learn English they
will lose opportunities for promotion, new career paths, and the chance to be
successful in a world that communicates only in English. Lastly, learning
English as a second language should be compulsory, because otherwise only
the most motivated will learn it. Most students need the structured
atmosphere of a classroom in order to focus and apply themselves. Without
this gentle push, the students can lose their drive and motivation. In
conclusion, I think that English should be compulsory in schools. The
students will not only have a better chance to be successful in their
professional careers, but they will also be more enriched culturally. As well,
because everyone is different , the courses should be compulsory so as to
nurture those who need structure and guidance
3. Read an essay and try to write own topic sentences to the next essay
Nowadays, people find it difficult to find a suitable job. Some people
think the salary is too low, while others may have a good salary but do not
like what they do. However, there are other things to consider, too.
Firstly,we must think about how long we work for. If we work long
hours, the salary should be good. However, maybe the most important thing
ifwework alot is to enjoy our job. Otherwise, we will get tired quickly.
On the other hand, the type of work is also important. For instance, if
we do a job we like but it is dangerous, the salary should be good. If we are
not paid generously, maybe it’s not worth risking our lives. Finally, we
should also take into account holiday periods. If our job has few holiday
periods during the year, maybe we can accept a higher salary in exchange.
On the whole, I am of the opinion that in order to be happy, the salary is less
important than enjoying the job. However, it is difficult to be happy working
for peanuts.
Do not forget to use clichés and stable expressions to denote and
logically link paragraphs and sentences:
There are two good reasons for …
On the one hand, … On the other hand, …Firstly, … – Во-первых …
Secondly, …
Thirdly, …
Finally, …
Also, … …
Furthermore, … …
What is more
After family members, friends are the most important people in our
lives. we can all agree that making and keeping friends is essential. But
what can we do to make friends and not lose them?
………………………………………………It is not advisable to lie
to your new friends because if they find out, you will lose them. Another
important aspect is keeping in touch. Calling and meeting your friends
regularly is the only way of keeping the friendship alive. However, this can
be difficult if they live far, so texting is another acceptable alternative.
………………………………………….As a result, your friend will
value you and your friendship will become stronger.
………….., I should say that honesty and keeping in touch are very
good ways of supporting your friends. However, the best thing you can do is
to love them and help them whenever they need you.