SKEE 3732

BASIC COMMUNICATION LABORATORY

SHORT REPORT

EXPERIMENT: AM
DATE: 05/11/2020

Members Matric Id
MOHAMMED MUATASIM A18KE4011
SIDDIG ABDELGHANI
RAISA ZAFAR KHAN A17KE5114
ABDIRIZAK IDIRIS A17KE4018
SULAIMAN
FAUZAN MALA A18KE0312
EKAPUTRA

Prepared for
DR. YUSRI MD YUNOS
 AMPLITUDE MODULATION (AM)
OBJECTIVES:

a) To simulate basic communication system of amplitude modulation (AM) signals using

gnu-radio companion (GRC).

b) To understand the concept of different types of AM signals in terms of time and frequency
domain representations.

c) To examine the main parameters of AM signals. d) To develop AM signals on Universal

Serial Radio Peripheral (USRP) Software Defined Radio (SDR) platform

Amplitude Modulation (AM) refers to the modulation technique where the carrier’s
amplitude is varied in accordance to the modulating signal’s amplitude.

EXPERIMENT 1.1: FULL AM MODULATOR/TRANSMITTER:

Figure 1: Initial Block setup

Time and Frequency domain signals :

When Frequency = 4 kHz, Amplitude = 1

When Frequency = 2 kHz, Amplitude = 1

 Figure 2: Modulated signal block setup signals

Time signals:

When m=1,

When m>1,
When m<1,

Discussion and analysis:

 a) Based on your experiment, state the frequencies of the carrier and the
modulating signals. Change the amplitude of both message/modulating signal
and carrier signal. Change both frequencies of the carrier and the modulating
signals. Analyse and discuss

In view of the investigation, the recurrence for carrier signal is 30kHz and for data signal
recurrence is just 1kHz. When the carrier signal recurrence ought to be far more prominent
than tweaking recurrence. At the point when the modulation, signal is change to 2V
abundancy with 5kHz recurrence, and the carrier signal is change to 5V adequacy with
50kHz recurrence, the regulated sign in the program shows that the yield signal expansion in
adequacy and

recurrence, where it surpasses the data signal. However, the adjusted sign can in any case be
recuperated in light of the fact that it isn't overmodulated where m>1.

b) What is the function of Multiply Const block and Add Const block in your
experiment?

Here Multiply Const block acts as our m = modulation index. Add Const acts as
constant number which will remain one due to modulated signal, VAM(t) equation

c) If the value of constant in Multiply Const is 1, describe what happened to the

output signals. Analyze the changes of the output signals if you increase or
decrease the values, i.e. less than 1 and greater than 1. Discuss in details.

At the point when Multiply Const is set to 1, implies that the tweak record, m = 1.
Along these lines, the sign is pleasantly adjusted dependent on the AM waveform. At
the point when Multiply Const is set to m<1 the waveform somewhat changes where
the Vmin can be seen higher thought about to when it is set to 1. For Multiply Const
higher than 1, the waveform intermate with little and larger waveform which shows
the stage change happens when over-regulation what's more, it must be evaded during
AM adjustment measure. Over-tweak implies information lost.
 d) Observe three types of modulation states of AM signal with three different
modulation factors.
There is modulation factor = 1 for the modulation state at the m = 1, m > 1 for
modulation state with m< 1 and m <1 for the modulation state at m > 1 .
There are three types of AM modulation signal is,
1. Double Side Band Full Carrier (DSBFC)
2. Double Side Band Supressed Carrier (DSBSC)
3. Single Side Band (SSB).

e) From your observation, what type of AM signal is this?

In this experiment, it is DSBFC in light of the fact that we are providing transporter
signal, Vc(t) = Ec . Sin(𝜔𝑡) to be regulated to convey the sign until recipient. For DSBSC
we just gracefully . Vc(t) = sin(𝜔𝑡) and SSB goes to a transformer which it has two data
signs of sine and cosine waveform before it is increase with transporter signal, Vc(t) =
sin(𝜔𝑡).

f) What is the amplitude of the two sidebands relative to the carrier for 50%
modulation with a sinusoidal wave?

For 50 percent modulation with a sinusoidal wave, the amplitude of the two sidebands
relative to the carrier = 1. Modulation percentage does not affect the amplitude of two
sidebands.

g) How are different amplitudes of the message/modulating signal represented in

the modulated 7 signal?

There is diverse in light of the fact that the immediate worth and the greatest incentive in the
adjusted sign are the tweaking signal, which makes the abundancy esteems unique.
EXPERIMENT 1.2: Full AM Demodulator/Receiver:

Figure 3: AM demodulation blocks setup for sine wave

Time and Frequency domain signal:

When sin wave,

When Square wave,

Discussion and analysis:

a) Observe the signal waveforms in time and frequency both before and after
modulation. How are different amplitudes and frequencies of the
message/modulating signal represented in the modulated signal? How it relates
to modulation factor.
It is confirmed that amplitude is occasionally same for modulated or data signal, yet
the sufficiency of the tweaked sign will change intermittently once it goes through a
high-recurrence transporter signal modulated stage. Because of the unaltered
plentifulness of the two signals, the regulation factor is in every case ideally
equivalent to 1.

b) Based on your experiment, what is the name of the method of demodulation?

Why it is more popular than DSBSC?
Indicator for AM Square-Law, DSBFC doesn't need transporter and sideband disposal
which is on the other hand, it just permits transporter expulsion for DSBSC . In any
 case, DSBFC is regularly has more energy utilization and then some excess
information than DSBSC.

c) Can we use this demodulation process with suppressed carrier modulation, i.e.
AM-DSBSC?

As referenced before, the demodulation cycle of DSBFC (Double-Sideband Stifled Carrier

Transmission) doesn't need transporter concealment. Consequently, this cycle couldn't be
utilized for DSBSC (Double Side Band Suppressed Carrier).SO the answer in no.

d) Looking at the time and frequency domain plots of the demodulated signal, there
should still be a DC component. How this DC component can be taken out?

We can use capacitor as it can block it to take out DC component.

EXPERIMENT 2: AM-DOUBLE SIDE BAND SURPRESSED CARRIER

(AMDSBSC)

Figure 4: AM-DSCSC modulator blocks setup

Time and Frequency Signals :

Figure 5 : AM-DSBSC demodulator blocks setup
Discussion and Analysis:

a) Why we need suitable carrier frequency in designing AM-DSBSC modulator

system?
An appropriate frequency will make the transmitter more powerful. This creates a
diminished transporter transmission or twofold sideband stifled transporter
(DSBSC) signal. A suppressed carrier amplitude modulation scheme is three times
more force effective than customary DSBFC.

b) What is the selected cut off frequency and gain of the LPF in your design.
Explain why you choose the value?

The cut off frequency chosen was 5 kHz. This because the frequency before low
pass filter was 12.04Khz.

c) What is the advantages and disadvantages of this AM-DSBSC compared to

the AM-DSBFC?

AM-DSBSC has high force productivity contrasted AM-DSBFC with and it is

more complex to regulate and demodulate. It has double the size of data transfer
 capacity contrasted with AM-DSBFC. AM-DSBSC includes complex
identification measure. It is a costly method when it comes to demodulation of the
sign.

d) Why we cannot use envelope detector (as refer to previous Experiment 1) to

demodulate AMDSBSC signal?
Envelope finder can't be utilized to demodulate the DSBSC signal, since its
envelope is a twisted rendition of the balancing sign's waveform. All things
considered, the strategy of coordinated recognition is utilized.

e) What is the other name of this AMDSBSC demodulation? Describe why?

A nearby guess to an ideal intelligent demodulator called a Costas loop. This
segment is incorporated to make a positive envelope which permits demodulation
by a straightforward, reasonable envelope finder.

f) What happen if there is a phase difference between locally generated carrier

frequency and carrier signal in modulator part?

If there is a stage distinction between the privately produced transporter

recurrence and input signal DSBSC. This prompts bending during demodulation
cycle of AMDSBSC signal.

Conclusion:

All in all, there are three principle kinds of adequacy regulation. They are; Double
sideband-smothered transporter adjustment (DSB-SC). Single Sideband Modulation
(SSB). The transporter signal is commonly a high-recurrence sine wave. There are
three boundaries of a sine wave that can be fluctuated: plentifulness, recurrence, and
stage. Any of these can be adjusted, or then again differed, to communicate data.
Additionally, The USRP is an equipment board that digitizes RF flags with the goal
that they can be handled by a PC.