3.0 Overview of Swine Industry 1

OVERVIEW OF SWINE
INDUSTRY
• There are now 31 pork operations around the globe
that can say they have 100,000 sows or more.
• According to the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service,
yearly global pork production was already down 4%
by April 2019, driven by a sharp reduction in output in
China, where ASF outbreaks have resulted in
liquidation of breeding herds. The (Federation of
American Scientists) FAS estimates reduced hog
supplies will most likely result in a substantial
contraction in pork production this year.
• However, outside of China, the FAS says pork production
is growing moderately, led by strong growth in the United
States (4%) and Brazil (6%). Improved export prospects
may encourage European Union pork producers to begin
expanding herds later this year. The FAS forecasts global
exports to be 8% higher, fueled by rising demand from
China and steady economic growth in most major pork
markets.
Swine industry in the Philippines
• The total hog production from October to December 2020 was
estimated at 515.05 thousand metric tons, liveweight. This was -
13.8 percent lower compared with the previous year’s same
quarter output of 597.51 thousand metric tons, liveweight.
• Among the regions, CALABARZON was the top producer of hogs
during the quarter with 82.02 thousand metric tons, liveweight.
This was followed by Northern Mindanao with 58.02
thousand metric tons, liveweight and Central Visayas with 52.86
thousand metric tons, liveweight. These regions shared 37.5
percent to the country’s total hog production.
•
• Relative to their levels in the same quarter of 2019, 11
regions reported decrements in production during the
period, with Central Luzon exhibiting the highest annual
decline of -49.1 percent. This region reported a
production of 49.46 thousand metric tons, liveweight
this quarter, from 97.22 thousand metric tons,
liveweight in the fourth quarter of 2019.
• As of 01 January 2021, the total swine inventory was
estimated at 9.72 million heads. This was a decline
of -24.1 percent from the previous year’s same period
level of 12.80 million heads. Population in backyard
and commercial farms contracted by -13.3
percent and -41.8 percent, respectively. Of the total
swine population, 71.1 percent were raised in
backyard farms while the remaining 28.9
percent were from commercial farms.
• The average farmgate price of hogs upgraded for slaughter
during the quarter was PhP 120.14 per kilogram, liveweight.
This was higher by 21.6 percent from the average farmgate
price of PhP 98.82 per kilogram, liveweight, in the same period
of 2019.
• During the reference period, the highest average farmgate price
of hogs upgraded for slaughter was recorded in December
at PhP 126.61 per kilogram, liveweight, while the lowest was
noted in October at PhP 111.51 per kilogram, liveweight.
Advantages of swine production
Swine use concentrate well and efficient convertors of feed
into human food.
Swine are prolific animals.
Swine enterprise requires small investments compared to
cattle and carabao.
Pigs can be sold or converted into cash anytime after weaning.
Salvage values of culled sows, boars and stags are high.
Swine have high dressing percentage compared with other
farm animals.
Pork is traditionally as table meat.
Disadvantages
Swine are subject to heavy losses and due to diseases and
parasites.
Feed adulteration and supply are critical problems in swine
production.
There are wide variations in the prices of market hogs, feeds,
as well as drugs and medicines for swine.
Labor requirement during the farrowing season is relatively
high.
The characteristic, color coming from any swine enterprise is
highly objectionable to practically everybody except those
engage in production.
PRODUCTION SYSTEM
a. Sow herd enterprise
• 1. FARROW TO FEEDER OPERATION.
Operation starts with pregnant sow to produce pigs weanlings which are
sold to other raisers who grows then until the marketable weight is
achieved.
• 2. FARROW TO FINISH OPERATION.

Operation also starts with a pregnant sow to produce the breeders
stocks , specifically junior boars and replacement gilts.
b. Growing- finishing Enterprise
• Operation starts with feeder/ weanlings and carries then to slaughter ,

weight of about 80- 90 kgs.
• Profit influenced by:

The availability and continuous supply of good quality feeder pigs.
Cost of feeds and feeder pigs.
The capacity of the operation in avoiding losses from disease, pest and
other animal health hazards the price, which the buyers are willing to
pay for the finished hogs.
• C. Boar-for-hire Enterprise
• Operation starts with a young boar, which grows and trains to
breeder age. This is used to breed the sow in the community for
fee. The fee maybe in cash or in kind, whichever is acceptable to
the customer.
• Profitability depends on the following:
1. Quality of the boar.
2. Number and quality of the sows served by the boar.
3. Willingness of the customers to use the boar and to pay the
breeding fee.
4. Capacity of the operation to avoid losses from mechanical
injuries and disease.
Advantages of Board-for-hire Enterprise
from the others
• This enterprise can be started with relatively small capital and
the return to investment comes quickly.
• It may serve as a supplementary or primary source of income
by a rural family.
• If properly managed, it helps in improving the quality of pigs
produced by the farmers within the service area of the boar.

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OVERVIEW OF SWINE

• 2. FARROW TO FINISH OPERATION.

• Operation starts with feeder/ weanlings and carries then to slaughter ,

• Profit influenced by:

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