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    How To Write Think First: Line Graph/ Bar, Pie Chart/graphs, Tables Process Diagrams/flow Chart

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    Đỗ Thư
    The document provides guidance on writing descriptions of facts, figures, processes, and procedures based on various visual representations, including line graphs, charts, tables, diagrams, and sequences of events. It recommends thinking about the purpose and key trends or steps before writing an introduction that paraphrases the topic without copying. The body should focus on the most significant data and use language to clearly describe trends over time or progress through stages. A brief conclusion can comment on observations without needing its own paragraph.

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    How To Write Think First: Line Graph/ Bar, Pie Chart/graphs, Tables Process Diagrams/flow Chart

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    Đỗ Thư
    54 views13 pages
    The document provides guidance on writing descriptions of facts, figures, processes, and procedures based on various visual representations, including line graphs, charts, tables, diagrams, and sequences of events. It recommends thinking about the purpose and key trends or steps before writing an introduction that paraphrases the topic without copying. The body should focus on the most significant data and use language to clearly describe trends over time or progress through stages. A brief conclusion can comment on observations without needing its own paragraph.

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    Describing-trend

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    The document provides guidance on writing descriptions of facts, figures, processes, and procedures based on various visual representations, including line graphs, charts, tables, diagrams, and sequences of events. It recommends thinking about the purpose and key trends or steps before writing an introduction that paraphrases the topic without copying. The body should focus on the most significant data and use language to clearly describe trends over time or progress through stages. A brief conclusion can comment on observations without needing its own paragraph.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    54 views13 pages

    How To Write Think First: Line Graph/ Bar, Pie Chart/graphs, Tables Process Diagrams/flow Chart

    Uploaded by

    Đỗ Thư
    The document provides guidance on writing descriptions of facts, figures, processes, and procedures based on various visual representations, including line graphs, charts, tables, diagrams, and sequences of events. It recommends thinking about the purpose and key trends or steps before writing an introduction that paraphrases the topic without copying. The body should focus on the most significant data and use language to clearly describe trends over time or progress through stages. A brief conclusion can comment on observations without needing its own paragraph.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 13
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are tips on how to describe different types of charts, graphs, and diagrams. It provides guidance on writing an introduction, body, and conclusion for a description as well as how to accurately describe trends over time.

    When writing an introductory sentence, one should paraphrase the topic and task in 1-2 sentences without copying directly. The type of chart and an appropriate verb describing it should be included along with a brief description of what is shown.

    Some expressions that can be used to start describing a graph or table are: It is clear from..., It can be seen from..., From...it is clear that..., As the...shows, As can be seen from..., As is shown by..., As is illustrated by...

    WRITING TASK 1: DESCRIBING FACTS AND FIGURES

    The information in Task 1 is presented in the following ways


    1. A line graph 4. A diagram of stages of a process or procedure
    2. A bar or pie chart 5. A sequence of events
    3. A table of information
    HOW TO WRITE
    THINK FIRST:
    Line graph/ Bar, Pie chart/graphs, tables Process diagrams/flow chart
     Ask questions
    What is the purpose of the graph? What is the purpose of this process?
    What changes have occurred over time? How does it work?
    What are the significant trends? How to include alternative steps?
    What is the most interesting feature? What is the end result?
    THEN WRITE
    Introduction
    Paraphrase the topic in 1 Paraphrase the task description in 1
    or 2 sentences or 2 sentences. Include the purpose/
    Don’t copy it end product of the process
    Description
    Focus on trends and interesting points Follow each step in sequence
    Describe the most significant data first Include every step
    Give example to support trends Expand headings into sentences
    Use statistics accurately Use connecting words to link steps
    Conclusion
    Do not have to be a separate paragraph Do not have to be a separate
    A single sentence can be round off your report paragraph
    Include comment/opinion/interesting observation A single sentence can round off your
    if appropriate report. Include comment/opinion if
    possible
    Writing the introductory sentence: To write an introductory sentence, use your own words.
    Type of chart Appropriate verb Description
    The illustration shows the number of…
    line graph illustrates the proportion…
    pie chart presents* the information on…
    bar chart indicates the data on…
    table describes the percentage…
    provides the rate…
    gives
    compares
    To avoid plagiarism, reword the given topic
    Example:
    The two pie charts show the proportion of males and females in employment in 6 categories
    ↓
    The two pie charts give the proportion of men and women employed in 6 areas

    Writing the body:


    Start your description with one of the following expressions:
    It is clear from the graph / table that…..
    It can be seen from the graph / table that….
    From the graph / table it is clear that….
    As the graph / table shows, ….
    As can be seen from the graph / table, …..
    As is shown by the graph / table,…..
    As is illustrated by the graph / table, ……

    Warnings:

    1. Avoid using the phrase: according to the graph. This is because the phrase according to generally
    means that the information comes from another person or source, and not from our own knowledge. In
    the case of a graph or table that is shown, the information is there right in front of you, the writer and
    also the reader, and so you can both “know” it. That is, it does not come from another source.
    2. Note that the expressions as can be seen from the graph or as is shown/illustrated by the table do
    not contain the dummy subject “it”. Avoid these expressions if you think you are going to forget this
    unusual grammar
    3. The word presents is best avoided, since it requires a sophisticated summarizing noun to follow. For
    example: The graph presents an overview of the population growth of Asia in the last 20 years.
    If appropriate, write one or two sentences to sum up the overall trend before describing specific details

    Writing the conclusion: Your report may end with one or two sentences which summarizes your report
    to draw a relevant conclusion
    DESCRIBING TRENDS (LINE GRAPHS)
    LANGUAGE USE
    These are some ways to express changes in the line graph

    Time period there + be adjective to noun to describe in “ what”


    describe change change
    From January to there is slight increase in the number
    February,… was a slow rise of (cars sold)
    During (in) the has been gradual growth
    period from…to/
    will be dramatic….. fall
    between…..and drop
    ……
    decline
    In the first/ last
    three months of
    the year

    Over the period


    from…….to
    Over the next
    years/ decades…

    Time period subject of the verb to describe adverb to describe how


    sentence change much change
    From January to February, the number of (cars increased slightly
    … sold) rose dramatically
    During (in) the period fell moderately
    from…to/
    sales dropped …..
    between…..and……
    In the first/ last three declined
    months of the year
    …
    Over the period from…….to
    Over the next years/
    decades…

    Little or no change can be expressed in the following way


    The number of (cars sold) remained/stayed the same from….. to…
    remained /stayed
    between….and…
    stable/unchanged/constant
    reached the plateau
    stood at…/ levelled off at

    The highest and the lowest points can be expressed in the following way
    The monthly profit reached a peak of… in (December)
    hit a peak of…
    The figures at (20%)
    hit to the highest point of …
    The situation peaked at…

    hit a trough of…


    bottomed out at….
    reached the bottom of...
    fell/ reached to the lowest point of…..

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