FACTORS AFFECTING THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF

GRADE XI TVL AND MARITINE STUDENTS OF SOUTHERN

A quantitative research
Presented to the faculty of Senior High School Department
SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES COLLEGE
Julio Pacana Street, Cagayan de Oro City

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in

By:
Revsam Natad
Credo

January 2020
 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

Education is an important means by which an organized society achieves

stability and prosperity. It is very necessary for each and every one in order to improve

knowledge, way of living as well as social and economic status throughout the life.

Education is the ultimate way to get victory over all the personal and social problems.

Getting proper education is the birth right of everyone (Sibuyi, 2016). Nowadays,

working part-time has long been part of students’ experiences (Watts and Pickering,

2000). Commission on Higher Education (CHED) of the Philippines stated that financial

crisis is one of the reasons why students have to work part time for extra income. They

added that these students are forced to work because of higher commodity prices and

tuition fees (CHED, 2018).

Experts agree that students who work more than 15 to 20 hours per week

often experience decrease school success, which can lead to dropping out entirely.

Working long hours can also limit opportunities to build friendships and explore interests

that enhance intellectual and emotional development. A portion of a percentage in one

of the universities in Cagayan de Oro City enrollees are working scholars who are

spending the time with each passing day for class and work schedules. Managing the

time for hectic schedules is very challenging. With a schedule of early-morning duties

and cramming study time between classes are impossible to accomplish (College Board

Website, 2016).

In Southern Philippines College, researchers considered the grade XI TVL

and Maritime Senior High School. There are students who tried to balance their time for

their studies and work. Being a working student is not that easy as we all think since
there are a lot of factors that might affect on their academic performance and grade, it

may be positive or negative effects. Assessment reveals that most of the students who

has low academic performance are observed with working students and therefore need

attention from the academic institutions.

Thus, the main purpose of the study is to determine the factors that affect the

academic performance of the working learners. By knowing these factors, learners will

be responsive and it could help them to pursue a better academic performance in

school and that working while studying is not a hindrance for them to have failing grades

and it’s not a reason to be inactive in performing in school. Furthermore, the non-

working students and faculty members could understand why some students are oblige

to work while studying and how could they help them.

Theoretical Framework

This study is anchored to the Social Network Theory of Mark Granovetter (1973):

Signaling Theory of Michael Spence (1973)

According to Social Network Theory and Signaling Theory, students’ work

experience can be seen as a strong signal of work motivation, due to the effort of

combining work and study. A strong signal of work motivation is working students’

important part of being successful on their career. While working and studying, it is a set

of values based on the ideals of discipline and hard work. A strong work ethics is a

forming good habit such as focusing, staying, and motivated. Focusing and strong

balancing will finish their task efficiently avoiding distraction (Granovetter and Spence,

1973). Thus, this is related to this study since this study investigated on how the

learners’ work experience motivates them to continue their studies despite of combining

work and study.

This study aims to determine the factors affecting the academic performance of

the working learners to his/her academic performance in Southern Philippines College

during the school year 2019-2020. Specifically, the study sought to answer the following

questions:

1. What is the profile of the learners according to:

 Sex/Gender

 Age

 2nd Quarter grades

 Type of job

2. Is there a significant difference in the respondents’ grades when grouped according

to gender?

3. Is there a significant relationship in the respondents’ grades and their working hours,

sleeping hours, and studying hours?

Research Hypothesis

H 0: There is no significant difference in the respondents’ grades when grouped

according to gender.

H 0: There is no significant relationship in the respondents’ grades and their working

hours, sleeping hours, and studying hours?

The following terms used in the study were defined operationally to allow better

understanding:

Working learners. It is the one who is responsible enough to handle their life

being a student. They will know how hard to handle a job when they need to go to

school after their work, (Cambridge Dictionary, 2020). In this study, it refers to PNHS

learners who work part time while still studying at the same time.

Part-time Job. It is a type of job that is done for less than the normal amount of

hours invested, or for less than the full duration that is normally done. It is defined as

working a portion of a regular time, (Cambridge Dictionary, 2020). In this study, it is a

job that carries fewer hours per week than a full-time job that the working learners are

into.

Factor. Something that helps produce or influence a result: one of the things that

cause something to happen, (Merriam – Webster 1828). In this study, this refers to

something/reasons that might affect the respondents’ academic performance.

Academic Performance. Is defines by students reporting of past semester

CGPA/GPA and their expected GPA for the current semester. It is measured by the final

grade earned in the course, (IGI Global Disseminator of Knowledge). In this study, this

refers to the performance of the respondents in their studies based on their 2 nd quarter

grade.
 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents related research and conceptual literature. It discusses the

variables investigated in the study. Considering the dearth of related studies, the study

reviewed literature below five years back.

Commission on Higher Education (CHED) last November 2018 stated that only

half of working students finish college. There is about 216,000 students in the country

are currently juggling school and work. According to the latest data from the

Commission on Higher Education, the figure is about 8% of the total number of college

students in the country. CHED said that working students today are mostly into food

service, entertainment and sales, apart from the usual stints as library and research

assistants. It is stated by the officer in-charge at CHED’s office of the executive director,

Atty. Julito Vitriolo, that financial crisis is one of the reason why students have to work

part time for extra income. Vitriolo added that these students are forced to work

because of higher commodity prices and tuition fees.

National Statistics Coordination Board (NSCB) published that the full-time

workers in July 2010 recorded a share of 64.3% of the total employed while the part-

time workers is 35.7%. The number of underemployed persons in July 2010 was

estimated at 6.5 million, placing the current underemployment rate at 17.9%. More than

half (58.1%) of the total underemployment were reported as visibly underemployed or

working less than 40 hours during the reference week. Those working for 40 hours or

more accumulated for 40.4%.