URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY

Urdaneta City
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

Prepared by: Joseph D. Miranda, MS.Crim.
Romeo M. Capudoy, MS.Crim.
DRUGS- is a substance used as a medicine or in making medicines, which affects the body and
mind and have potential for abuse.
Two forms of Drugs:
a. NATURAL- include natural plant leaves, flowering tops, resin, hashish, opium, and
marijuana
b. SYNTHETIC/ARTIFICIAL- are produced by clandestine laboratories which
include those drugs that are controlled by law because they are used in the medical
practice.
Drug Abuse- the practice of taking drugs without medicinal supervision
Significant Terms in the Study of Drug Abuse
Administer- The act of introducing any dangerous drugs into the body of any person
with or without his knowledge.
Chemical- It is any substance taken into the body that alters the way of the mind and the
body work.
Chemical Abuse- It is an instance when the use of chemical has produced negative or
harmful consequences.
Cultivate- It means the act of knowingly planting, growing, raising or permitting the
planting, growing, raising of any plant which is the source of a prohibited drug.
Drug- Traditionally, drugs are synthetic chemicals used as medicine or in the making of
medicines, which affects the body and mind and have potential for abuse. Drugs in its
criminological meaning, refers to substances, other than food and water that is intended to be
taken or administered for the purpose of altering, sustaining or controlling recipient’s physical,
mental or emotional state.
Drug Abuse- It is the illegal, wrongful or improper use of any drug.
Drug Addiction- It refers to the state of periodic or chronic intoxication produced by the
repeated consumption of a drug.
Drug dependence- It refers to the state of psychic or physical dependence or both on
dangerous drugs following the administration or use of that drug. WHO defines it as the periodic,
continuous, repeated administration of a drug.
Drug experimenter- One who illegally, wrongfully, or improperly uses any narcotic
substances for reasons of curiosity, peer pressure, or other similar reasons.
Drug Syndicate- It is a network of illegal drug operations operated and manned carefully
by groups of criminals who knowingly traffic through nefarious trade for personal or group profit
Manufacture- The production, preparation, compounding or processing a dangerous
drug either directly or indirectly or by extraction from substances of natural origin or by
chemical synthesis.
 Narcotic Drug- Refers to illegally used drugs or dangerous drugs which are either
prohibited or regulated drugs. It also refers to drugs that produces sleep or stupor and relieves
pain due to its depressant effect on the CNS. The term Narcotic comes from the Greek word
“narcotikos”. It is sometimes known as “opiates”.
Physical Dependence- An adaptive state caused by repeated drug use that reveals itself
by development of intense physical symptoms when the drug is stopped (withdrawal syndrome).
Psychological Dependence- An attachment to drug use which arises from a drug ability
to satisfy some emotional or personality needs of an individual.
Pusher- Any person who sell, administer, deliver or give away to another, distribute,
transport any dangerous drug.
Rehabilitation- It is a dynamic process directed towards the changes of the health of the
person to prepare him from his fullest life potentials and capabilities, and making him law
abiding and productive member of the community without abusing drugs.
Tolerance- It is the tendency to increase dosage of drugs to maintain the same effect in
the body
Treatment- A medical service rendered to a client for the effective management of his
total condition related to drug abuse. It deals with the physiological and psychological
complications arising from drug abuse.
Use- The act of injecting, consuming, any dangerous drugs. The means of introducing the
dangerous drug into the physiological system of the body.
The Drug Abuse Jargons
Jargons Meaning

Opiate Narcotic
On-the-nod/Nodding Suspended sleep
Mainline/to shoot Injecting the drug into the vein
A Hit Slang for injection of drugs
Work Apparatus for injecting a drug
A Fix One injection of opiate
Juni Heroin
Junkie An opiate addict
Skin Popping To inject a drug under the skin
A Bag A pocket of drug
Cold Turkey Withdrawal effects of opiate use
Track Scars on the skin due to injection
Overdose Death occurred
Speed Amphetamines
Speed freaks Amphetamine addicts
Uppers Street slang for amphetamines
Rush The beginning of a high
High Under the influence of drugs
Coke Street slang for cocaine
Flashback Drug use after stoppage
Acid Slang term for LSD
Acid Head LSD user
Drop Taking drug orally
 Joint An MJ Cigar
Roach Butt end of a joint
Stoned Intoxicating effect of a drug
Trip Reaction that is caused by drugs
Head Drug user
Downer Street slang for depressant
Seven Categories of Drugs
1. Herbal Drugs
Are plant substances that have drug effects and whose use is not generally regulated by
the law. These substances generally require little processing after the plants are gathered.
Although they may be processed or sold commercially, it is possible for the consumer to prepare
the drug for use if it can be grown locally.
2. Over-the Counter Drugs
Are commercially produced drugs that may be purchased legally without prescription.
These drugs are also known as propriety drugs.
3. Prescription Drugs
Are commercially produced drugs that can legally sold or dispense only by a physician or
on a physician’s order. They are like over-the-counter drugs in that they are manufactured by
pharmaceutical companies, but they differ in that the decision to use drugs is legally vested in
licensed physician not in user.
4. Unrecognized Drugs
Are commercial products that have a psychoactive drug effects but are not usually
considered drugs. These substances are not generally regulated by law except insofar as
standards of sanitation and purity is required.
5. Illicit Drugs
These are drugs whose sale, purchase or use is generally prohibited by law. Criminal
penalties usually apply to violators of these laws.
6. Tobacco
It is not generally considered a drug and thus be classed as an unrecognized drug.
Tobacco, however holds such distinct position in terms of usage patterns, economic importance
and health consequences that it merits a category to itself.
7. Alcohol
Is also seems to merit its own category, although it too could be included in the
unrecognized drugs. Alcohol in forms, such as beer, wine, and distilled liquor is one of the most
widely used drugs in our society. It is regarded by many experts as the most commonly abused
drug in our society.

OTC’s must be used properly in order to:

1. Avoid the dispensing of OTC to known identified habitual drug users.
2. Avoid complications, this is done by inquiring from the buyer of the drugs as to the
identity of the patient, the patient’s age and other information such as pregnancy,
hypertension, etc. and
3. Counseling the patient so as to avoid the “self-medication” syndrome by inquiring
about the buyer’s source of information about the drug.
SELF-MEDICATION SYNDROME- is found in users and would users of drugs whose sources
of information are people or literature other than doctors.
Possible outcomes of self-medication are:
1. Adverse reaction towards the drug, as allergies which may be mild or severe.
2. Possible non-response of the patient to the drug effectively due to incorrect drug
usage.
3. Possible drug toxicities through overdose which may lead to severe reactions such as
nausea, vomiting, rashes, etc.
4. Possible habit-forming characteristics due to periodic use of the drugs even when
such are no longer needed.
The amount of drug in a dose can be described as:
1. Minimal dose- the amount needed to treat or heal, that is, the smallest amount of a
drug that will produce a therapeutic effect.
2. Maximal dose- the largest amount of a drug that will produce a desired therapeutic
effect without any accompanying symptoms of toxicity.
3. Toxic dose- the amount of drug that produces untoward effects or symptoms of
poisoning.
4. Abusive dose- the amount needed to produce the side effects and action desired by an
individual who improperly uses it.
5. Lethal dose- the amount of drug that will cause death.
Routes of Drug Administration
1. Oral Ingestion
The drugs is taken by the mouth and must pass through the stomach before being
absorbed into the bloodstream, the one of the most common ways taking drug
2. Inhalation
Drug in gaseous form enter the lungs and are quickly absorbed by the rich
capillary system, it is probably the second most commonly use route of drug
administration.
3. Injection
The drug can be administered into the body by the use of syringe and hypodermic
needle in the following ways:
a. Subcotaneous
Drugs is administered by injecting the drug just below the surface of the skin, this
is sometimes called “skin popping”
b. Intramascular
Administration involves the injection of a drug into a large muscle mass that has a
good blood supply, such as the gluteus maximus, quadriceps, or triceps.
c. Intravenous
The most efficient means of administration which involves depositing drug
directly into the bloodstream, this is also the most rapid method of drug administration.
4. Snorting
Inhalation through the nose of drugs not in gaseous form, it is sometimes inhaling
a powder or liquid drug into the nose coats of the mucous membrane.
 5. Buccal
The drug is administered by placing them in the buccal cavity just under the lips
and the active ingredients of the drug will be absorbed into the bloodstream through soft
tissues lining of the mouth.
6. Suppositories
The drug is administered through the vagina or rectum in suppository form and
the drug will also be absorbed into the bloodstream.
TOXICOLOGY- the science of poisons, their effects and antidotes
Dangerous effects of Drugs
1. Overdose- when too much of a drug is taken into the physiological system of the
human body, there may be an over extension of its effects.
2. Allergy – some drugs cause the release of histamine giving rise to allergenic
symptoms such as dermatitis, swelling, fall in blood pressure, suffocation and death.
3. Idiosyncrasy – it refers to the individual reaction to a drug, food, etc. for unexplained
reasons.
4. Poisonous property- drugs are chemicals and some of them have the property of being
general protoplasmic poisons.
5. Side Effects – some drugs are not receptors for one organ but receptors of other
organs as well.
Some medical uses of Drugs
1. Analgesics – are drugs that relieve pain
2. Antibiotics – are drugs that combat or control infectious organisms.
3. Antipyretics – those that can lower body temperature or fever due to infection.
4. Antihistamines – those that control or combat allergic reactions
5. Contraceptives – drugs that prevent the meeting of the egg cell and sperm cell or
prevent the ovary from releasing egg cells.
6. Decongestants- those that relieve congestion of the nasal passages.
7. Expectorants – those than can ease the expulsion of mucus and phlegm from the lungs
and the throat.
8. Laxatives – those that stimulate defecation and encourage bowel movement.
9. Sedatives and Tranquilizers – are those that can calm and quiet the nerves and relieve
anxiety without causing depression and clouding of the mind.
10. Vitamins – those substances necessary for normal growth and development and
proper functioning of the body.
General Patterns of Drug Taking
1. Circumstantial/Situational Use
Drug taking on a short-term basis as a way of coping with some immediate
distress or pressure.
2. Experimental Use
It implies short-term use at one or a variety of drugs, either singly or in
combination, curiosity and desire to experience something new, or peer group pressure
are the major motivations for experimental drug use.
 3. Social-Recreational Use
Very similar to experimental-use of drugs occurs within social setting and it is
motivated by desire to share pleasurable experiences among friends. Although this type
of use tends not to escalate to other uses, it is more patterned than experimental use.
4. Intensified Use
Implies the regular and long term consumption of a drug or series of drugs by an
individual to achieve relief from persistent problem or stressful situation or his desire to
maintain a certain self-prescribed level of performance.
5. Compulsive Use
It is characterized by diminished social integration and functioning, it has
escalated to the point where a reduction in the intensity or frequency will be accompanied
by increasing discomfort on the part of the individual.

THE HISTORY OF DRUG ABUSE

GENERAL HISTORY
HOLY BIBLE-
- the Book of Judges – Mighty Samson was put to sleep by Delilah by means of a
drug-laced wine before cutting his hair.
- There are also many allusions of drug abuse in the old cities of Sodom and Gomorrah
which might have led to the widespread of adultery, bestiality and incest
ANCIENT GREEK AND ROMAN LITERATURE
- Tragic romance of Mark Anthony and Cleopatra. Cleopatra, in desperation over her
disprized love drank a narcotic-laden wine before allowing her to be bitten to death
by a poisonous asp from the River Nile.
- The practice of oracles and black magic during the Roman ancient times were
believed to be accomplished by narcotics.
- 9,000 YEARS BC
- Marijuana (cannabis sativa)- is the world’s oldest cultivated plant started by the Incas
of Peru.
- Peruvian and Mexican Incas have also the common practice to use the coca leaves
during religious offering ceremonies
- Marijuana was a sacred tree in the belief of Assyrians being used during religious
rituals.
- The first reference of introduction was in Northern Iran as an intoxicant
- The Hindus used for religious rituals in the belief that it is a source of happiness and
laughter provoker
- American Indians are believed to use opium in their peace pipes in order to narcotize
an oppositionist to their common objectives.
ABOUT 7,000 YEARS BC
- Opium poppy plant (Papaver Somniferum) was cultivated and prepared by the
Summerians. Greek physician Hippocrates, the father of Medicine, prescribed the
 juice of the white poppy plant that it can cure illnesses both internal and external use
as early as 5,000 BC.
- 19th CENTURY
- Opium use in China was stemmed out from India and became widespread.
- Emperor Yung Chen prohibited the smoking of opium and attempted to close ports
for its importation
- 1840, triggered the opium war which induced China to accept the British sponsored
opium trade and forced to sign a treaty permitting the importation of opium into china
after her defeat.
1806
- German pharmacist in the name of Fiedrich W. Sertuner discovered Morphine, his
first derivative of opium.
1896
- The second attempt of treating opium and morphine addiction started in 1896 when
Heroin synthesized from the drug morphine was discovered by a British chemist in
the name of Alder Wright. It was called the miracle drug.
- Codeine, the third derivative of opium was discovered in France

History of Drug in the Philippines

Prior to 1521 the country was free of narcotic intoxicants. The native practices closet to
addiction consisted of betel chewing and alcohol beverages from rice, sugarcane, nipa, and
coconut palms. The use of narcotics was promoted by chinese immigrants involved in British
Chinese opium trade. Despite restrictions imposed by the Spaniards, its use spread among
Filipinos living near Chinese settlements. The American feared the spread of the habit among the
Filipinos and banned the use of opium except for medicinal purposes. Two of the most used and
valuable illegal drug in the country are methamphetamine hydrochloride(shabu) and marijuana.
Ephedrine and Methylenedioxy methamphetamine are also among the list of illegal drug that are
of great concern to the authorities.
The development of the drug control in the Philippines was brought about by the problem
encountered since the Spanish era when the Spanish colonial government imposed control on
opium. This continued during the American regime where legislations on the use and other
involvement on narcotic drugs were in effect. The drug problem in the country since the early
part of 1900’s encouraged the Philippines authorities to enact laws for the regulation of drug use
and productions. The first drug control in the Philippines was RA 953 known as the Narcotic
Drug Law of 1952.
Drug education was formally incorporated as part of school program and curricula in the
Philippines with the enactment of RA 6425 known as Dangerous Drugs Acts of 1972 . Under
this law, its provide that instruction on the adverse effects of dangerous drugs, including their
legal, social and economic implications, shall be integrated into existing curricula of all public
and private schools .
In 1992, RA 7624 was enacted integrating drug prevention and controls in the
intermediate and secondary curricula as wellas the nonformal, informal and dangerous learning
systems concerning the ill effects of drug abuse, drug addiction or drug dependency.
 Then in 2002, RA 9165 also known as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Law of
2002 was enacted reforming the previous law. It is provided the present law that instruction on
drug abuse prevention and control shall be integrated in the elementary , secondary, and tertiary
curricula of all public and private school whether general, technical, vocational or agro-industrial
as wellas in non -formal, informal and indigenous learning system.
The DECS issued several memoranda for the implementation of Comprehensive School
Based Drug Abuse Education Program known as COSBDAEP which was later changed to be
known as the National Drug Education Program or NDEP.