Venturi Meter

Fluid mechanics and hydraulics Report template ASU-Civil Engineering Department
Name: laith imad awwad Title of Experiment: venturi meter

Student ID: 201810158 Number of Experiment: experiment 5
Partners Name List: Laboratory Instructor:
Date: Laboratory Supervisor:
Abstract:
• For the purposes of this lab, we will study the flow rate within a pipe where the volume
is the amount of fluid each second that passes through a cross-sectional area of that
pipe. It will be necessary to assume uniform flow of the fluid within the pipe, the flow
rate, which is known as Q. The flow rate is proportional to the velocity of the moving
fluid, V
Table of Contents
Abstract: ............................................................................................................................... 1
Introduction: ......................................................................................................................... 2
Objective: .............................................................................................................................. 2
Methodology and Theory: ...................................................................................................... 2
Apparatus and Procedure: ..................................................................................................... 3
Results and sample of calculation: ......................................................................................... 4
Errors and Problems: ............................................................................................................ 4
Appendixes:........................................................................................................................... 4
Table 1: Summarized data for flow rate measurements and barometer head numbers. ...................5
Graph 1: ........................................................................................................................................5
References: ........................................................................................................................... 5
Introduction:
• In this experiment you will be able to analyze the effect of viscosity on pressure
loss and also to understand the measurement of discharge from a pipe. As we
will be using the Venturi Meter in order to measure flow, the Bernoulli equation
is an important relation that can help getting velocities from fluid pressures and
vice versa. The purpose of this experiment is also to calculate Q and 𝐶𝐷 at
different head pressures. Then drawing a relationship between all these
properties and head pressure will be discussed in this report.
Objective:
• To study the principles of Venturi meter and to determine how the water or the fluid
pressure changes with volume.
Methodology and Theory:

• Venturi meter are used to measure the velocity of flow of fluids in a pipe. They consist
of short length of pipe, or the portion with the least cross- sectional area , which fits into
a normal pipeline. The obstruction caused to the flow of liquid at the throat of the
venturi produces a local pressure drop in the region that is proportional to the rate of
discharge. This phenomenon, using Bernoulli's equation, is used to calculate the rate of
flow of fluid flowing through the pipe.
• In the venturi meter the fluid is accelerated through a converging cone and the pressure
difference between the upstream side of the cone and the throat is measured and provides
a signal for the rate of flow.
• The fluid slows down in diverging cone with smaller angle where most of the kinetic
energy is converted back to pressure energy. High pressure and energy recovery makes
the venturi meter suitable where only small pressure heads are available.
Apparatus and Procedure:

• Apparatus:
1. Venture meter
2. Supply water
3. Stop watch
• Procedure:
1. The apparatus was leveled by opening both the Bench Supply valve and the
control valve also known during our experiment the output and input valve
downstream of the meter to allow water to flow and clear air pockets from the
supply hose. This was achieved by connecting the apparatus to a power
supply.
2. The control valve was then gradually closed causing water to rise up in the
tubes of the manometer thereby compressing the air contained in the manifold.
3. When the water level had risen to a convenient height, the bench valve was
also closed gradually so that as both valves are finally shut off, the meter was
left containing static water at moderate pressure.
4. The adjustable screws were operated to give identical reading for all of the
tubes across the whole width of the manometer board. To establish the meter
coefficient measurements of a set of differential heads (ha-hb) and flow rate Q
were made.
5. The first reading was taken with the maximum possible value when (h2 – h1)
i.e. with h1 close to the top of the scale and h2 near to the bottom. This was
obtained by gradually opening both the bench valve and the control valve in
turn.
Results and sample of calculation:

• Calculation:
1. The calculation are simple any easy the two equation was used in the table in appendix
are:
𝑉
𝑄𝑟 = 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
𝑡
1/2
2𝑔(ℎ1 − ℎ2 )
𝑄𝑖 = 𝐴2 𝑉2 = 𝐴1 ( ) 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
𝐴
1 − (𝐴2 )
1
2. Both the equation were derived from Bernoulli’s equation and also using piezometric
head formula.
Discussion and Conclusion:

• The Venturi meter helped us understand measurement of discharge from a pipe
and to define relationships between different properties of fluid: effect of
viscosity on pressure losses, variation of pressure and velocity on different cross-
sections. Objectives were all achieved but many errors were encountered during
the experiment and thus affected results discussed below.
Errors and Problems:

Of Couse there is force or impact that can occur during the expirement such as every
experiment there will the human factor error such as reading the timing wrong or not
watching the volume exceeding the wanted or the objective needed for the experiment
readings. Objectives were all achieved but many errors were encountered during
the experiment and thus affected results
Appendixes:
𝑇ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑡 𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝐷3 (𝑚𝑚) = 16.0
𝐼𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝐷1 (𝑚𝑚) = 26.0
𝑇ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑡 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎, 𝐴2 (𝑚 2 ) = 2.011 × 10−4
𝐼𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎, 𝐴1 (𝑚 2 ) = 5.309 × 10−4
𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑘𝑔𝑚 3 ) = 1000
Table 1: Summarized data for flow rate measurements and barometer head
numbers.
Volume Time 𝑄𝑟 Water head (mm) ℎ𝐴 − ℎ𝐶 (m) 𝑄𝑖 (𝐿𝑃𝑀)

3
(L) (sec) (𝑚 /𝑠) ℎ𝐴 ℎ𝐶
1 3.9 2.564× 10−4 271 39 232 0.0172
1 7.6 1.316× 10−4 233 73 160 0.0143
1 11.2 8.928× 10−4 165 96 69 0.0147
1 13.9 7.194× 10−4 146 146 0 0
Graph 1:
Chart Title
0.02
0.018
0.016
0.014
0.012
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
References:
• Fluid mechanics and hydraulics lab manual.

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Fluid mechanics and hydraulics Report template ASU-Civil Engineering Department

Name: laith imad awwad Title of Experiment: venturi meter

Methodology and Theory:

Apparatus and Procedure:

Results and sample of calculation:

Discussion and Conclusion:

Errors and Problems:

Volume Time 𝑄𝑟 Water head (mm) ℎ𝐴 − ℎ𝐶 (m) 𝑄𝑖 (𝐿𝑃𝑀)

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