CDI 7-VICE AND DRUG EDUCATION AND CONTROL

Learning Module 1. Introduction

Drug abuse is the use of illegal drugs or the use of prescription, in large amounts
General History of Drug Abuse
*Historians credited that marijuana (Cannabis Sativa) is the world’s oldest cultivated plant started by the
Incas of Peru
*Knowledge on the opium poppy plant (PapaverSomniferum)
*“Morphium” and later changed to Morphine after the Greek god of dream, Morpheus.
*Heroin (Diacetylmorphine) synthesized from the drug morphine, was discovered by a British chemist in
the name of Alder Wright. It was called the “miracle drug” because it is believed that it can cure both
opium and morphine addiction
History of drug abuse in the Philippines
* In 1908, the total ban of opium was affected
*In 1953, Republic Act No. 953 was enacted which provided for the registration of collection, and the
imposition of fixed and special taxes upon all persons who produce, import, manufacture, compound,
deal-in, dispense, sell, distribute, or give away opium, marijuana, opium poppies, or coca leaves or any
synthetic drugs which may declared as habit forming. The law
* Methamphetamine Hydrochloride commonly known as shabu
Current Situation
*President Rodrigo R. Duterte assumed office on June 30, 2016, his government launched an
unprecedented campaign against illegal drugs. He declared a “war on drug
*Commonly used drug in the Philippines is a variant of methamphetamine called shabu or “poor man’s
cocaine”
Learning Module 2. The Global Situation of Drug Abuse
First Important Drug Traffic Route

opium poppy, as sources of dangerous drugs are cultivated and harvested mostly in the areas of Middle
East while Europe became the center for drug manufacture and synthesis. United States became the
overall center for drug marketing.
Second Major Drug Traffic Route
Golden Triangle and the Golden Crescent. The Golden Triangle composed of three countries namely
Burma/Myanmar, Laos and Thailand while Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India compose the Golden
crescent

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*Southeast Asia – the “Golden Triangle” approximately produced 60% of opium in the world, 90%
percent of opium in the eastern part of Asia
*Southwest Asia – the “Golden Crescent” is the major supplier of opium poopy, MJ and Heroin products
in the western part of Asia. It produces at least 85% to 90% of all illicit heroin channeled in the drug
underworld market
The World’s Drug Scene
 Middle East –biggest producer of cannabis in the Middle East. Lebanon is also becoming the transit
country for cocaine from South America to European illicit drug markets.
 Spain – is known as the major transshipment point for international drug traffickers in
Europe – and became “the paradise of drug users in Europe”.
 South America – Columbia, Peru, Uruguay, and Panama are the principal sources of allcocaine supply
 Mexico – is known in the world to be the number one producer of marijuana (cannabissativa)
 Philippines – is second to Mexico as to the production of marijuana. Philippines today is known as the
drug paradise of drug abusers in Asia.
 India – is the center of the world’s drug map, leading to rapid addiction among its people.
 Indonesia – Northern Sumatra has traditionally been the main cannabis growing area in Indonesia. Bali
Indonesia is an important transit point for drugs en route to Australia and New Zealand.
 Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand – is the most favorable sites of drug distribution from the “Golden
Triangle” and other parts of Asia.
 China – is the transit route for heroin from the “Golden Triangle” to Hong Kong. It is also, the country
where the “epedra” plant is cultivated – source of the drug ephedrine – the principal chemical for
producing the drug shabu.
 Hong Kong – is the world’s transshipment point of all forms of heroin.
 Japan – became the major consumer of cocaine and shabu from the United States and
Europe.
Chinese triad, also called the Chinese Mafia is the oldest and biggest criminal
organization in the world. It is believed to be the controller of the “Golden Triangle” with
international connections on drug trafficking
Bamboo Gang is the influence of the Green Gang of the Chinese Triad while the 14K is the newest
among the triads families established only in 1947
Learning Module 3 What Are Drugs?
Operational Definition of Terms
 Administer – the act introducing any dangerous drug into the body of any person withor without his
knowledge.  Chemical – is any substance taken into the body that alters the way and the mind and the
bodywork.
 Cultivate – it means the act of knowingly planting, growing, raising or permitting the planting, growing,
raising of any plant which is the source of a prohibited drug.
 Drug Abuse – is the illegal, wrongful or improper use of any drug.
 Drug Addiction – refers to the state of periodic or chronic intoxication produced by the repeated
consumption of a drug.
 Drug Dependence – refers to the state of psychic or physical dependence or both on dangerous drugs
following the administration or use of that drug.
 Pusher – any person who sell, administer, deliver or give away to another, distribute, transport any
dangerous drug.
 Tolerance – is the tendency to increase dosage of drugs to maintain the same effect in the body.
 Treatment – a medical service rendered to a client for the effective management of his total condition
related to drug abuse. It deals with the physiological and psychosocial complications arising from drug
abuse

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  Use – the act of injecting, consuming, any dangerous drugs. The means of introducing the dangerous
drug into the physiological system of the body.
The Drug Abuse Jargons
Jargons Meaning
1. Opiate - Narcotic
2. On – the Nod/Nodding - suspended sleep
3. Mainline/to shoot - injecting a drug into the vein
4. A Hit - slang for injection of drugs
5. Work - apparatus for injecting a drug
6. A Fix - one injection of opiate
7. Juni - heroin
8. Junkie - an opiate addict
9. Skin popping - to inject a drug under the skin
10. A Bag - a pocket of drug
11. Cold Turkey - withdrawal effects of opiate use
12. Track - scars on the skin due to injection
13. Overdose - death occurred
14. Speed - amphetamines
15. Speed Freaks - amphetamine addicts
16. Uppers - street slang for amphetamines
17. Rush - the beginning of a high
18. High - under the influence of drugs
19. Coke - street slang for cocaine
20. Flashback - drug use after stoppage
21. Acid - slang term for LSD
22. Acid Head - LSD user
23. Drop - taking drug orally
24. Joint - an MJ Cigar
25. Roach - butt end of a joint
26. Stoned - the intoxicating effect of a drug
27. Trip - reaction that is caused by drugs
28. Head - drug user
29. Downer - street slang for depressant
The Nature of Drugs
drug is a substance used as a medicine or in making medicines, which affects the body and mind and
have potential for abuse. Without an advice or prescription from a physician, drugs can be harmful
Prescriptive Drugs These are drugs requiring written authorization from a doctor to allow purchase
Over-the-Counter Drugs (OTC) The OTC drugs are non-prescription medicines, which may be purchased
from any pharmacy or drugstore without written authorization from a doctor. OTC drugs are used for
the prevention and symptomatic relief of minor ailments
Self-Medication Syndrome These could be members of the family, relatives, and/or neighbors, all of
whom may have previously used the drug for their specific disease or disorder. Self-medication may
work against the good of the user because it can lead to intoxication and other adverse reactions
The Physiology of Drugs
1. Minimal Dose – the amount needed to treat or heal, that is the smallest amount of a drug that will
produce a therapeutic effect.
2. Maximal Dose – the largest amount of a drug that will produce a desired therapeutic effect, without
any accompanying symptoms of toxicity.

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 3. Toxic Dose – the amount of drug that produces untoward effects or symptoms of poisoning.
4. Abusive Dose – the amount needed to produce the side effects and action desired by an individual
who improperly uses it.
5. Lethal Dose – the amount of drug that will
How Drugs are Administered
1. Oral – this is the safest most convenient and economical route, gastro-intestinal tract and induce
vomiting. (pinkasafe)
2, Injection –drug faster response than the oral method. drugs directly into the body tissue and blood
circulation (pinakamabilis)
3. Inhalation – this route makes use of gaseous and volatile drugs, which are inhaled and absorbed
rapidly through the mucous of the respiratory tract (example Asthmatic)
4. Topical –drugs directly to a body site such as the ski and the mucous membrane
5. Iontophoresis – the introduction of drugs into the deeper layers of the skin by the use of special type
of electric current for local
What is Toxicology Is commonly known as the science of poisons, their effects and antidotes. In
connection, drugs may cause dangerous effects
1. Overdose – when too much of a drug is taken
2. Allergy –histamine giving rise to allergic symptoms such as dermatitis, swelling, fall in blood pressure,
suffocation and death.
3. Idiosyncrasy – it refers to the individual reaction to a drug, food, etc. for unexplained reasons.
Morphine for example, which sedates all men, stimulates and renders some women maniacal behaviors.
4. Poisonous Property – drugs are chemicals and some of them have the property of being general
protoplasmic poisons.
5. Side Effects – some drugs are not receptors for one organ but receptors of other organs as well. The
effect in the other organs may constitute a side effect, which are most of the time unwanted.
What are some Medical Uses of Drugs?
1. Analgesics – are drugs that relieve pain
2. Antibiotics – are drugs that combat or control infectious organisms.
3. Antipyretics – those that can lower body temperature or fever due to infection
4. Antihistamines –control or combat allergic reactions
5. Contraceptives – drugs that prevent the meeting of the egg cell and sperm cell or
prevent the ovary from releasing egg cells
6. Decongestants – those that relieve congestion of the nasal passages.
7. Expectorants – those that can ease the expulsion of mucus and phlegm from the lungs and the
throat(Ubo)

8. Laxatives –defecation and encourage bowel movement. Taking purgatives (stronger than
laxatives) unnecessarily might result in rupture of the intestines or appendix if there is an
obstruction. Constant use might make the intestines sluggish (poops
9. Sedatives and tranquilizers – are those that can calm the quiet the nerves and relieve anxiety
without causing depression and clouding of the mind. (Baliw para magpakalma, anxiety)
10. Vitamins–those substances necessary form normal growth and development and proper
functioning of the body.
1 2 3 4 5.

6 7 8 9 10

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 Learning Module 4 Drugs and Causes of Dependence
1. Oral Ingestion – the drug taken by the mouth and must pass through the stomach before being
absorbed into the blood-stream. This is one of the most common waysof taking a drug.(capsule)
2. Inhalation – a drug in gaseous form enters the lungs and is quickly absorbed by
the capillary system. It is probably the second most commonly-used route of drug
administration.
3. Injection – the drug can be administered into the body by the use of a syringe or
hypodermic needle in the following ways
A. Subcutaneous
B. Intramuscular
C. Intraveneous
4. Snorting – inhalation through the nose of drugs not in gaseous form. It is done by inhaling a
powder of a liquid drug into the nasal coats of the mucous membrane.
5. Buccal – the drug is administered by placing it in the buccal cavity just under the lips. The active
ingredients of the drug are absorbed into the bloodstream through the soft tissues lining the mouth
6. Suppositories – the drug is administered through the vagina or rectum in suppository form and the
drug is also absorbed into the bloodstream
Levels of Drug Taking
1. Drug Use – it occurs when the effects of a drug sought can be realized with minimal
hazards, whether or not used therapeutically, legally or as prescribed by a physician.
2. Drug Misuse – it occurs when a drug is taken or administered under circumstances
and a dose that significantly increases the hazards to the individual or to others.
3. Drug Abuse – it occurs when a drug is taken under circumstances and at a dose
that significantly increases their hazards or potentials whether or not used
therapeutically
General Patterns of Drug-Taking
1. Circumstantial-Situational Use – drug-taking on a short-term basis as a way of coping with some
immediate distress or pressure (pressure engaged)
2. Experimental Use –combination. Curiosity to experience something new,
3. Social-Recreational Use –motivated by desire to share pleasurable experiences. (Gusto mol ng
subukan kasi kaibigan mo gumagamet)
4. Intensified Use - individual to achieve relief from persistent problems or stressful situations in the
desire to maintain a certain self-prescribed level of performance.
5. Compulsive Use – it is characterized by diminished social integration and functioning.
Drug Habituation - is a condition resulting from the repeated consumption
Classifications of Dangerous Drugs (According to Effects)
A. Depressants (Downers) – these are drugs which suppress vital body function especially those of
the brain or central nervous system with the resulting impairment of judgment, hearing, speech
and muscular coordination., generally decrease both the mental and the physical activities of
the body. They cause depression, relieve pain and induce sedation or sleep and suppress cough
(Paluya, pag-antukin ka)
1, Narcotics – are drugs, which relieve pain and produce profound sleep or stupor when introduced
to the body
2, Opium – derived from a poppy plant – Papaversomniferum popularly known as “gum”, “gamot”,
“kalamay” or panocha”. A plant that can grow from 3 to 6 ft in height originally in Mesopotamia. Its
active ingredient is the “meconic” acid – the analgesic property
3,Morphine – most commonly used and best used opiate. Effective as painkiller six times potent than
opium, with a high dependence

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4, Heroine – is three to five times more powerful than morphinefrom which it is derived and the most
addicting opium derivative. With continued use, addiction occurs within 14 day
5. Codeine – a derivative of morphine, commonly available incough preparations. These cough
medicines
6, Paregoric – a tincture of opium in combination with camphor. Commonly used as a household remedy
for diarrhea and abdominal pain(lupot)
7, Demerol and Methadone – common synthetic drugs with morphine – like effect. Demerol is widely
used as a painkiller in childbirth while methadone
8. Barbiturates – are drugs used for inducing sleep in persons plagued with anxiety, mental stress, and
insomnia. They are also of value in the treatment of epilepsy and hypertension
9. Seconal – commonly used among hospitality girls (prostitute)
10.Tranquilizers – are drugs that calm and relax and diminish anxiety. They are used in the treatment of
nervous states and some mental disorders without producing sleep. (hindi katulog buang)
11.Volatile solvents – gaseous substances popularly known to abusers as “gas”, “teardrops
12.Alcohol – the king of all drugs with potential for abuse
B. Stimulants (Uppers) – they produce effects opposite to that of depressants. Instead of bringing about
relaxation and sleep, they produce increased mental alertness, wakefulness, reduce hunger, and provide
a feeling of well-being (Energetic alive, gana)
1. Amphetamines – used medically for weight reducing in obesity, relief of mild depression and
treatment
2. Cocaine – the drug taken from the coca bush plant (Erythroxylon Coca) intense feeling of “highness
3. Caffeine – it is present in coffee, tea, chocolate, cola drinks and some wake up pills
4. Shabu/”poor man’s cocaine” – chemically known as methamphetamine hydrochloride. It is central
nervous system stimulant and sometimes called “upper” or “speed”
5. Nicotine – an active component in tobacco which acts as a powerful stimulant of the central nervous
system. A drop of pure nicotine can easily kill a person
C. Hallucinogens (Psychedelic) –variety of mind-altering drugs, which distort reality, thinking and
perceptions of the time, sound, space and sensation (hindi reality)
1. Marijuana –commonly abused hallucinogen in the Philippines users choose to smoke marijuana for
relaxation in the same way people drink beer or cocktail at the end of the day. The effects of marijuana
include a feeling of grandeur
2. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) – this drug is the most powerful of the psychedelics obtained from
ergot, a fungus that attacks rye kernels.
3. Peyote – is derived from the surface part of a small Graybrown cactus. Peyote emits a nauseating
odor and its user suffers from nausea.
4. Mescaline -alkaloid hallucinogen It produces less nausea than peyote and shows effects resembling
those of LSD although milder in nature
5.STP – it is a take-off on the motor oil additive. It is chemical derivative of mescaline claimed to produce
more violent and longer effect than mescalin
6. Psilocybin – hallucinogenic alkaloid from small Mexican mushroom mood changes with vision of
bright colors and shapes and other hallucination. These effects may last for four to five hours and later
may be followed by depressions, laziness, and complete loss of time and space perception
7. Morning Glory Seeds – the black and brown seeds to the wild tropical morning glory that are used to
produce hallucination
The Three Most Popular Plants as Sources of Dangerous Drugs
A. Marijuana plant- Spanish-Mexican term used Indian Hemp plant. height of 15 to 20 feet
Scientifically named as Cannabis Sativa member of the Cannabina. The female plant is known as

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 the Pistillate (shorter but long-lived) while the male plant is called the Staminate (taller but
short-lived)
B. opium poppy plant is scientifically known as PapaverSomniferum. dream/ induced sleep. The
plant can grow from 3 to 6 feet in height originally in Mesopotamia. active ingredient is the
Meconic acid – the analgesic. plant are morphine, heroin and codeine.
C. Coca Bush Plant- The coca bush plant is scientifically known as Erythroxylon Coca common in
South America. The plant grows in mountainous and tropical climate areas, height of 6 to 8 feet
and can be harvested 3 to 4 times in a year. The dangerous drug that can be produced from this
plant is the drug Cocaine – the most powerful natural stimulant known as cocaine hydrochloride
Learning Module 5. The Influence of Drug Abuse
Drug Addiction is characterized by an inability to stop using the substance of abuse, whether for
pleasure or for relief
Characteristics of Drug Addiction
1. Uncontrollable Craving – the addict feels a compulsive craving to take drug
repeatedly and tries to procure the same by any means.
2. Tolerance – is the tendency to increase the dose of the drug to produce the same effect as to that
of the original effect.
3. Addiction – the addict is powerless to quit drug use.
4. Physical Dependence–the addict’s physiological functioning is altered. The body becomes sick,
inactive and incapable of carrying out useful activity in the absence of the drug.
5. Psychological Dependence – emotional and mental discomfort exist to the individual.
6. Withdrawal Syndrome – the addict becomes nervous and relentless when he does not get the
drug. After about 12 hours, he starts sweating. His nose and eyes become watery and continue
doing so increasingly for another twelve hours
The General Effects of Drug Abuse
1. Physical Effects
a) Malnutrition- the life of an addict revolves around drug use
b) Skin Infections and Skin Rashes- Skin rashes may even occur as side effect or sensitivity
reaction to certain drugs of abuse.
2, Psychological Effects- The abuse of drugs can bring many psychological malfunctions
3.Social Effects- The drug abuser may also experience social dysfunctions
4. Mental Effects– the drug abuser can experience adverse effect on the central nervous system
5. Economic Effects
1. Depressants – users of depressant drugs may suffer the following:
a. Death due to respiratory arrest.
b. In large doses can cause respiratory depression and coma, the combination of depressants and
alcohol can multiply the effect of the drugs, thereby multiplying
the risks.
c. Babies born to mothers who abuse depressants during pregnancy may be physically dependent on
the drug and show withdrawal symptom shortly after they are born. Birth defects and behavioral
problems may also result.
2. Stimulants – users of stimulants may suffer the following:
a. Death due to infections, high blood pressures. b. Extremely high doses can cause a rapid or irregular
heartbeat, tremors, loss of
coordination, and even physical collapse. Shabu
a. Overdose leads to chest pains, hypertension, acute psychotic reaction, convulsions and death due to
cardiac arrest.
b. Due to the appetite suppressing effects of shabu, pregnant mother may become

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malnourished. This may affect the nutritional needs of the baby.
c. Babies born to shabu-using women show sever emotional disturbances. 3. HALLUCINOGENS – users
of hallucinogens may suffer the following:
a. Can lead to serious mental changes (psychoses) like insanity, suicidal and/or
homicidal tendencies.
b. Poor impulse control.
c. Damage to chromosomes, hence, affecting potentially the offspring.
d. Death due to paralysis of the respiratory syst
Learning Module 6 Approaches to the Drug Problem
Government Laws and Strategies
*RA 6425, also known as the Dangerous Drug Act of 1972 was promulgated in March 30, 1972,
estimated 20,000 Filipino drug users were recorded
* . On November 9, 1972, Presidential Decree No. 44 procedurally amended Section 4 of RA 6425. By the
year 19
Law Enforcement Approach
*The Philippine government considers drug abuse as a multi-faceted problem that threats the health
and well-being of the Filipinos across all levels of society. The Dangerous Drug Act (Republic Act 6425)
has been created to control the drug problem
Composition of the DDB
The Dangerous drug board is composed of six (6) officio members of cabinet
Members of the Board
 Secretary of Justice - Acting Chairman
 Secretary of Health - Vice Chairman
 Executive Director, DDB - Ex-officio member
 Secretary of National Defense - Ex-officio member
 Secretary of Finance - Ex-officio member
 Secretary of DECS - Ex-officio member
 Secretary of DSWD - Ex-officio member
National Campaign Strategies
1. Demand Reduction Strategy
a. Preventive education and information campaigns to prevent further demand of society particularly
the youth.
b. Treatment and rehabilitation of drug depend
2. Supply Reduction Strategy
a. Dangerous Drug Law enforcement
b. Judicial and Legislative measures
3. International Cooperation Strategy
a. international interdictions
b. Coordination with the Interpol
c. Linkages with the ASEAN community
d. UN anti-drug convention
The Narcotics Command (NARCOM) The law enforcement agency of the government primarily utilized
for the supply reduction strategy particularly on the enforcement of Republic Act 6425. NARCOM has
the role on all law enforcement efforts in order to realize the main objective of eliminating the drug
problem
Operational Plans against the Drug Problems
1. Oplan ThunderboltI – NARCOM’s operations to create impact to the underworld.
2. Oplan Thunderbolt II – NARCOM’s operations to neutralize suspected illegal drug laboratories.

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3. Oplan Thunderbolt III – operations for the neutralization of big-time drug pushers, drug dealers and
drug lords.
4. Oplan Iceberg – special operations team in selected drug prone areas in order to get rid of illegal drug
activities in the area
5. Oplan Hunter – NARCOM’s operations against suspected military and police personnel who are
engaged in illegal drug activities.
6. OplanMercurio – operations against drug stores, which are violating existing regulations on the scale
of regulated drugs in coordination with the DDB/DOH and BFAD.
7. Oplan Tornado – operations in drug notorious and high-profile places.
8. OplanGreengold – NARCOM’s nationwide MJ eradication operations in coordination with the local
governments and NGO’s.
9. OplanSagip-Yagit – a civic program initiated by NGO’s and local government offices to help eradicate
drug syndicates involving street children as drug conduits.
10. Oplan Banat – the newest operational plan against drug abuse focused in the barangay level in
cooperation with barangay officials.
11. Oplan Athena – operation conducted to neutralize the 14k, the bamboo gang and other local
organized sonnel

11. Oplan Cyclops – operation against Chinese triad members involved in illegal drug operations
particularly Methamphetamine Hydrochloride.
B. Coverage of the Rules
a. Buy – bust Operations –Entrapment has received judicial sanction as long as it is carried with due
regard to constitutional and legal safeguards
b. Search for Drug evidence with Warrant – is an order in writing issued in the name of the People of the
Philippines, signed by a judge and directed to a peace officer
c. Marijuana Eradication marijuana plantations, including the identification, arrest and prosecution of
the planter, owner or cultivator, and the escheating of the land where the plantations are located.
d. Mobile Checkpoint Operations – no other forms of checkpoints other than mobile checkpoints are
authorized for drug enforcement and prevention operations.
e. Airport and Seaport Interdiction – involves the conduct of surveillance, interception and interdiction
of persons and evidence during travel by air or sea vessels.
f. Controlled Delivery - through or into the territory of one or more countries, with the knowledge and
under the supervision of their competent authorities with a view to identifying persons involved in the
commission of drug related offenses.
g. Undercover Operations – is an investigative technique in which the personnel involve assumes
different identities in order to obtain the necessary information.
h. Narcotic Investigation – is a necessary tool employed by drug enforcement agencies in building up
relevant and competent evidence, which are vital in the development of a drug case
Treatment and Rehabilitation Approach
1. Treatment – the medical service rendered to a client for the effective management of physical
and mental conditions related to drug abuse
Detoxification – it is a medically supervised elimination of drugs from the system of any addicted person
Methods of Detoxification
1. Cold Turkey – self drug withdrawal
2. Substitution – the use of methodex, catapress, haemasin, dextropropoxyphene, tranquilizers.
3. Reduction Method – using the same drug to which the patient is dependent. The process could be
gradual
Methods of Rehabilitation

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 1. Psychotherapeutic Methods
a. Individual Therapy – this involves a one-to-one relationship whose aim is to help the patient
reduce his drug abusing behavior and develop insight into his condition.
b. Group Therapy – is a form of therapy where the individual is helped through group process.
c. Unstructured Group Therapy – the role of the therapist can be assumed by the entire group
or group members.
d. The Family Therapy – this form of intervention is based on recognition that while the family as
a primary social unit, can be a source of problem leading to drug abuse
2. The Spiritual and Religious Means This is the development of moral and spiritual values of the drug
dependent
3. The Follow-up and After-Care The process of rehabilitation does not end upon the release or
discharge of client from a center. After his discharge, he has to undergo follow-up and after-care
services for a period of not more than 18 months by the appropriate center personnel
Strategies in drug abuse prevention
1. Drug Education – It is a movement, which utilizes humanistic techniques in both school-based and
community-oriented drug abuse prevention programs.
2. Drug Information focused on the dissemination of basic facts of the causes and effects of drug abuse
with the objective of creating awareness and vigilance of the people in the community
3. Alternatives Primarily the emphasis should be on service or constructive and productive pursuits and
recreational activities that are usually community-based
4. Interventions – this strategy is applied to experimenters and potential drug abusers.
Drug Outlook in the ASEAN Countries
1. Thailand – the training center for: a. Undercover operations b. Investigations c. Informant
handling d. Surveillance e. Other enforcement techniques
2. Philippines – the adoption of the Drug Demand Reduction Strategy and Supply Reduction
Strategy
3. Malaysia– the Asian treatment and rehabilitation training center is sponsored by the
International Labor Union located in Malaysia
4. Singapore – is responsible in the area of research as part of the Asian anti-narcotic work.
Non-Government Organizations (NGO’s) The group of concerned individuals responsible for helping the
government in the pursuit of community development being partners of providing the common good
and welfare of the people through public service
media is the best institution for information dissemination thereby giving the public the necessary need
to know, and do help shape everyday views about drug abuse, its control and prevention
Learning Module 7 Narcotic Control and Investigation
Considerations in Narcotic Control and Investigation
The Violation
1. Republic Act No. 6425 (Dangerous Drug Act of 1972), as amended by Presidential Decree Nos. 44,
1675, 1703 and Batas PambansaBlg. 179. (RA 6425 has superseded provisions of the Revised Penal
Code relating to drugs), provides for importation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors
and Essential Chemicals. President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on June 7, 2002
2. Republic Act No. 953 (Narcotic Law of 1953). This law requires the registration of persons (including
juridical persons) with the Bureau of Internal Revenue to produce, import, manufacture,
compound, deal in, dispense, sell, distribute and give away opium, marijuana, opium, opium
poppies or coca leaves, or any synthetics drugs which had been declared habit-forming by the
President of the Philippines, including their salts, derivatives or preparation.

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3. The National Internal Revenue Code of 1977 (As amended). This requires the keeping of true and
correct record of prohibited drugs by physicians, dentist, veterinarians, or pharmacists, as required
by law by the regulation of the Department of Finance.

The Violators – The Persons of Importance

1. Addict or User. A “user” is one who injects, intravenously or intramuscularly, or consumes,
either by chewing, smoking, sniffing, eating, swallowing, drinking, or otherwise introducing into
the physiological system of the body, and of the dangerous drugs. An “addict” is one who
habitually uses dangerous drugs
2. Pusher – refers to any person who sells, administers, delivers, or gives away to another, on any
terms whatsoever, or distributes or dispatches in transit or transport any dangerous drug or
who acts as a broker in any such transaction
The Evidence
Prohibited Drugs – these include opium and its active components and derivatives, the coca leaf
and beta eucaine, and the hallucinogenic drugs.
1. Opium – opium is refers to the coagulated juice of the opium poppy and embraces every kind,
character and class of opium, whether crude of prepared; the ashes or refuse of the same; narcotic
prepared; the ashes or refuse of the same, narcotic preparations.
2. Cocaine – (Methyl ecgonine). Cocaine (C12 H21nO4) is an alkaloid obtained from the leaves of
Erythorxylon coca and the other species of ErthroxlonLinne, or by synthesis from ecgoine and its
derivatives.
3. Marijuana (Cannabis Sativa) – is a seasonal plant grown from seed. Depending on soil and
weather condition, it grows approximately 20 feet. The leaves come in clusters of 3, 5, 7, 9 to 13
leaflets. The leaflets are elongated with the tip pointed and the sides serrated.
4. Hallucinogens – these are the drugs that are capable of creating hallucinations in the mind of the
taker such as Lysergic Acid Diethylamide commonly known as LSD and other drugs falling under this
category are DMT, STP, peyote and morning glory seeds.
5.Synthetic Drugs – those having the same physiological action as a narcotic drug, such as
methadone and Demerol
Handling of narcotics evidence

Evidence handling
Physical evidence- The investigator should be constantly on alert to obtain physical evidence during
an inquiry for presentation in court.
Drug Seizures – one officer, preferably the officer who made the seizure, should be detailed to take
charge of the drug found.
Photographs – a permanent written record should be kept relating to photographs taken in the
course of an investigation, noting the time, date and place of the photograph, its subject the
weather condition at the time it was
Court Process –. The warrant authorizing such search usually becomes an item of physical evidence
in a subsequent prosecution. The investigator should be hindered by a successful court challenge of
the validity of the warrant because of the manner of its issue or execution.
Documents–that may become evidence in a prosecution should be retained in their original form.
They should be treated in much the same manner as drug seizures with regard to identification,
Republic act 6425
Dangerous Drug Act of 1972, as amended by Presidential Decree Nos. 44, 1675, 1703 and Batas
Pambansa Blg. 179. (RA 6425 has superseded provisions of the Revised
Penal Code relating to drugs.

11
 Republic act 9165
An act instituting “The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002”, repealing
Republic Act No. 6425, otherwise known as the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972, as amended,
providing funds therefore, and for other purposes
Learning Module 8. Substance Abuse and Vice control
Alcohol – is a narcotic and has depressant effect on the system, Alcohol is one of the oldest
intoxicants known to man.
Alcohol is a colorless, tasteless clear liquid. It boils at 78.4 degrees Celsius. It has a
pleasant odor and gives a burning sensation to the mouth, esophagus and stomach. Like
many drugs, alcohol is toxic. It can poison the human body if taken in large amounts or in
combination with other drugs. Alcohol is a depressant not a stimulant.
There are two kinds of alcohol – methyl and ethyl alcohol. Methyl alcohol is very
poisonous and is not put in drinks but is use in some industries. Ethyl alcohol is used in
alcoholic drinks, which are made by breweries. The fermentation occurs when germs called
yeast act on sugars in food to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide. Fermented brews and
spirits contain different amounts of alcohol. The amount in beer is less than in other drinks. It varies
from 2.5% to 8% in different countries.
The Common Alcoholic Drinks
1. Beers – they contain 2 to 6 percent alcohol, e.i. beer, ale, stout.
2. Wines – they contain about 10 percent alcohol, e.i. champagne, hock.
3. Fortified Wines – liquors that contains 10 to 20 percent alcohol, e.i. port-sherry, others.
4. Spirits – liquors that contain 40 to 60 percent alcohol, e.i. Whiskey, brandy, rum, gins
Types of Drinkers
1. Occasional Drinker – drinks on special occasions or uses alcohol as a homeremedy, takes only a
few drinks per year.
2. Frequent Drinker – drinks at parties and social affairs. Intake of alcohol may beonce a week or
occasionally reaches three or four times per week, uses beverages torelease inhibitions and
tensions.
3. Regular Drinker – may drink daily or consistently on weekends, usually comesfrom cultural
background where wine or beer is used with meals to enhance the flavor of the food.
4. Alcohol Dependent – drinks to have good time, excessive drinking occursoccasionally but drinker
may not become alcoholic.
5. Alcoholic – has lost control of his use of alcohol. Alcohol assumes primary goal inhis life, even to
the exclusion of physical health and interests of family and society in general.
Usual Motives for Drinking
1. Traditional – social and religious functions.
2. Status – symbol of success and prestige.
3. Dietary – dining incomplete without wine, integral part of today’s way of “graciousliving”.
4. Social – release tensions and inhibitions so user can tolerate and enjoy another’scompany.
5. Shortcut to Adulthood – user unsure of maturity, drinks to prove himself. 6. Ritual – fosters
group feeling, cocktail parties, toasts made to brides, wishes forgood health.
7. Path of least resistance – doesn’t want to drink but doesn’t want to abstain so
goes along with everyone else
Effects of Alcohol on the Drinker
General effect on the body
1. Euphoria – feeling of well-being increased confidence, temporary relief from fatigue, pain or
depression.

12
2. Muscular in coordination – the depression of motor functions and causes greater dulling of the
brain that controls inhibitions. The person may become hilarious, morose, irritable or excitable
without proper cause. He may suffer from slurred
speech and staggering gait
3. Respiratory Paralysis – if more liquor is consumed the paralysis of the respiratory centers sets
in. the person may suffer from complete in coordination of muscles, stertorous breathing,
sleep, coma, and death
1. Fatal dose – the fatal dose of liquor of an ordinary person is about 200 to 500ml of absolute
alcohol (for adults) and about 50ml onward for children.
2. Fatal period – the fatal effects of alcohol may appear with in 10 to 24 hours. But in some cases,
death may take place even after a number of days.
3. Alcoholic allergy – some persons are allergic to alcoholic drinks. The drinks may cause them to be
mad and they behave like maniacs under the influence or liquor
Effects on Brain and the Central Nervous System
The nerves are like telephone wires coming out of the control system in the brain
and spinal cord. They send and receive messages from all parts of the body. Alcohol slows
down the work of the brain cells have feelings of increased personal or social power. After heavy
drinking, and when the pain killing effects of the alcohol are removed, the person may suffer
from a hangover. A hangover is the word used to describe the terrible pain and horrible
effects, which follow a period of heavy drinking
Effects on the Stomach and Intestines
Alcohol damages the stomach and intestines and makes them sore. This can cause a
burning sensation, nausea and vomiting. Sometimes there is bleeding
Effects on the Liver- dangerous to take medicines with alcohol
Effects on the Heart and muscles Alcohol affects the heart and other muscles so they become
weaker and less effective. This makes people tired and breathless
Effects on the Blood The activity of the liver trying to get rid of the alcohol results in many changes
to the blood-for example – blood sugar is lowered and blood fats are increased.
Effects on the Kidneys Alcohol decreased the ability of the kidneys to get rid of some waste product
Alcohol Control
Legal Control
Intoxication-Under the law, intoxication is an Alternative Circumstance. Alternative Circumstances
are those which must be taken into consideration as aggravating or mitigating circumstances
according to the nature and effects of the crime and the other conditions attending its commission
Liquor as a Volatile Substance – under P.D. 1619, sale and offer to sell to minors of liquors or
beverages with alcoholic content of 30% or above is punishable
Social Control-Today, one of the numerous programs for alcoholics is the religious means of
Alcoholics Anonymous or the AA
Alcoholics Anonymous-– is a practical approach to the problem of alcoholism which has met a
considerable success.
Alcoholism can be treated through biological measures ranging from detoxification procedures to
brain surgery. alcoholics to undergo medical measures of detoxification
Detoxification – is the elimination of alcoholic substances from the individual’s body; treatment of
the withdrawal symptoms; and on medical regimen for physical rehabilitation.
Learning Module 9. Tobacco and Gambling
Tobacco plant, scientifically known as NicotianaTabacum, is a plant grown for its leaves, which are
smoked, chewed, or sniffed for a variety of effects. Tobacco is considered addictive because it

13
 contains the addictive chemical Nicotine. Sniffing and chewing tobacco originated in North America
and Europe.
Tobacco Smoking
 tobacco is one of the foremost public health problems in the world today. Tobacco had for
centuries been used all over the world
 world one person dies every 13 seconds from tobacco related diseases.
 lung cancer, 95% of all cases of chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Tobacco Chemicals
1. Nicotine – is the most important active ingredient in controlled doses. It is an extremely toxic
substance. A typical cigarette contains 1-2mg of nicotine.
2. Carbon Monoxide – a poisonous gas similar to the gas that emanates from a car’s
exhaust pipe. It is responsible for the shortness of breath among smokers.
3. Tar – the brownish viscous substance known to be the cancer-causing component of tobacco
smoking.
The effects of tobacco smoking consist primarily of ill health and of human suffering
Effects on the Cardiovascular System Increases in heart attack risk with amount smoke; ; Causes
carbon monoxide
Effects on the Respiratory System Increases risks of developing lung cancer ten-fold for the average
of one pack a day smoker, A major cause of chronic bronchitis,
Gambling –
 is usually defined as wagering on games or events in which chance largely determines the
outcome.
 Gambling – is a vice that is difficult to control. Although the behavior pattern known as
pathological compulsive gambling does not involve chemically addictive substance
Psychotherapy in gambling is an approach based on some findings that pathological
gamblers marital relationship is generally chaotic and turbulent, with the spouse frequently
showing seriously maladaptive patterns also.

Pathological gamblers who want to change may find help through membership in Gamblers Anonymous,
which is modeled through the Alcoholics Anonymous

Drug Education and Vice Control Reviewer

1875 - in San Francisco California, enacted an ordinance which banned the smoking of opium in opium
dens.
1919 - the prohibition of alcohol commenced in Finland.
1920 - the prohibition of alcohol commenced in the United States.
1974 - the Inter Agency Committee on Drug Prevention Education was created and played vital role in
the integration of drug abuse prevention concepts in social actions programs.
1979 - the first International non-governmental organization conference was held in Jakarta, Indonesia,
followed by the second which was held from November 3 to 8, 1980 at Manila. After the second
conference, the Philippine council of Non-Governmental Organization was organized.
1988 - the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic
Substances was held further bolstering anti-drug laws.
Addiction - A person has an addiction when he becomes dependent on or craves a drug and believes he
needs the drug to live. All an addicted drug user can think about is getting the next dose after getting
high.
Classification of Commonly Used Drugs

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 Psychoactive Drugs - These are often described as a psychotropic (mind affecting) or mind-altering
drug. It is a chemical substance that changes ones thinking, feelings, perceptions and behaviors.
a. Depressants - they are drugs that affects the central nervous system causing it to relax.

Common Types of Depressants

1. Narcotics - refers to any drugs which produces insensibility, stupor, melancholy or dullness of
mind with delusion and which may be habit forming.
2. Barbiturates - drugs that affect the central nervous system causing sedation.
3. Tranquilizers - are drugs which relieves uncomfortable emotional feelings by reducing anxiety
and promoting relaxation.
4. Alcohol - fermented or distilled liquids or drug containing ethanol and intoxicating substances.
5. Solvents and Inhalants - volatile liquids that give off a vapor, which is inhaled producing short
term excitement
    and euphoric followed by a period of disorientation. Its
            effect includes nausea, sneezing, coughing, nose bleeds,
            fatigue,lack of coordination and loss of appetite.

      b. Stimulants - chemical substances that generally speed up

         central nervous system function, resulting in alertness and
         excitability.

         Common Types of Stimulants

         1. Cocaine - a natural stimulants derived from the plant
            erythroxylon coca.
         2. Methamphetamine/Amphetamine - man made stimulants drugs.
         3. Caffeine - a stimulant found in coffee.
         4. Nicotine - an addictive substance usually obtained from
            cigarette smoking.

      c. Hallucinogen/Psychedelics - sometimes known as “all rounder's”

         and “mind expanders” these drugs affects the person
         perceptions, awareness, emotions and can also cause
         hallucinations as well as illusions.

         Common Types of Hallucinogens

         1. Marijuana
         2. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
         3. Ecstacy
         4. PCP, Psilocybin mushroom and peyote

Cocaine - is a stimulant of the central nervous system and an appetite

suppressant, giving rise to what has been described as a euphoric
sense of happiness and increased energy. It is a quick acting drug
whose effects are rapid from the time of intake. It is legally used
in medicine as a topical anesthetic, specifically in the eye, nose and
throat surgery. It is a crystallinetropane alkaloid that is derived
from the leaves of the coca plant known as “Erythroxylon”

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      Alexander Bennet - he discovered the first medical use of
      cocaine in 1873 as anesthetic.

      1879 - cocaine was used to treat morphine addiction.

      1884 - cocaine was introduced into clinical use as anesthetic.

      in Germany.

      1970 - cocaine gained popularity as a recreational drug.

      Medellin and Cali Cartel - were founded in Colombia to meet the

      new demand for cocaine. The Cali Cartel became the number one
      cocaine trafficker after the death of Pablo Escobar.

      Pablo Escobar - the founder of the Medellin Cartel who was

      killed by the police in late 1993.

Chemicals – is any substance taken into the body, which alters the
way, the mind and the bodywork.

Chemical Abuse – is an instance when the use of a chemical has

produced a negative or harmful consequence.

Codeine - Methylmorphine is an opiate used for its analgesic,

anti-tussive and anti-diarrheal properties. It is marketed as the
salt codeine sulfate and codeinephosphate. It is also often used
as recreational drugs. This is primarily because of its easy
availability over the counter or on prescription in combination
of products.

Dangerous Drugs - are those that have high tendency for abuse and
dependency, these substances may be organic or synthetic, and pose
harm to those who use them.

Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972 - marked the government assurance to strict

policy against drug abuse. The act was subsequently amended through
Presidential Degree No. 44. Dangerous Drug Board was created to
implement the provisions of the Dangerous Drug Act as the national
policy making body and deal with other related matters on drug abuse
prevention and control.

Dangerous Drugs Board - is the policy making and strategy-formulating

body, under the office of the President, in the planning and
formulation of policies and programs on drug prevention and control.

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      The late President Ferdinand E. Marcos, organized the Dangerous
      Drugs Board on November 14, 1972 under the Office of the President.

      National Agencies Forming Part of the Dangerous Drugs Board

      1. DOH  - Department of Health
      2. DSWD - Department of Social Welfare and Development
      3. DECS - Department of Education, Culture and Sports
      4. DOJ  - Department of Justice
      5. DND  - Department of National Defense
      6. DOF  - Department of Finance
      7. DILG - Department of the Interior and Local Government
      8. DOLE - Department of Labor and Employment
      9. DFA  - Department of Foreign Affairs
      10.CHED - Commission on Higher Education
      11.NYC  - National Youth Commission
      12.PDEA - Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency

      Permanent Consultants of the DDB

      1. Director of the NBI
      2. Chief of the PNP

      Two Regular Members of the DDB

      1. President of the IBP - Integrated Bar of the Philippines
      2. Chairman or President of a non-government organization
         involved in dangerous drug campaign to be appointed by
         the President of the Philippines.

      Oplan Iwas Droga - is the national flagship program on drug

      abuse prevention launched by the DDB in 1995.

      Barkada Kontra Droga - is a peer-based program designed as a

      preventive education and information strategy to counter the
      dangers and disastrous effects of drug abuse. It aims to empower
      individuals to be catalysts within their peer groups in
      advocating healthy, drug-free lifestyles through involvement
      in various wholesome activities.

      IDADIN - Integrated Drug Abuse Data and Information Network.

      - is an online drug data pooling and collection system that
      allows better management and assessment of the over-all drug
      demand and supply reduction efforts undertaken by the
      government.

      DDB-DIAL - (DDB Drug Information Action Line) is an action

      center created to receive reports and complaints related to
      drug abuse as well as to provide relevant information and

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      assistance to the public.

      KID Listo - is a mascot created to stand as an icon or

      representation of the drug abuse prevention program. KID
      means Kalaban ng Ilegal na Droga. It was brought to different
      schools and communities all over the country to promote the
      anti-drug advocacy.

      5 Pillar Global Drug Control Approach

      1. Drug Supply Reduction
      2. Drug Demand Reduction
      3. Alternative Development
      4. Civic Awareness and Response
      5. Regional and International Cooperation

Dangerous Drugs Board Certification - is issued to attest that

substance/s manufactured or imported by companies are not included in
the list of dangerous drugs and controlled precursors and essential
chemicals.

      Certificate of Exemption - is issued to exempt products or

      preparations containing dangerous drugs and/or controlled
      substances that are below and above the 30% threshold from
      certain regulatory control measures.

Dependency - is the state of physical and psychological dependence,

or both, on a dangerous drug, or drugs, experienced by a person
following the use of that substance on a periodic or continuous basis.

Depressant - A depressant is a drug that slows a person down. Doctors

prescribed depressants to help people be less angry, anxious, or
tense. Depressants relax muscles and make people feel sleepy or like
their head are stuffed.

Drugs - are chemicals that affect a person in such a way as to bring

about physiological, emotional, or behavioral change.

Drug Abuse - is a patterned use of a substance (drug) in which the

user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are
harmful to themselves or others. Drug abuse exists when a person
continually uses a drug other than its intended purpose. This continued
use can lead to drug addiction and dependency.

      General Signs and Symptoms of Drug Abuse

      1. Unexpected changes of behavior
      2. Significant deterioration of grooming

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      3. Continually wear long sleeve clothing to hide injection marks
      4. Wearing of sunglasses in appropriate time.
      5. Weight loss not attributed to proper physical exercises.
      6. Association with persons who are known drug abusers
      7. Unusual spending of money

Drug Addiction – a state of periodic or chronic (continuous)

intoxication (drunk) detrimental to individual and to the society
produced by the repeated consumption of drugs.
               - Drug addiction refers to the behavioral condition where
an individual’s need to obtain and use (especially, self-administer)
drugs becomes a strong fixation.
               - Drug addiction is a complex, and often chronic,
brain disease. It is characterized by excessive drug craving, seeking,
and use. Addiction is caused by brain changes caused by constant
drug use.

Drug Dependence - A state of psychic or physical dependence, or both

on dangerous drugs, arising in a person following administration or
use of a drug on a periodic or continuous basis.
                - Drug dependence describes the state when an
individual is dependent upon the drug for normal physiological
functioning.

Drug Experimenter - One who illegally, wrongfully, or improperly uses

any narcotics substances, marijuana or dangerous drugs as defined not
more than a few times for reasons of curiosity, peer pressure or
other similar reasons.

Drug Syndicate - it is a network of evil. It is operated and manned

by willful criminals who knowingly traffic  human lives for the money.
Large sum of money, they can make in their illegal and nefarious trade.
The set results of their commerce are physical and mental cripples,
ruined lives, even agonizing death.

Ecstacy - In 1912 MDMA or Methylenedioxymetamphetamine was developed

in Germany as an appetite depressant by the pharmaceutical company
Merck. During the late 1970 psychiatrists and psychologist used the
drugs as treatment for emotional and psychological disorders. Among
the youth users referred it as the “sex drugs”. In its purest form
it is crystalline substance white powder with mastic odor.

Enabling - is any action taken by a concerned person that removes or

softens the negative effect or harmful consequences of drug use upon
the user. Enabling only makes thing worse. It is like fighting
fire with gasoline.

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Facility Based/Treatment Based Data - are data gathered from the
residential and out-patient treatment and rehabilitation centers in
the Philippines.

Hallucinogen - A hallucinogen is a drug, such as LSD, that changes a

person's mood and makes him see, hear, or think things that aren't
really there. Hallucinogens change the way a person feels time,
making it seem to slow down. As the name implies, hallucinogens may
cause hallucinations - this is when people think they see or hear
imaginary people or things.

Harrison Act - passed in 1914, which required sellers of opiates and

cocaine to procure license. Originally intended to require paper trails
of drug transactions between doctors, drug stores and patients, it
soon became a prohibitive law.

Hashish - It is the dark brown resin that is collected from the tops of
potent Cannabis Sativa. It is at least five times stronger than crude
marijuana. Since it is stronger, the effect on the user is more intense,
and the possibility of side effects is greater. Placing the crude plant
material in a solvent makes it. The plant materials then filtered out
and the solvent is removed, yielding a gummy, resinous substance.

Heroin - is also known as Diacetylmorphine, is a semi synthetic opioid.

It mimics endorphins and creates a sense of well being upon entering
the bloodstream usually through intravenous injection. It is widely
used as a illegal drug for its intense euphoria, which often disappears
with increase tolerance.

High - A high is the feeling that drug users want to get when they
take drugs. There are many types of high, including a spacey feeling,
euphoria, or a feeling that a person  has “special powers”, such as
the ability to fly or see into the future.

Lebanon - also became the transit country for cocaine from South America
to illicit drugs markets.

Marijuana - obtained from an Indian hemp plant known as “Cannabis Sativa”

a strong, handy ,annual shrub which grows wild in temperature and
tropic regions. A mind altering substance produced from cannavis sativa,
it is used because its primary active chemical Tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC) induces relaxation and heightens the senses.

      Cannabis is prepared for human consumption in different forms:

      1. Marijuana or Ganja - the leaves and flowering tops of female

20
         plants.
      2. Hashish or Charas - a concentrated resin composed of glandular
         trichomes and vegetative debris that has been physically extracted
         usually by rubbing, sifting or with ice.
      3. Kif or Kief - the chopped flowering tops of female cannabis
         plants, often mixed with tobacco,Moroccan hashish produced
         in the Rif mountains.Sifted cannabis trichomes consisting of
         only the glandular heads often incorrectly referred to as
         “Crystals or Pollen”.
      4. Bhang - a beverage prepared by grinding cannabis leaves in
         milk and boiling with spices and other ingredients.
      5. Hash Oil - an oily mixture resulting fromchemical extraction
         or distillation of theTHC- rich part of the plant.
      6. Budder - hash oil whipped to incorporate air, making it
         more like butter.

      Methods/Apparatus in Smoking Marijuana

      1. The Joint
      2. The Blunt
      3. The Hookah
      4. The Bong - is a tube with a small bowl at the end of a
         thinner tube inserted throughthe side near the base.
      5. The Waterfall
      6. The Pipe
      7. The Shotgun
      8. The Chillum
      9. The One Hitter or Bat - is a contrivance that allows the
         small amount of cannabis to be burned and inhaled in a
         single breath.

Middle East - the Bec ka Valley of Lebanon is considered to be the

biggest producer of cannabis in the Middle East.

Morphine - is a strong opiate analgesic drug and is the principal

active agent in opium. It acts directly on the central nervous system
relieving pain. It is claimed to be six (6) times more potent than
opium. It is administered into the body by means of injection. It is
used legally as an analgesic in hospital setting to relieve pain
after surgery and pain associated with trauma.

Most Commonly Used/Abused Substances In The Philippines

1. Methamphetamine hydrochloride (Shabu)
2. Cannabis Sativa or Marijuana
3. Inhalants (Contact Cement)

Motbok - an alcohol rationing system with personal ration record book

21
employed by Sweden from 1914 to 1955.

Narcotics - is any drug that produces sleep or stupor and relieves

pain due to its depressant effect on the central nervous system. A
term narcotic comes from the Greek word for sleep “Narkotikos".

Opium - Obtained from a female poppy plant known as “Papayer Somniferum”.

It comes from the Greek word which means “juice”. It is the original
components of Morphine and Heroin. It was known to be cultivated in
lower Mesopotamia long ago as 3400 BC. In De Medicina (30 AD), Aulus
Cornelius Celsus specified various uses for “Poppy Tears” as an
emollient for painful joints and anal crevices, in anodynes pills
promoting relief of pain through sleep.

      Opium Preparation - The smoking of opium does not involve the

      burning of the material as might be imagined. The prepared opium
      is indirectly heated to temperature at which active alkaloids,
      mainly Morphine, are vaporized.

      Opium Chemical Properties and Physiological Effects - Opium

      includes two groups of alkaloids: Phenanthrenes(including
      Morphine and Codeine) and Benzylisoquinolines
      (including Papaverine).

      Opium Medical Uses - Opium has been a major commodity of trade

      for centuries, due to the fact that it has long been used as a
      pain killer and sedative.

Presidential Proclamation No.1192 - declared the 2nd week of November

as Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Week, and celebrated every year.

Physical Dependence - An adaptive state caused by repeated drug use

that reveals itself by development of intense physical symptoms when
the drug is stopped (withdrawal syndrome).

Polydrug Abuse - Many people who abuse on drug tend to take all sorts
of drugs. Some play chemical “Russian roulettes” by taking everything
including unidentified pills. This is called polydrug abuse.

Psychological Dependence - An attachment to drug use which arises from

a drug ability to satisfy some emotional or personality need of an
individual. (Physical dependence not required but it does not seem to
reinforce psychological dependence.

RA 9165 - commonly known as The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of

2002. It took effect on July 4, 2002.

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      Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) - continues as policy making body
      and it formed the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA)
      as the led agency in the enforcement of the law under the office
      of the President.

      The new law abolished the National Drug Law Enforcement and
      Prevention Coordinating Center, the PNP Narcotics Group, the
      NBI Narcotics Unit and the Customs Narcotics Interdiction Office.

      Establishing the proper intelligence network has been inherent

      task given by the law to PDEAin coordination with the following
      support units:The PNP AIDSOTF, the NBI AIDTF, the Customs Task
      Force in Dangerous Drugs and Controlled Chemicals along with
      other government and non-government entities dedicated to curb
      the drug problem.

      National Strategies Against Dangerous Drugs

      1. Supply Reduction Strategy - which refers to the concept of
         keeping the  drugs away from the potential drug users.

         Intended Programs
         a. Law Enforcement
         b. Amendments of the Law

      2. Demand Reduction Strategy - refers to the concept of keeping the

         potential users awayfrom drugs.

         Intended Programs
         a. Preventive Education
         b. Sports Development
         c. Moral and Spiritual Values Recovery
         d. Treatment and Rehabilitation

      3. International and Local Cooperation/Coordination - refers to

         an effective and efficient cooperation and coordination of all
         local and international agencies of the government.

         Intended Programs
         a. Joint Training and Exercises
         b. Intelligence Networking
         c. Interdiction Operation

Rehabilitation - is a dynamic process directed towards the changes

on the health of the person to prepare him from his fullest life
potentials and capabilities, and making him law-abiding and productive

23
member of the community without abusing drugs.

Shabu - Methamphetamine was discovered in Japan in 1919. This

crystalline powder is solute in water making it an ideal drug for
injection. During world War II, the drugs was used as stimulants for
combat soldiers. After the war it was regarded as a cure all for
treatment in mild depression and a good weight control substance.
In the mid 80’s it was introduced in the Philippines and has gained
popularity not only in urban areas but rural communities as well. It
is also regarded as poor man’s cocaine.

Stimulant - A stimulant speeds up a person's body and brain.

Stimulants, such as methamphetamines, have the opposite effect of
depressants. Usually stimulants make a person high energetic. When
the effects of a stimulant wear off, a person will feel tired
or sick.

Tetrahydrocannabinol - (THC) It is the psychoactive agent of marijuana.

The more THC present in marijuana, the more potent is the drug. It is
also known as the “sinister element” in marijuana. This is what causes the
“high lift” or “trip” in marijuana users.

The Golden Crescent

1. Afghanistan
2. Pakistan
3. Iran
4. India

The Golden Triangle of Drug Trafficking

1. Laos
2. Thailand
3. Burma

Tolerance - it is the increasing dosage of drugs to maintain the same

effect.

Treatment – Is a medical service rendered to a client for the effective

management of hit total conditions related to drug abuse. It deals
with the physiological without abusing drugs.

Withdrawal Period - From the point of habituation or drug dependence

up to the time a drug dependent is totally or gradually deprived of
the drug.

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