FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE

DIPLOMA IN FOOD TECHNOLOGY (AS116)

CHM131
EXPERIMENT4
INTRODUCTION TO TITRATION: DETERMINATION OF THE
MOLARITY AND CONCENTRATION OF SULPHURIC ACID BY
TITRATION WITH A STANDARD SOLUTION OF SODIUM
HYDROXIDE.

PREPARED FOR:
MADAM SYALIZA ABD HAMMID

STUDENT’S NAME:
NUR SHAZIEYAH BINTI ZERHUNI

PREPARED BY:
NUR SHAZIEYAH BINTI ZERHUNI 2019421942
NUR SHAZWANA BINTI NAZRIE 2019293603
NUR NABILA SAFIA BINTI SHAHRULNIZAM 2019265182
NUR FARAHAIN AZIZAN 2019400342
NURUL SYAFIQAH BINTI ISKANDAR 2019224036

DATE PERFORMED:
27 SEPTEMBER 2019
OBJECTIVES
To determine the molarity and concentration of sulphuric acid by titration with
standard solution of sodium hydroxide.

INTRODUCTION
One of the most common and familiar reaction in chemistry is the reaction of acid and
base.This reaction is learned neutralization and the essential feature of this process in
aqueous solution is the combination for hydronium ions (H 30-) with hydroxide ions (OH-) to
form water.
The technique of accurately measuring the volume of a solution required to react with
another reaction is termed titration. An indicator solution is used to determine when an acid
has exactly neutralized a base,or a vice versa.A suitable color change shows equivalent
amount of acids and base are present. The colour change is termed the end-point of the
titration.Indicators change colours at different pH values.Phenolphthalein for example
changes from colorless to pink at a pH about 8.

CHEMICALS
NaOh solution,approximately 2.0M(must be accurately standardized before the laboratory
session), dilute sulphuric acid of unknown molarity and phrnolphthalein.

APPARATUS
Buret,buret clamp,retort stand,20 ml of volumetric pipette,pipette filter and 250 ml conical
flask.

METHOD
1. The burette is washed with distilled water and rinsed with 5-10ml of NaOH solution
,running the second rinsing through the burette tip. The burette is clamped to retort
stand.
2. The burette is filled with base,making sure tip is completely filled and contains no air
bubbles.
3. A volumetric pipette is used to transfer 20.00ml of H 2S04 to a cleaned 250ml conical
flask.2 or 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator is added. The flask is placed on a piece of
white paper under the burette and the burette tip is lowered into flask.
4. The acid is titrated by adding base until endpoint is reached.During the titration, the
flask kept swirling.The endpoint is indicated when the entire solution retain a faint pink
colour for atleast 30 seconds. The final burette reading is recorded.This is result of
rough titration.
5. The titration process is repeated until two consecutive titrations achieved.
6. Readings from all atitrations are recorded in space provided on report sheet.
7. The empty burette is rinsed at atleast twice with lap water and once with distilled water
after the titration is finished.
RESULTS
Number of titration Rough Titration Titration 1 Titration 2 Titration 3 Titration 4
Final burette reading(mL) 28.90 26.00 23.40 22.60 22.50

Initial burette reading(mL) 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00

Molarity of standard NaOH(M8) =

CALCULATIONS
1. Determine the molarity of unknown H2SO4(MA) solution.

2. Determine the concentration (g/L) of unknown H2SO4(MA) solution.

2. NaOH is hygroscopic compound and all NaOH solutions must be standardised

a) Hygroscopic
A hygroscopic substance is able to absorb or adsorb water from its surroundings.
Typically, this occurs at or near ordinary room temperature. Most hygroscopic
materials are salts, but many other materials display the property. When water
vapor is absorbed, the water molecules are taken into the molecules of the
substance, often resulting in physical changes, such as increased volume. Color,
boiling point, temperature, and viscosity can also change. When water vapor is
adsorbed, the water molecules remain on the surface of the material.

b) Standardization
Standardization is the process of determining the exact concentration (molarity) of a
solution. Titration is one type of analytical procedure often used in standardization. In a
titration, an exact volume of one substance is reacted with a known amount of another
substance.The point at which the reaction is complete in a titration is referred to as
the endpoint. A chemical substance known as an indicator is used to indicate (signal) the
endpoint. The indicator used in this experiment is phenolphthalein. Phenolphthalein, an
organic compound, is colorless in acidic solution and pink in basic solution.

DISCUSSION
Based on this experiment,it is necessary to determine the molarity and concentration
of sulphuric acid by titration with standard solution of sodium hydroxide.In the sulphuric
acid as the acid solution and sodium hydroxide as the base solution. . For this experiment is
the neutralization of sulfuric acid with sodium hydroxide.The molarity of NaOH solution is
0.2M .Phenolphthalein is an indicator for acid-base titration that will show pink colour for
basic solution and colourless for acid solution.There are many precautions when do acid-
base titration experiment.There are some precautions that are need to be taken which are
making sure the volumetric flask is clean and dry before used so that it won’t mix with
substances before and can affect the result.Next,care must be taken choose indicators
whose end points correspond to the equivalence point of the titration. Next,measure the
volume of the solution properly especially during make dilution solution. Make sure the
solution from the burette flow very slowly to avoid some mistake during take the reading.
Then,make sure there are no air bubbles in the burette by open the stopcock for a while and
let the solution flow a little bit.
CONCLUSION
Based on experiment,we manage to determine the unknown molarity and unknown
concentration of sulphuric acid, the titration process can be used with the correct technique
in titration. If not use the correct technique, there must have some error in the result.

REFERENCES
-https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-hygroscopic-605230
-http://www.chem.latech.edu/~deddy/chem104/104Standard.htm
-file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/20300492-Experiment-3-Acid-and-Base-
Titration.pdf