E8 Unit 7

UNIT 7: POLLUTION
A. PHONETICS
I. Mark the stress in the following.
aquatic chemical atomic economic
botanical energetic traditional terrific
historical scientific medical athletic
classical dramatic practical characteristic
technical poetic national biological
II.Write the words from the box in the correct part of the table, according to the stress pattern.
historic specific musical scenic electrical artistic logical tragic natural
horrific scientific political comic physical technological heroic magic
global original systematic arrival emotional economical central
critical grammatical academic mathematical
Oo
Ooo
oOo
oOoo
oOo
oOoo
B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
III. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
aquatic radioactive contaminated poison pollutant
dumped sewage untreated dead effects
1. __________ or wastewater should be treated before it is discharged into the river or ocean.
2. More and more waste and_____________ are poured into the water, the soil and the air.
3. The__________________ material is stored in a special radiation-proof Container.
4. Oil spills can cause the death of______________________ animals such as fish.
5. ________________sewage can spread disease and contaminate drinking water sources.
6. Cholera is transmitted through__________________________ water
7. The health______________ of air pollution include heart disease, lung cancer, and asthma.
8. Carbon dioxide is a dangerous air________________________.
9. Over 150,000 tonnes of waste are___________________ annually along the coastline.
10. Up to 100.000 fish were found_____________________ along the river last week.
IV. Underline the right option.

The planet’s water reserves are constantly polluted by waste from agriculture,
industries, and (1) sewage / sewers / sewing. Since water is always circulating through
the environment, it transports the (2) pollution / polluted / pollutants it contains from one
area to the next. A pesticide that is (3) sprayed / spread / crowded on a field, for example,
seeps into the groundwater, finds its way to a stream, and finally (4) ends up / gives up /
comes up in the ocean. These toxic substances harm (5) poisonous / aquatic / dead plants
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and animals, and also infect the food Chain, causing certain plant and animal species to
become (6) extinct / extinction / extincted. They can also (7) effect / defect / affect humans
who eat fish. Even though (8) dumping / collecting / clearing garbage in the ocean is
strictly forbidden, many countries release their (9) treated / untreated / treatment sewer
waste and dispose of their garbage into the water. In addition to this, more than 6 million
tons of oil are accidentally (10) spilled / littered / floated into the ocean every year.
V. Match the two halves of the sentence.
1. Overfertilization contributes to soil pollution, a. because of aircraft noise.
2. Because there is so much light pollution from b. due to discharge of pollutants in the water
the ground, bodies.
3. Lake, river, ocean and ground water get c. everybody should try their best to reduce it.
contaminated d. as a result of the removal of vegetation.
4. Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas e. so you only need to apply fertilizer
5. The soil is exposed and vulnerable to erosion once or twice per year.
6. The polluted fog became so thick f. people cannot see the stars in the night sky.
7. Since air pollution is a threat to human health, g. that people could only see a few meters in
front of them.
8. People living near the airport aren’t getting h. that can lead to health problems.
enough sleep
VI. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. The river water is severely polluted, mostly________ the dumping of raw sewage.
A. due to B. lead to C. because D. so
2. Sudden changes in water temperature can ___ mass killings of fish, plants, or amphibians.
A. come up B. result in C. dump into D. thank to
3. Water pollution________ the death of all forms of life in the water bodies.
A. occurs B. results of C. creates D. leads to
4. ________ plastic takes so long to break down, it pollutes the land and ocean.
A. Because B. Due to C. Even if D. Although
5. Many flights were cancelled ________ the smoke from forest fires.
A. so B. because C. because of D. result in
6. ________the garbage dump smells terrible, no one lives around there.
A. Because of B. As C. As a result of D. Even though
7. _____the grain consumption is rising, forests will be cut to provide more room for
planting crops.
A. since B. Although C. unless D. Due to
8. Grace didn’t love nature, ___ she wasn’t happy when her group went camping in a jungle.
A. but B. and C. because D. so
9. Thousands of fish were killed ________ a discharge of poisonous Chemicals from a
nearby factory.
A. because B. lead to C. result in D. as a result of
10. ________the fog, there were no take-oils from the airport yesterday.
A. Since B. Because C. Owing to D. Thanks to
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VII. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use conditional sentences type 1.
1. If the air in a City_______________ (get) very polluted, it can make people’s eyes burn.
2. If we dump all sorts of Chemicals into rivers, we_____________ (not be) able to swim in
them in the future.
3. Many wildlife habitats will be destroyed if people_____________ (keep) polluting the
environment.
4. If we all use public transport more, we__________________ (help) reduce air pollution.
5. If we________ (not stop) over-fishing the oceans, many species________ (become)
extinct.
6. If everyone________ (recycle) paper, metal and glass, we ________ (not produce) so
much rubbish.
7. We________ (have) dirty seafood if we________ (dump) rubbish into the sea.
8. If global warming_____________ (continue), temperatures________ (rise) even higher.
9. If light pollution_________ (keep) growing, you________ (not be) able to see even the
Big Dipper at night.
10. We________ (threaten) our own existence if we________ (not cut down) the waste
rapidly.
VIII. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use conditional sentences type 2.
1. If people________ (not be) so careless, Earth wouldn’t be in danger.
2. The amount of waste ________ (decrease) if people started to buy reusable packages.
3. Many fish wouldn’t die if factories________ (not dump) so many Chemicals into rivers
and oceans.
4. If people stopped using cars completely, there_______________ (be) much less pollution.
5. If people______________ (buy) more recycled paper, there wouldn’t be so much waste.
6. If we___________ (not bury) Chemical waste underground, we _____________ (not
pollute) fresh water supplies.
7. Pollution________ (not be) such an issue if governments and common people really
_________________ (care).
8. What ________ (happen) if the whole world________ (be) full of pollution?
9. If people________ (pay) a little more attention to the environment, the Earth________
(be) greener.
10. If people no longer________ (pollute) the atmosphere, the air________ (soon become)
clean again.
IX. Write conditional sentences type 2, using the cues given.

1. What/ happen/ if/ water pollution/ stop?
______________________________________________________________________
2. We/ be/ happy/ if/ air pollution/ the world/ be/ a/ better place?
______________________________________________________________________
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3. If/ there/ be/ no more pollution/ the world/ be/ a better place?
______________________________________________________________________
4. If/I/ be/ you/I/ take/ these bottles/ the bottle bank.
______________________________________________________________________
5. If/ people/ not really care/ the environment/ they/ not try/ save it.
______________________________________________________________________
6. The river/ not be/ so polluted/ if/ factories/ not dump/ waste/ it.
______________________________________________________________________
7. We/ be/ less worried/ if/ oil spills/ not have/ such destructive effects.
______________________________________________________________________
8. If/ we/ destroy/ the ozone layer/ what/ save/ us/ the UV rays?
______________________________________________________________________
X. Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
The problem of global warming would improve if we all (1) ________ (do) something
to reduce it! For example, if we all (2) ________ (turn off) our mobile phone chargers at
night, we’d save a lot of energy. And we ________ (save) a lot of water if we all (4)
________ (turn off) the tap when cleaning our teeth. If we (5) ________ (recycle) more,
less rubbish (6) ________ (go) to landfill sites. And if we (7) ________ (cycle) more, our
parents (8) ________ (not need) to use their cars so often. Let’s make a difference!
XI. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. If we________ (not recycle) paper now, we’ll need to cut down more trees in the future.
2. If the local people________ (have) fresh water, they wouldn’t have to use polluted water.
3. What________ (happen) if radioactive material was not handled properly?
4. If we recycle more household waste, there________ (be) less damage to the environment.
5. If we________ (not understand) environmental problems, we would not be able to do
anything about them.
6. If the polar ice-caps melted completely, Sea levels worldwide________ (rise) about 60
metres.
7. The amount of plastic in the ocean________ (increase) if we_________ (not take) action
now.
8. These fish________ (not die) if the factory ________ (not dump) its toxic waste into the
river.
9. There ________ (not be) enough oxygen if we ________ (not protect) the rainforests.
10. If I ________ (be) the President, I ________ (ban) billboards in cities in order to reduce
visual pollution.
XII. Use the correct form of the word given to complete each sentence.
1. It’s evidence that this ocean is clean and environmentally__________________. (pollute)
2. Diseases are primarily due to__________________ food and air. (contaminate)
3. While some Chemicals may be harmless others can cause______________. (damage)
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4. Life expectancy has gone down due to___________ diseases caused by air pollution. (die)
5. In remote regions, the air is pure and the crops are free of ________ insecticides. (poison)
6. Some scientists warn that light_______________ damages people and animals. (pollute)
7. Many Chemicals have a___________________ effect on the environment. (damage)
8. The dumping of___________ I sewage into the sea is a source of ocean pollution. (treat)
9. A________________ is a substance that makes something dirty, polluted, or poisonous.
(contaminate)
10. Water pollution can lead to the________________ of aquatic plants and animals. (die)
XIII. Underline the correct preposition in each of the following sentences.

1. Water pollution can be harmful at / to fish and animals that live along the river.
2. Using drinking water to water the garden is a waste from / of natural resources.
3. Ways must be found to prevent the poisonous gases on / from polluting the air.
4. Textile factories dump tonnes of toxic waste into / at the Citarum River.
5. She’s come up to / with amazing new ideas to help protect the environment.
6. Noise pollution can have harmful effects on / in human health.
7. The overuse of pesticides causes damage in / to the environment.
8. Too much of light pollution results in / of increase in the energy consumption.
9. The river has been polluted with / from toxic waste from local factories.
10. Children should be aware at / of the environmental issues we’re facing.
C. SPEAKING
I. Make questions for the underlined words.
1. ______________________________________________________________
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, such as lakes, rivers and oceans.
2. ______________________________________________________________
The river water is heavily contaminated because of toxic waste dumping.
3. ______________________________________________________________
There are five major types of pollution.
4. ______________________________________________________________
If I were the President, I would ban cars from city centres.
5. ______________________________________________________________
Most of the plastic waste ends up in the oceans.
6. ______________________________________________________________
Death or disfiguration are common effects of exposure to radioactive waste.
7. ______________________________________________________________
Ho Chi Minh City is more polluted than Panang.
8. ______________________________________________________________
In my neighbourhood, garbage is collected everyday.
9. ______________________________________________________________
Every individual is responsible for solving environmental issues.
10. ______________________________________________________________
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Land pollution can be prevented by the proper disposing of the litter.
D. READING
I. Complete the passage with the words from the box.
honking loss commonly source referred rural unheard even
A screaming child, TV blaring in the living room, a vacuum cleaner, loud music
coming from a teen’s bedroom: a busy home can be a (1) ________ of constant noise. Once
you step outside, there’s (2) ________ more noise pollution. On an average day, you may
hear your neighbour’s lawn mower, (3) ________ cars, sirens, maybe even ear-shattering
sounds of a construction or a work site-a saw, a drill, a jackhammer. Welcome to the modern
- and very noisy - world. Unless you live in a very quiet (4) ________ area, you are no
stranger to the phenomenon of environmental noise, (5) ________ called noise pollution.
Noise pollution is often (6) ________ to as the “modern unseen plague” for good reason. It
may be unseen but certainly not (7) ________! It disturbs us practically everywhere we go,
day and night. And, besides leading to hearing (8) ________ it impacts our physical and
mental health in more ways than one.
II. Read the passage, then do the tasks.
According to Greenpeace, more than 100,000 sea creatures and a million sea birds die
every year after eating plastic or getting trapped in plastic rubbish. Sometimes, when baby
turtles get trapped in plastic the shape of their Shell changes when they grow. Some sea
creatures make their homes in plastic rubbish, such as the hermit crabs that live on polluted
Pacific beaches.
Every year, the world produces more than 300 million tonnes of plastic! In a minute,
people around the globe use more than a million plastic bags and they throw away more than
a million plastic bottles. Where will all this plastic end up? About 10% of it will be recycled,
and some will go to landfill, but a lot of it will end up polluting the oceans. Experts estimate
that there are already 200 million tonnes of plastic in the world’s oceans, and this will
increase by about 7 million tonnes every year.
Because plastic isn’t biodegradable it won’t decompose naturally, so all the plastic that
we have now in the world will exist forever. That means we’ll need to clean up the oceans if
we want to protect our sea creatures. Better still, if we don’t use so much plastic, it won’t end
up in the ocean! Experts are warning that if we don’t take urgent action, there might be more
plastic than fish in the sea by 2050.
A. Match the words to their definitions.
1. getting trapped a. finish, arrive
2. shell b. make something free from pollutants
3. end up c. able to decay naturally by bacteria
4. landfill d. being unable to escape from
5. clean up e. the hard part on the back of a turtle
6. biodegradable f. a place in the ground to put rubbish
B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
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1. Plastic rubbish kills a million birds every year.
2. The hermit crabs living on Pacific beaches die because of plastic pollution.
3. Around the world, people use more plastic bottles than bags.
4. Less than half of plastic bottles and bags end up getting recycled.
5. Plastic rubbish will disappear naturally over time.
6. It is predicted that there will be more plastic than fish in the oceans by 2050.
C. Answer the questions.
1. What never decomposes?
______________________________________________________________
2. How many tones of plastic are dumped in the oceans every year?
______________________________________________________________
3. Why do we need to clean up the oceans?
______________________________________________________________
4. What can we personally do to help resolve this problem?
______________________________________________________________
E. WRITING
I. Reorder the words to make full sentences.
1. of bodies/ directly/ Air pollution/ contaminate/ can/ of water and soil/ the surface.
______________________________________________________________
2. trees/ so much/ don’t/ We/ if/ we/ waste/ will/ thousands of/ paper/ save.
______________________________________________________________
3. would/ bad/air pollution/ What/ got/ you/ really/ do/ if?
______________________________________________________________
4. as/ the death/ Polluted water/ animals/ of/ fish and crabs/ such/ aquatic/ causes.
______________________________________________________________
5. went/ more/ less/ to/ If/ we/ recycled/ rubbish/ landfill sites.
______________________________________________________________
6. the overuse/ has/ Agriculture/ on/ an/ land pollution/ impact/ of/ Chemicals/ due to.
______________________________________________________________
7. much/ cities/ lights/ use/ Too/ of/cause/ in/ may/ light pollution/ electric
______________________________________________________________
8. our time/ is/ one/ most/ of/ problems/ serious/ Water pollution/ the/ of/ environmental
______________________________________________________________
II. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one.
1. I think you should use energy efficient light bulbs.
If I_________________________________________________________________
2. He produced a great idea for our environmental project.
He came_____________________________________________________________
3. Because she was absent from the meeting, she didn’t know the resolution.
Because of___________________________________________________________
4. I won’t take part in the volunteer program because I don’t have enough free time.
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If I_________________________________________________________________
5. We need to reduce our plastic waste, otherwise we’ll threaten our own existence,
If we________________________________________________________________
6. Due to the hurricane last night, I was without electric power.
Since there___________________________________________________________
7. People dumped toxic waste Products into the rivers or landfill sites.
Toxic waste products___________________________________________________
8. Air pollution deaths will double by 2050 if nations don’t act.
Unless_______________________________________________________________
9. As the world’s temperatures rise, the Arctic keeps losing its ice.
Due to_______________________________________________________________
10. I live by the sea, so I’m really worried about global warming.
If I__________________________________________________________________
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
TEST FOR UNIT 7
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. disease B. dead C. treatment D. sneeze
2. A. environment B. billboard C. visual D. litter
3. A. birth B. thermal C. earth D. further
4. A. poisoned B. died C. dumped D. caused
5. A. contaminant B. waste C. illustrate D. radiation
II. Choose the word whose main stress pattern is placed differently.
1. A. environment B. temperature C. botanical D. contaminant
2. A. untreated B. aquatic C. pollution D. electronic
3. A. pollute B. poison C. damage D. illustrate
4. A. presentation B. radioactive C. environmental D. contamination
5. A. permanent B. Chemical C. dramatic D. herbicide
III. Complete each sentence with an appropriate word. The first letter of each word is given.
1. The fish have died because the river water is heavily p________.
2. Health e______________ from air pollution include lung cancer, and respiratory diseases.
3. Acid rain causes serious d____________________ to plants and trees.
4. If the air wasn’t dirty, Nick w_______________________ sneeze so much.
5. The main gases that l______________ to acid rain are sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide.
6. There is a danger of serious contamination from radioactive w__________________.
7. Hundreds of d_________________ fish were found floating in the river near the factory.
8. U________________ sewage can spread disease and contaminate drinking water sources.
IV. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentence.
1. After the accident, many people were exposed________ radiation.
A. from B. at C. to D. with
2. Light pollution has a wide range of negative effects________ I’m human health.
A. on B. of C. for D. to
3. ________can cause high blood pressure, heart problems, sleep disturbances, and hearing problems.
A. Air pollution B. Light pollution C. Water pollution D. Noise pollution
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4. The levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have risen________ the burning of fossil fuels.
A. therefore B. because C. in spite of D. due to
5. If rubbish is non-biodegradable, it________ forever.
A. exists B. will exist C. won’t exist D. doesn’t exist
6. ________are Chemicals that are used to kill unwanted plants, such as weeds.
A. Fertilizers B. Pesticides C. Herbicides D. Pollutants
7. There would be much less pollution________ people stopped using cars completely.
A. if B. since C. when D. although
8. Emissions of pollutants into the air can________ changes to the climate.
A. get on B. end up C. go into D. result in
9. ________can we help save our environment?
A. What B. How C. Why D. How much
10. If we care about plastic waste________.
A. why won’t we stop drinking bottled water? B. we would use reusable shopping bags
C. we will throw away plastic water bottles. D. why don’t we buy plastic bags?
V. Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.
1. What will happen if the Earth stopped moving?
A B C D
2. One of the things all of us can do to protect and improve our environment is recycle.
A B C D
3. Humans can even die if they will drink contaminated water.
A B C D
4. Long-term exposure to loud noise results permanent hearing loss.
A B C D
5. They believe that water pollution is the large cause of death and disease in the world.
A B C D
6. Is the recycling process in itself damaging for the environment?
A B C D
7. We won’t save the environment if we stop using so much energy.
A B C D
8. One in six species is at risk of extinction because climate change.
A B C D
9. The amount of waste decreased if people started to buy reusable packages.
A B C D
10. Contaminated water can cause of many types of diarrheal diseases, including cholera.
A B C D
VI. Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.
1. It would be better for the environment if more people________ (use) bikes rather than cars.
2. If we use less energy, we________ (help) reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
3. Every year, million tons of plastic________ (dump) into the oceans.
4. A thick smog________ (settle) over New Delhi since winter________ (begin).
5. Noise pollution can________ (cause) by vehicle, aircraft, and industrial noise.
6. Human activities________ (destroy) nature at an unacceptable rate right now.
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7. A decade ago, WHO________ (classify) air pollution as a link to lung cancer.
8. If the temperature________ (increase) by a few degrees during the next few years,
we________ (run into) serious problems.
9. What________ (happen) if all the pollution in the world________ (disappear)?
10. At 8 o’clock last night, I________ (watch) “A Plastic Wave”, a documentary on plastic
pollution.
11. We should avoid ________ (buy) frozen foods because their packaging is mostly plastic.
12. Air pollution can make people ________ (die).
VII. Supply the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. As an_____________________ why do you oppose banning plastic bags? (environment)
2. The radiation leak has had a_________________ effect on the environment. (disaster)
3. The water supply is being tested for _______________________. (contaminate)
4. Heavy metals in_______________ water cut short millions of lives every year. (drink)
5. Scientists warn that plastic pollution in oceans will be one of the _________ threats. (big)
6. Pollution is the process of making parts of the living environment___________. (dirt)
7. If thermal pollution continues for a long time, it can_________ cause huge bacteria. (possible)
8. She became deaf after long-term________________ to noise in the workplace. (expose)
9. Living near a busy road could cause high blood_______________________. (press)
10. Wastewater_____________ a process used to remove contaminants from sewage. (treat)
IX. Choose the word which best fits each gap.
Many human activities over the last 200 years have been responsible (1) ________
polluting the air and damaging people’s health. Automobile engines and power plants burn
combustible (2) ________ like gasoline and coal and allow toxic gases and smoke to escape
into the air. Some pollutants destroy the ozone layer, which is the thin blanket of gases that
(3) ________ Earth from the Sun’s dangerous ultraviolet rays. Other pollutants contribute to
(4) ________ warming by adding to the planet’s natural greenhouse effect. Still others create
acid rain, a phenomenon that has disastrous (5) ________ on lake and forest habitats. Air
pollution is not limited to industrial areas. Depending on the direction of the wind and its
force, air pollutants may (6) ________ spread to other countries very far from the source of
the pollution.
Big cities like Los Angeles and Mexico City are*often covered by smog, a fog that
occurs (7) ________ air pollution. In 1952, the City of London, England, was enveloped by
smog so thick that people on the streets had to feel their way around by (8) ________ the
walls of buildings!
1. A. for B. of C. to D. with
2. A. chemicals B. means C. fuels D. matters
3. A. covers B. protects C. stops D. damages
4. A. environmental B. thermal C. temperature D. global
5. A. affects B. causes C. sources D. effects
6. A. never B. even C. ever D. hardly
7. A. because of B. in spite of C. instead of D. due of
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8. A. climbing B. walking C. touching D. putting up
X. Read the passage carefully and do the tasks.
There are many kinds of pollution. Air, water, and land can be polluted. Some
pollution is caused by nature, such as foods, forest fires, and volcanoes. People are the major
Cause of pollution. We pollute the air with our cars, homes, and factories. Smoke from
factories and car exhaust makes the air looks gray and smoggy. Some people cannot go
outside when the air is very bad! We pollute the water by dumping garbage and Chemicals
in the water. Plants and animals die because of the pollution in the water. We pollute the soil
with Chemicals and garbage. We harm the land by cutting down trees in the forest,
especially to build roads and new houses without careful planning and thinking.
The only way to save our environment is to think about pollution. How can you stop or
limit pollution? How do we protect our environment? Conservation is one way to protect
our environment. Conservation is the wise use and protection of our environment. We can
control water pollution by not producing as much as waste and by proper disposal of sewage
and garbage. We can take care of recreation land by cleaning up, after ourselves and not
causing more pollution. Carpooling and public transportation will help reduce air pollution.
Recycling is a type of conservation. Recycling is reusing items over again or in a new
way. Recycling can help us conserve our natural resources so they will last many more years.
A. Find the word in bold in the passage that means:
1. the protection of the natural environment ________
2. have a bad effect on something ________
3. a large amount of water covering an, area that usually dry ________
4. sharing a car ride with other people ________
5. waste gases that come out of an engine ________
6. the process of making air, water, soil, etc. dirty ________
7. get rid of ________
B. Choose the correct answers.
1. According to the passage, pollution________
A. is always caused by humans. B. can only be caused by nature.
C. is mainly caused by humans. D. may sometimes cause natural disasters.
2. What kind of pollution may a car cause?
A. Air pollution B. Water pollution C. Soil pollution D. Light pollution
3. Which of the followings is not an example of soil pollution?
A. Land development B. Waste disposal
C. Pesticide or fertilizer use D. Exhaust from traffic
4. How can we help save our environment?
A. Stop pollution. B. Dump garbage into the river.
C. Drive cars everywhere. D. Cut down trees in the forests.
5. How does recycling help the environment?
A. It expands landfills. B. It saves natural resources.
C. It increases water pollution. D. It causes air pollution.
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6. What can we do to help reduce air pollution?
A. Walk or bike B. Carpool to work or school
C. Use public transport D. All of the above
7. What is the main idea of this article?
A. The air is dirty because of cars and factories.
B. The soil gets polluted from littering.
C. People cause pollution, but they can also stop or limit it.
D. Conservation is the only way to stop environmental pollution.
XI. Joining two sentences, using the words in brackets.
1. We must conserve water. Otherwise we will face serious water shortages. (IF)
____________________________________________________________________
2. The weather was awful. We didn’t enjoy our camping holiday. (BECAUSE OF)
____________________________________________________________________
3. Plastic bags are non-biodegradable. They will remain in the environment for many years. (SINCE)
___________________________________________________________________
4. Paul doesn’t think about the planet. He wastes so much water. (IF)
____________________________________________________________________
5. Water pollution happens. Many aquatic animals such as fish can die. (LEAD)
____________________________________________________________________
6. The climate is changing. The earth is getting warmer. (BECAUSE)
____________________________________________________________________
7. We should stop cutting down so many trees. We endanger our oxygen supply. (UNLESS)
____________________________________________________________________
8. People begin to recycle. They generate much less trash. (WHEN)
____________________________________________________________________
9. We are damaging the ozone layer. The ozone layer is necessary for human existence. (EVEN THOUGH)
____________________________________________________________________
10. Sue is suffering from skin cancer. She was exposed to radiation when she was young. (SO)
____________________________________________________________________
UNIT 8: ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES
A. PHONETICS
I. Write the missing letters -ese or -ee, then put the words into the correct columns.
interview Canton Japan adopt
employ Portugu Chin Congol
guarant address Taiwan degr
assign consign refug Sudan
Leban Nenal commit train
II. Mark the stress for the following words, then complete the sentences.
Japanese addressee Vietnamese adoptee
Portuguese trainee referee employee
Refugees escapees Cantonese examinee
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1. The___________________ name was spelled incorrectly on the letter.
2. Her boss thinks she is a hard-working_____________________.
3. The___________________ are the people of the Guangdong region in the South of China.
4. The___________________ whistled and the game was over.
5. Thousands of________________ have entered the camps along the borders in recent days.
6. The_______________ kimono is one of the world’s recognizable traditional garments.
7. A Vietnamese male_____________________ has found his biological parents.
8. The______________________ had only just finished the test when the bell rang.
9. Susan has lived in Hanoi for a year and she is studying_______________________.
10. A________________________ teacher showed the children what to do.
11. _________________________ is the national language of Brazil.
12. The______________________ were recaptured after three days on the run.
III. Match countries with their people and capitals.
London Irish Ottawa Dublin New Zealander American Cardiff Wellington
Australian Canberra Washington D C Scottish Edinburgh English Canadian Welsh
Country People Capital

1. Ireland
2. The USA
3. Canada
4. Scotland
5. New Zealand
6. England
7. Australia
8. Wales
IV. How much do you know about English speaking countries? Choose the best answers.
1. Where is Disney World?
A. Texas B. California C. Florida D. Arizona
2. Which country is home to the kangaroo?
A. Canada B. New Zealand C. The USA D. Australia
3. Loch Ness, known for sightings of a monster called Nessie, is a large and deep lake in__.
A. Wales B. North Ireland C. Scotland D. England
4. Which City is in Canada?
A. Montreal B. Chicago C. Melbourne D. Wellington
5. Britain is not famous for__________.
A. Harvard University B. Arthur Conan Doyle
C. Buckingham Palace D. William Shakespeare
6. Wanaka is one of the most visited and favoured towns in .
A. England B. Singapore C. New Zealand D. Canada
7. What is the Symbol of New Zealand?
A. a koala B. a rooster C. a kiwi D. a bear
8. Which is not a State in the United States?
A. Alaska B. Washington DC. C. Michigan D. New York
▪ Page 17
9. Which is the largest English speaking country?
A. Canada B. The UK C. The US D. Australia
10. __________ is in the City of Westminster, Central London.
A. The Golden Gate Bridge B. The Statue of Liberty
C. Canterbury Cathedral D. Trafalgar Square
11. On the official flag of Canada, we can see__________.
A. a crescent moon B. four red stars
C. a red maple leaf D. white stripes
12.What is one of the most famous landmarks in Australia?
A. Leaning Tower of Pisa B. Great Barrier Reef
C. Statue of Liberty D. Machu Picchu
13. What is the name of the most famous clock in Britain?
A. Big Clock B. Big John C. Big Apple D. Big Ben
14. Which country does not have a star on its flag?
A. The United Kingdom B. The United States
C. New Zealand D. Singapore
15. Which country is an island city-state?
A. Scotland B. Wales C. Singapore D. Australia
V. Complete the sentences, using the verbs in the box in the present simple form.
finish take off not begin continue not open
land start have last not leave
1. The match_______________ at three o’clock, so please be here by two.
2. The exhibition_____________________ until 31 December. Don’t miss it!
3. The train________________________ at 10.15. It arrives at 10.15.
4. What time_________________________ you English class tomorrow?
5. Could you pick me up at the airport tomorrow morning? The plane__________ at 8.30.
6. Most supermarkets in Spain__________ until 10 a.m.
7. What a terrible film! When it__________?
8. The piano concert__________ at 8 o’clock. It is cancelled.
9. There has been a change to the schedule and your fight now__________ at 18.40.
10. This summer holidays__________ for two months instead of three.
VI. Underline the correct form.
1. Our ferry departs / is departing for Amsterdam at 7 tomorrow morning.
2. What time do you meet / are you meeting Steve on Sunday?
3. After the reconstruction the supermarket opens / is opening on Monday again.
4. Do you have / Are you having your birthday party this week or next week? I forgot!
5. We hold / are holding a Science fair next weekend. There will be displays of students’ work.
6. When does the school end / is the school ending this year?
7. Mark and I play / are playing basketball after school today. Do you want to play too?
8. Kate phoned up. She comes round / is coming round to see us this weekend.
9. The Prime Minister arrives / is arriving in India on Tuesday and spends / is spending a
couple of days in Delhi.
10. I’ve just phoned the centre and the doors open / are opening at 18.00.
▪ Page 18
VII. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs (present simple, present
continuous, or present perfect).
1. _____________________ (you/ talk) about the upcoming journey? Can I join?
2. Recently, the United States_______________ (alter) the whole of their immigration laws.
3. Either kangaroo or Sydney Opera House__________________ (symbolize) Australia.
4. Look at the London Eye! The wheel_____________ (appear) motionless, but
it__________ (rotate) slowly.
5. Look! The concert__________ (start) at 7 P.M. and__________ (end) at 9 P.M.
6. Canada__________ (provide) fish, furs, and other natural resources to the world since the
15th century.
7. We’ve already booked our holiday. We__________ (go) to Scotland in July.
8. About 375 million people__________ (speak) English as their first language.
9. To preserve natural habitat, the government__________ (establish) six national parks so far.
10. Excuse me, what time____________________ (the last train to Dublin/ leave)?
11. I______________________ (live) in the UK at the moment to learn English.
12. English__________ (be) an official language in several African countries, such as
Liberia, Nigeria, and South Africa.
13. __________ (you/ ever/ be) to Singapore? - Yes, I__________ (be) there twice.
14. Where__________ (you/ go) on your holiday next summer?
15. Over 670 million people__________ (visit) Disneyland since its opening in 1955.
VIII. Choose the best answers.
1. English__________ from a Proto-Indo-European language about 5,000 years ago.
A. derives B. derived C. is deriving D. has derived
2. Since 2005, India__________ the world’s largest English-speaking population.
A. has B. is having C. had D. has had
3. The United Kingdom__________ of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
A. consists B. is consisted C. has consisted D. consisted
4. English__________ around the world by children in school as a foreign language.
A. has learned B. is learning C. is learned D. learned
5. You’d better go to bed early tonight. The plane__________ at 6 o’clock tomorrow
morning so we’ll have to be up by 4.30!
A. will leave B. leaves C. leave D. is leaving
6. Over the past five years, Australia’s population__________ by 1.86 million people.
A. increases B. is increasing C. has increased D. is increased
7. I’m sorry. I can’t meet up this weekend. We__________ to Wales on Friday.
A. go B. are going C. will go D. has gone
8. In the 16th century, French and British settlers__________ in Canada.
A. arrive B. have arrived C. was arriving D. arrived
9. __________ that there are no wild snakes in Ireland?
A. Do you know B. Are you knowing C. Elave you known D. Did you know
10. The Statue of Liberty, an American Symbol of freedom, __________ in France.
A. actually made B. was actually made C. has actually made D. makes actually
11. The Disney World__________ in the City of Orlando, which is in the State of Florida.
A. locates B. is locating C. is located D. located
▪ Page 19
12. Nowadays, Canada__________ against the influence of the foreign cultures, especially of
the us one.
A. struggled B. is struggling C. was struggling D. has struggled
13. Indian Disney Channel__________ Tom and Jerry Kids at 7 pm.
A. shows B. is showing C. is shown D. has shown
14. My family__________ in Chicago for more than 20 years.
A. live B. are living C. were D. have been
IX. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. Which countries have the most English_______________________? (speak)
2. The natural________________ beauty of Thodupuzha has attracted many Malayalam
movie makers. (scenery)
3. England is the largest of the four_____________ regions making up the United Kingdom.
(geography)
4. Flags____________________ nations, not languages. (symbol)
5. Ayers Rock is also one of the top tourist___________________ in Australia. (attract)
6. The Eiffel Tower is the most____________________ Parisian landmark. (icon)
7. English is recognised as an__________ language in a total of 67 different countries. (office)
8. The town is__________________ situated between two glacial lakes and is surrounded by
natural beauty. (unique)
9. It is claimed that the__________ were the first discoverers of Australia. (Portugal)
10. __________ men don’t wear a skirt but rather a kilt, a product of the Gaelic heritage.
(Scotland)
X. Complete each sentence with an appropriate preposition.
1. Our summer camp closes__________ July 15th.
2. Most foreign students in the camp come__________ English speaking countries.
3. I am really looking forward__________ our trip to London.
4. Around 13 million people speak English__________ their first language.
5. New Zealand is famous__________ the scenic beauty of its mountains and forests.
6. Australia is home__________ unique animals like the kangaroo and koala.
7. Thanksgiving Day is celebrated__________ the fourth Thursday of November.
8. The children are spending a week__________ a summer camp.
9. All our teachers are native speakers__________ English.
10. Chloe is French, so she speaks English__________ a French accent.
C. SPEAKING
I. Match the questions to the answers.
1. What is the national flower of Wales? a. Glasgow
2. What is the national Symbol of the USA? b. The beaver
3. What country has a dragon on their flag? c. In 1492
4. What is the Capital of New Zealand? d. Canada
5. Where do Aborigines live? e. Daffodil
6. Which is the national mascot of Canada? f. Wales
7. How many countries have English as an official language? g. Wellington
▪ Page 20
8. When was America discovered? h. In Australia
9. Which country has two official languages? i. The bald eagle
10. Which is Scotland’s biggest City? j. Seventy five
II. Complete the conversations with the sentences or phrases from the box.
Good idea. It's amazing! That's not true. I will.
You're right. Absolutely not! Have a good time. It's a truly awesome sight.
1. “Have you ever visited Niagara Falls?” - “Yes, twice. __________”

2. “How’s your holiday going?” - “__________There are many beautiful and best places to
travel in New Zealand.”
3. “Did you enjoy your summer camp?” - “__________I found the camp so boring.”
4. “Everyone looks eager for the summer holiday.” - “__________They can’t wait for the
summer camp next week.”
5. “I think Toronto is the Capital of Canada.” - “__________It’s Ottawa.”
6. “We’re going on a trip to New York tomorrow.” - “__________”
7. “Why don’t we register for a summer camp?” - “__________”
8. “Remember to send me postcards when you get there.” - “__________”
D. READING
preserve for like belief
iconic highly pouch home
No one can resist the cuddly allure of koalas. These (1) __________
Australia animals are marsupials, a kind of mammal that is born
undeveloped and is carried in a pouch. (2) __________all marsupials,
including kangaroos, wombats, baby koalas are called joeys.
Newborn koalas are called pinkies, born blind and about the size of a jellybean. After
birth the pinkie immediately crawls into its mother’s (3) __________, where it’ll stay for 6 to
7 months. At around 9 to 10 months the joey leaves the pouch for good, ready to munch on a
variety of eucalypts. The leaves of these trees are (4) __________toxic and low on nutrition,
requiring lots of energy to digest. This is why koalas spend so much time snoozing so as to
(5) __________ energy - often sleeping up to 18 - 20 hours a day!
Contrary to popular (6) __________, the koala is not a bear - though it’s certainly as
cute as a teddy bear. One of the best places to see koalas in the wild is Kangaroo Island, a
natural island sanctuary that is (7) __________ to many of Australia’s native animals. It’s the
ultimate Australia bucket list destination (8) __________animal lovers.
II. Read the passage carefully and do the tasks.
▪ Page 21
New Zealand is located in the south-west Pacific Ocean, 1,600 kilometres south-east
of Australia. It consists of two main islands called the North Island and the South Island and
a number of small islands. The Maori - Polynesian race - were the first people who settled in
New Zealand before the year 750 A.D. The first European, a Dutch man called Abel Tasman
arrived in New Zealand in 1642. Over a hundred year later, in 1769, Captain James Cook
who belonged to the British Royal Navy discovered Fiordland in the South of New Zealand.
Then came the navigators, sealers, whalers, explorers and miners. From 1840, New Zealand
was a British Colony. It became an independent nation in 1947.
New Zealand is as large as the United Kingdom or Japan, but it has a much smaller
population, only about 4.9 million. Most people live on the North Island where there are two
biggest cities: Wellington, the Capital City, and Auckland, the biggest City in terms of
population.
New Zealand is a beautiful country of snow-capped mountains, beaches and
waterfalls. It’s also famous for its large population of sheep. There are about 45 million
sheep living in farms all over the country. New Zealand has many special birds. The best
known is the kiwi. This lightless bird is the national emblem of New Zealand. New
Zealanders call themselves “kiwis”; it’s their nicknames!
A. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. New Zealand is an island country in the Pacific Ocean.
2. New Zealand was first discovered by James Cook in 1642.
3. New Zealand used to be part of the United Kingdom.
4. The alternative name for a New Zealander, Kiwi, is named after a fruit.
5. The Capital of New Zealand also has the highest population.
6. There are more sheep than people in New Zealand.
B. Answer the questions.
1. Where’s New Zealand?
___________________________________________________________
2. Who were the first people to arrive in New Zealand?
___________________________________________________________
3. When did Captain James Cook arrive in New Zealand?
___________________________________________________________
4. How many people live in New Zealand?
___________________________________________________________
5. What is the national icon of New Zealand?
___________________________________________________________
E. WRITING
I. Write full sentences, using the words or phrases provided. You can add some words
or make suitable changes.
1. English/ official language/ Singapore.
___________________________________________________________
2. Australians/ native speakers/ English/ because/ they/ use/ it/ mother tongue.
▪ Page 22
___________________________________________________________
3. the United States/ Thanksgiving/ celebrate/ the fourth Thursday/ November.
___________________________________________________________
4. Scotland/ famous/ its rich culture/ as well/ its amazing natural beauty.
___________________________________________________________
5. you/ ever/ see/ Scottish man/ wear/ kilt?
___________________________________________________________
6. Canada/ first/ discover/ the French explorer, Jacques Cartier/ 1534.
___________________________________________________________
7. Niagara Falls/ be/ popular tourist attraction/ over 200 years.
___________________________________________________________
8. English/ speak/ the primary language/ many countries/ around the world.
___________________________________________________________
II. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one. Use
the word given.
1. It’s three years since I started learning Spanish. (FOR)
I_____________________________________________________________
2. It is difficult for my friends to understand Australian’s accent. (DIFFICULTY)
My friends_____________________________________________________
3. Tim didn’t join the summer camp because he was sick. (OF)
Because_______________________________________________________
4. Could you speak English when you were young? (ABLE)
When you were young, __________________________________________?
5. Three hundred students entered the swimming competition last year. (PART)
Three hundred students__________________________________________
6. North pole is too cold for humans to live there. (SO)
North pole is__________________________________________________
7. We haven’t seen Barak for more than six months. (LAST)
We_________________________________________________________
8. I can’t wait to see the sights in London. (FORWARD)
I am_________________________________________________________
9. What time does your plane land tomorrow? (WHEN)
Can you tell___________________________________________________?
10. If I were you, I would take part in the summer camp in Canada. (ADVISED)
Jim__________________________________________________________
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
TEST FOR UNIT 8
1. A. camp B. language C. native D. accent
2. A. capital B. scenic C. Scotland D. iconic
3. A. increased B. provided C. haunted D. founded
4. A. loch B. schedule C. French D. chaos
5. A. brigade B. kilt C. liberty D. icon
1. A. American B. Canadian C. Australian D. Portuguese
2. A. monument B. symbolize C. attraction D. spectacle
3. A. natural B. trainee C. unique D. parade
4. A. territory B. festivity C. traditional D. geography
▪ Page 23
5. A. official B. legendary C. historic D. iconic
III. Fill in each blank with an appropriate word.
Wales is one of the countries (1) __________ the United Kingdom. It’s a small
country with England to the east. It has some of the (2) __________ beautiful beaches in the
UK and is a popular destination for holidaymakers and water sports fans. As (3) __________
as beaches, there are a lot of mountains and also three national parks, including Snowdonia.
It is in north Wales and (4)__________ highest mountain, Snowdon, is l,085m.
The (5)__________ of Wales is just over three million people, around five percent of
the total UK population. Most Welsh people live in South Wales in the (6)__________ city,
Cardiff, and two other big cities: Swansea and Newport. In Cardiff you can go shopping,
(7)__________ the castle, go to the museum or go to a concert or sports match at the famous
Millennium Stadium.
If you ever go to Wales, you (8)__________ see dragons everywhere! Not real ones,
of course, but a red dragon appears on the national (9) __________ of Wales. Other (10)
__________ of Wales include the leek (a long, green vegetable) and the daffodil (a white or
yellow flower).
1. Residents from Liverpool speak English__________ a different accent.
A. with B. as C. on D. under
2. Last summer, Mike spent two weeks__________ a summer camp.
A. for B. in C. on D. at
3. The inhabitants of Scotland are called__________.
A. Scotlanders B. Scotlish C. Scots D. Scotchs
4. Her English accent is so good that she is thought of as a__________ speakers.
A. natural B. official C. non-native D. native
5. Loch Ness is a__________ in the Highlands of Scotland.
A. person B. lake C. valley D. river
6. __________ having two official languages, Canada has the third largest English-speaking
population.
A. Despite B. Because C. Due to D. Even though
7. The Capital of Canada is__________.
A. Edinburgh B. Ottawa C. Cardiff D. Belfast
8. __________ your international summer camp going? - It’s just awesome.
A. How’s B. What’s C. Where’s D. When’s
9. Susan looks forward__________ a music camp, where she can sing and dance.
A. to attend B. to attending C. to be attended D. be attending
10. Where do Maoris live?
A. Scotland B. Australia C. Canada D. New Zealand
1. Could you meet us at the airport tomorrow afternoon? Our flight will land at 4 o’clock.
A B C D
2. Australia is home of many unique species of animals that cannot be found anywhere else.
A B C D
3. The English language has approximate 400 million native speakers worldwide.
A B C D
4. The United States of American is the world’s third largest country in size.
▪ Page 24
A B C D
5. About 20 percents of the world’s population speaks English as a first or second language.
A B C D
6. Scottish kilts were traditionally wore as full length garments by Gaelic-speaking male.
A B C D
7. The Australian flag consists a dark blue field with the Union Jack and six white stars.
A B C D
8. I find it’s difficult to understand some of my Scottish friends because of their accent.
A B C D
9. Niagara Falls is one of the most spectacle waterfalls in the world.
A B C D
10. Visitors to Scotland can spend endless days to explore its historic centuries-old castles.
A B C D
1. I______________________ (already/ apply) for a sports summer camp in the UK.
2. Minh usually__________ (watch) movies in English and it__________ (help) improve
his English.
3. We____________ (visit) the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island if we go to New York.
4. Where____________ (you/ go) on your holiday next summer?
5. The Viking__________ (invade) Ireland in the 9th century.
6. English__________ (speak) as the primary language in many countries around the world.
7. If it __________ (not rain) today we’d take a trip to Edinburgh Castle.
8. The 12th English Teaching Conference__________ (take place) on 5-12 June.
9. Since the late 1980s, the economy of Ireland__________ (grow) rapidly.
10. Everyone__________ (sleep) when the earthquake__________ (hit) the small town two
days ago.
11. Do you have difficulty__________ (understand) your Australian friends?
12. Let’s__________ (visit) medieval castles. It’s really interesting, I think.
1. Many companies recruit graduate_________________ to train as managers. (train)
2. The pronunciation course will help you make a big__________ in your spoken English.
(improve)
3. Many__________ students choose to study in Australia because of the high quality
of education. (nation)
4. Is the Loch Ness Monster a real or___________________ creature? (legend)
5. People around the world see the Statue of Liberty as a Symbol of__________. (free)
6. The__________ in Switzerland is exceedingly attractive to the tourists. (scenic)
7. Vancouver and Toronto are__________ liveable cities in the world. (famous)
8. One of the less__________ features of California is the threat of earthquakes. (attract)
9. Both__________ and English are the official languages of Ireland. (Ireland)
10. Denali State Park is one of North America’s most__________ beautiful regions.
(spectacle)
VIII. Match the questions to the answers.
1. What is the Capital of Australia? a. British flag
2. Who discovered Australia and New Zealand? b. The kiwi
▪ Page 25
3. How many States are there in the United States? c. The Maple Leaf
4. What countries wear kilts? d. California
5. Where is New Zealand located? e. Canberra
6. What country is home to a number of marsupials? f. Fifty
7. What’s the most typical animal in New Zealand? g. Australia
8. What’s the Union Jack? h. James Cook
9. What is the national Symbol of Canada? i. Below Australia
10. Which US State is called the Sunshine State? j. Scotland and Ireland
IX. Choose the word or phrase which best fits each gap.
THE LONDON EYE

The London Eye is an attraction not to be missed when visiting London!
The London Eye is the massive Ferris wheel that (1) __________135 meters tall and
120 meters wide on the South bank of the River Thames, near Westminster Bridge and
opposite the Houses of Parliament and Big Ben.
Originally called The Millennium Wheel, the formal opening (2) __________was performed
by Tony Blair on the last day of 1999, with the first members of the public riding the wheel
(3) __________ March 2000. The wheel took only 16 months to build, and at the time was
the tallest observation wheel in the world (two larger wheels have since been built). It
remains the tallest wheel in Europe.
Around the wheel are 32 capsules, each representing one London (4) __________ .
Each capsule weighs 10 tonnes and carries 25 passengers. As the wheel slowly rotates, taking
about 30 minutes to complete one rotation at a (5) __________ of 26 cm per second, visitors
can sit or walk around inside the capsules and enjoy marvellous views over London of up to
40 kilometres. Visitors might be able to (6) __________ the Olympic park in Stratford, Big
Ben, St Pau’s Cathedral and Buckingham Palace. On a clear day it is possible to see Windsor
Castle. The slow rotation of the wheel means that it can revolve continuously without
needing to stop to let people (7) __________.
The London Eye is the most popular paid for attraction in London, with 3.5 million
visitors every year. It has already become an (8) __________ London building. The yearly
New Year’s Eve fireworks are launched from the base of the London Eye.
1. A. builds B. stands C. holds D. reaches
2. A. celebration B. anniversary C. ceremony D. meeting
3. A. in B. on C. at D. from
4. A. division B. county C. region D. borough
5. A. speed B. length C. distance D. lick
6. A. visit B. spot C. attract D. join
7. A. in and out B. on and on C. off and on D. on and off
8. A. ancient B. historic C. iconic D. official
X. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answers.
NATIVE AMERICANS
▪ Page 26
Native Americans have been living in what is now the United States of America since
long before any Europeans came. They are not just a single group of people - there are many
different tribes of Native Americans. Different Native American groups have different
languages, religious believes, and ways of living, or folkways.
The Hopi are Native Americans who come from what is now the American Southwest.
When the Spanish came to America in the 16th century and found the Hopi people, they
nicknamed them “pueblo people” because Hopi people didn’t move around much - they lived
together in what amounted to towns. Pueblo is a Spanish word that means “town.” The Hopi
have always been a very peaceful people. Their name comes from the term Hopituh Shi-nu-
mu, which means, in the Hopi language, “The Peaceful People” or “Peaceful Little Ones.”
The Navajo come from the same general area as the Hopi. But instead of staying in
one place, they moved around. They didn’t live in permanent towns like the Hopi. They were
a “semi-nomadic” people. While the Hopi were historically known for farming, the Navajo
were known for hunting and gathering. After they met the Spanish, the Navajo became
known for herding sheep. The Hopi, not so much.
Today, there may not be as many thriving Native American tribes as there used to be,
but there are more than a few. All in all, there are about 1,000 different groups of Native
American people in the United States, and each group is unique.
1. How long have Native Americans been living in America?
A. A few decades B. Since after the arrival of Europeans
C. About the same time as the Europeans D. Long before any Europeans came
2. Why does the author compare different Native American tribes?
A. to show that they all come from the same region of North America
B. to show how different Native American tribes can be
C. to show the different ways Native American tribes found food
D. to show the traveling patterns of different Native American tribes
3. Which of the following is NOT true about the Hopi?
A. They live in the American Southwest.
B. They were farmers.
C. They travelled from place to place in search of land.
D. They enjoyed a peaceful way of life.
4. What does the word “permanent” most nearly mean?
A. changing B. cultural C. long-lasting D. unstable
5. After the Spanish arrived in the 1600s, the Navajo
A. didn’t live in permanent towns. B. lived by hunting and gathering.
C. moved from their homeland. D. began to farm sheep.
6. What can be inferred about the number of Native American tribes?
A. There are more Native American tribes today than in the 16th century.
B. There are fewer Native American tribes today than in the 16th century.
C. There are the same number of Native American tribes today as in the 16th century.
D. It is unclear about the number of Native American tribes.
7. What is the main idea of this passage?
▪ Page 27
A. Native American tribes can be very different from one another.
B. Native American tribes should be recognized for their similarities.
C. The Spanish had a dramatic effect on Native American tribes.
D. The Hopi and Navajo are the two most important Native American tribes.
UNIT 9: NATURAL DISASTERS

A. PHONETICS
I. Mark the stress on the correct syllable for the following words
1. biography 6. physiology 11. photography 16. meteorology
2. biology 7. ethnography 12. sociology 17. astrology
3. radiography 8. ethnology 13. apology 18. zoology
4. radiology 9. geography 14. bibliography 19. demography
5. physiography 10. geology 15. climatology 20. psychology
II. Circle the word with a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. technology B. disaster C. available D. temporary
2. A. accommodation B. evacuation C. oceanography D. environmentalist
3. A. tsunami B. evacuee C. ecology D. volcanic
4. A. volunteer B. scientific C. sociology D. property
5. A. electronic B. biology C. photography D. astrology
II. Choose the correct answers.
1. The waves of the_________ were so huge that it destroyed everything on the beach.
A. tornado B. hurricane C. tsunami D. earthquake
2. Five skiers are missing after the_________ in the Alps.
A. drought B. landslide C. flood D. avalanche
3. After the_________ all the houses were left under water.
A. flood B. tornado C. typhoon D. mudslide
4. It took firefighters five days to put out the_________.
A. hurricane B. forest fire C. tsunami D. drought
5. A period of 3- 4 months without rain will cause a severe_________.
A. typhoon B. earthquake C. drought D. flood
6. The_________ picked up the car and threw it 100 meters into the air. That’s an incredibly
strong wind!
A. tornado B. volcanic eruption C. landslide D. typhoon
7. The_________ shook parts of the region around Tokyo on Saturday. It was 5 on the
Richter Scale.
A. hurricane B. flood C. earthquake D. tornado
8. _________ occur when a large amount of water causes the rapid erosion of soil on a steep
slope.
A. Tsunamis B. Tornados C. Avalanches D. Mudslides
9. A big storm in the Pacific is known as a_________.
A. avalanche B. typhoon C. tsunami D. tornado
10. Mount Merapi in Indonesia is a famous_________.
A. landslide B. typhoon C. volcano D. tornado
debris tornadoes victims mudslide havoc
disasters property accommodation supplies flood
▪ Page 28
1. The_________ was overwhelming and the City was soon drowned.
2. Teams of people are still clearing the_________ from damaged trees and houses after the
tornado.
3. Temporary housing can be provided to victims when natural strike.
4. The storm wreaked_________ in the garden, uprooting trees and blowing a fence down.
5. _________can destroy buildings, flip cars, and create deadly flying debris.
6. Four people were reported killed when a buried their house.
7. Many people lost their homes due to the earthquake and are staying in temporary
_________ until their houses are rebuilt.
8. Food, clean water and medical_________ arrived three days after the typhoon.
9. A natural disaster can cause loss of life or damage_________.
10. The government is sending aid to flood_________.
IV. Complete the sentences with the correct tense or form of the verbs in the box.
bury collapse erupt put out evacuate
shake scatter rage strike rescue
1. Scientists believe the volcano may_________ any day now.
2. The storm_________ outside while we were partying inside.
3. Firefighters are still trying_________ wildfires that have already burned more than 1.6
million acres of tropical forest.
4. The magnitude 6.7 earthquake_________ Japan’s Hokkaido island in September, 2018.
5. Three houses_________ in a landslide that took place this morning.
6. 8,000 people had to be from their homes as floodwaters flowed through the main streets.
7. Most deaths occur during an earthquake when buildings_________.
8. The well-trained team_________ everyone after the avalanche.
9. Right now, the building_________ so violently I can’t even stand up.
10. The town experienced flooding while strong winds_________ debris across the streets.
V. Choose the best response for each sentence.
1. “I saw a roof flying in the storm yesterday afternoon.” -_________”
A. Exactly. B. That’s horrible! C. That’s a relief. D. So do I.
2. “The weather forecast says it’s going to rain tomorrow.” - “_________What a pity.”
A. Looks great! B. Not at all. C. Sounds good! D. Oh no!
3. “The whole village was submerged in the flood.” - “_________”
A. That’s surprising! B. My fault. C. Already. D. That’s awful!
4. “Have you heard the news? A powerful earthquake and following tsunami hit the island
of Sulawesi, Indonesia.” - “_________”
A. How beautiful! B. Awesome! C. How terrible! D. No problem.
5. “Rescue workers saved a girl trapped in a collapsed school building.” - _________”
A. That’s great! B. Good luck. C. How convenient! D. Oh dear!
6. “Forecasters say that the storm won’t move toward the land.” - “_________”
A. What a pity! B. Never mind. C. That’s a relief! D. It’s OK.
7. _________ “A tornado blew several cars in front of me off the road and into the trees.”
▪ Page 29
- “_________”
A. That’s shocking! B. How cute! C. That’s great! D. Maybe.
8. “Did you know the Amazon rainforest fires have already been controlled.”
- “No, I didn’t.”
A. What a bad day! B. How wonderful!
C. How thoughtful it is! D. Well done.
VI. Complete the sentences with the passive form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Tsunamis_________ (typically/ cause) by large, undersea earthquakes.
2. Nearly a quarter of all homes in the Keys_________ (destroy) by Hurricane Irma in 2017.
3. Over the past two years, 500,000 damaged homes_____________ (rebuild) with support
from the government and donors.
4. An earthquake warning System______________ (install) on the West Coast next month.
5. An average of 10 people in Florida______________ (kill) by lightning strikes annually.
6. Indonesia____________________ (strike) by a tsunami a few days ago.
7. An estimated 10,000 people_________ (already/ evacuate) due to the wildfires since
Wednesday.
8. Scientists predict the South coast______________ (hit) by a large hurricane in two days.
9. After the storm, some major roads are closing because they_________ (repair).
10. The name Heather_________ (use) for three tropical cyclones up to now.
VI. Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.
1. A magnitude 7.1 earthquake shook Southern California on Friday.
___________________________________________________________________
2. They will provide temporary housing to earthquake victims as soon as possible.
___________________________________________________________________
3. Rescue teams have saved hundreds of people from floods in Metro Manila.
___________________________________________________________________
4. An average of 20 typhoons hit the country every year.
___________________________________________________________________
5. A massive landslide buried dozens of homes near a Central Philippine mountain.

___________________________________________________________________
6. They are repairing roads and bridges damaged by the hurricane.
___________________________________________________________________
7. Across the northwest Florida coast, people were clearing storm debris.
___________________________________________________________________
8. Authorities have lifted a tsunami warning after a strong earthquake.
___________________________________________________________________
9. Submarine volcanic eruptions can cause tsunamis.
___________________________________________________________________
10. Will the government send troops to flooded regions?
___________________________________________________________________
VIII. Complete the sentences with the past perfect form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Officials said the blaze_________ (damage) five houses in the area.
▪ Page 30
2. Before Hurricane Sandy struck the US Northeast, it_________ (kill) 72 people in the
Caribbean.
3. US Weather Service_________ (not issue) any warning by the time the tornado moved to
a City nearby.
4. As of Monday night, more 10,149 people_________ (leave) their homes across the
province.
5. We _________ (not experience) any natural disasters before we were trapped in an
avalanche last month.
6. What_________ (the government/ do) by the time the mudslide occurred?
7. El Nino weather_________ (hit) Mekong Delta as the worst drought in 90 years, report said.
8. Many local people said that they_________ (never/ see) such a fierce storm in their life.
9. Those evacuees_________ (not return) home by late December.
10. _________ (people/ evacuate) the area when the hurricane hit?
IX. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or past perfect.
1. By the time the firefighters_________ (arrive), the fire_________ (already destroy)
over 50 hectares of pine forests.
2. Two people_________ (report) that flames_________ (trap) them inside a smoke-filled
apartment.
3. It_________ (rain) all morning before the tornado_________ (touch) down.
4. They_________ (not know) where to shelter from the storm because nobody_________
(tell) them.
5. _________ (you/ already leave) the office when the fire_________ (start)?
6. The post_________ (not arrive) when I_________ (leave) home this morning.
7. It_________ (be) cloudy for days before it_________ (start) to rain heavily
and_________ (flood) the whole City.
8. When I_________ (get) to the check-in desk, I realized I_________ (leave) my ticket at
home.
9. After Tom and his neighbours_________ (put out) the fire, the fire engines_________
(arrive) at the cottage.
10. She_________ (recognize) the warning signs that she_________ (learn) in a school
lesson on tsunami two days before.
11. By the time the rescuers_________ (arrive), they_________ (run) out of food and water.
12. The rescue team_________ (find) the child after they_________ (search) for ten hours.
X. Underline the correct form.
On 26 December 2004, Tilly Smith, a 10-year-old British schoolgirl (1) walked / was
walking on the beach with her family. Suddenly Tilly (2) felt / had felt that something was
wrong. She could see that the water (3) had risen / was rising and waves (4) had come / were
coming up the beach. The beach (5) got / was getting smaller and smaller. She (6) didn’t
know / hadn’t know that there had been an earthquake in Sumatra that morning, but she
suddenly (7) remembered / had remembered a geography lesson she (8) was having / had
had at school just two weeks before. She (9) told / had told her mother what she (10) was
▪ Page 31
learning / had learned about earthquake and giant waves. Tilly (11) started / had started
screaming at her parents to get off the beach. They (12) took / had taken Tilly back to their
hotel and (13) raised / had raised the alarm. Thanks to Tilly, everybody from that beach (14)
survived / had survived that terrible day.
XI. Choose the correct answers.
1. A drought happens when there_________ no rain in a place for a long time.
A. is B. was C. has been D. had been
2. A flood_________ when a large amount of water covers the land.
A. occurs B. is occurred C. is occurring D. has occurred
3. The size of earthquakes_________ on the Richter scale.
A. measures B. measured C. is measuring D. is measured
4. Hurricane Dorian_________ the Abaco Islands as a category 5 hurricane on September 1.
A. strike B. struck C. had struck D. was struck
5. At least 200 people_________ after rivers burst their banks in Colombia mudslides.
A. killed B. had killed C. were killed D. are being killed
6. Since Monday, more than a dozen tornadoes_________ down across Oklahoma.
A. touches B. touched C. have touched D. were touched
7. Hurricanes and heavy rains_________ with the help of technology.
A. predicted B. are predicting C. will predict D. can be predicted
8. A tornado watch is issued when there is a possibility that a tornado .
will touch B. is touched C. touched D. had touched
9. Before that day in Hawaii, we_________ a volcanic eruption.
A. never saw B. has never seen C. had never seen D. were never seen
10. So far, some of the storm damaged roads and bridges_________.
A. already repaired B. had already repaired
C. were already repaired D. have already been repaired
11. We_________ home when a hurricane hit the town two days ago. What a terrible experience!
A. are driving B. were driving C. drove D. had driven
12. Families camped out in a City park after their homes_________ by the earthquake.
A. have heavily damaged B. had damaged heavily
C. were heavily damaged D. are damaged heavily
XII. Use the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. Earthquakes cause the ground to move and shake__________________. (violent)
2. Rescue experts can identify____________________ victims with modern methods. (bury)
3. Mount Mayon volcano caused a major_________________ in the Philippines. (erupt)
4. Volcanic tremor is the rhythmic ground____________________. (shake)
5. Despite all the modern technology available to us, we’re still________________ against
earthquakes. (help)
6. The remove of_______________ debris can be rapidly finished by machines. (scatter)
7. Indonesia orders immediate_________ as highest alert issued for Bali volcano. (evacuate)
8. We assisted them with the_________ of food and clothing. (provide)
9. Linda was the most_________ typhoon to ever hit Southern Vietnam. (destroy)
10. Medical_________ were sent to the earthquake victims yesterday. (supply)
C. SPEAKING
▪ Page 32
1. __________________________________________________________________
If I knew a tornado was Corning, I would immediately and safe shelter.
2. __________________________________________________________________
Earthquakes are becoming more frequent these days because of excess use of underground
materials.
3. __________________________________________________________________
Dozens of people were buried under a massive landslide in Natonin town.
4. __________________________________________________________________
Rescue crews have helped people from flooded homes and cars.
5. __________________________________________________________________
A 6.9 magnitude earthquake struck the Indonesian island of Lombok on August 5.
6. __________________________________________________________________
Hurricane Dorian is currently hurtling towards Florida.
7. __________________________________________________________________
These eruptions have lasted from a few hours to 145 days.
8. __________________________________________________________________
Tornadoes generally travel at an average speed of 30 miles per hour.
9. __________________________________________________________________
The Amazon is on fire as a result of illegal forest clearing to make more farms.
10. __________________________________________________________________
When it rains for a long time, floods could happen.
D. READING
flooding mudslide avalanche twister

result famine volcanic plates
Mother nature can be a bit scary at times. These days there seem to be more and more
occurrences of natural disasters happening around the world.
An (1) _________ is the large movement of snow down the side of a mountain. They
occur when the snow becomes too loose and as it slides down it mixes with air and water to
cause a powerful and dangerous disaster. A drought happens when there has been no rain in a
place for a long time.
A drought may result in a (2) _________; this is when there is not enough food to feed
the people and they start to starve.
An earthquake occurs when the (3) _________ of the earth start to move and the
ground begins to move and shake. The size of earthquakes is measured on the Richter scale.
A flood occurs when a large amount of water covers the land. Too much rain usually
causes floods. As sea levels continue to rise, the risk of (4) _________ increases.
A hurricane originally means ‘big wind’. Hurricanes are caused by low air pressure
and thunderstorms and (5) _________ in strong winds and heavy rain. When they
▪ Page 33
happen in the Atlantic Ocean we call them Hurricanes; however, they are called Typhoons
when they happen in the Pacific Ocean.
A landslide happens on a slope like a mountain or a hill. The rocks and earth become
loose and fall down the slope. When soil on the slope is wet, a (6) _________ may occur.
A tornado, which is casually known as a (7) _________, is a very large column of
wind that spins around very quickly. The power of a Tornado can cause the winds to destroy
houses and pick up and throw heavy items.
(8) _________ eruptions are caused by the plates of the earth moving and the pressure
makes magma push up through the cracks in the earth.
II. Read the text carefully, then do the tasks.
Vietnam usually has a dozen storms every year from June through the end of
November, and most of which occur in the Central and northern provinces. November 2nd,
1997, however, was an unexpected day when the major storm Linda raged in the South.
Linda was the worst typhoon in Southern Vietnam over 100 years. Formed in the sea of the
Philippines, Linda strengthened as it moved westward. Later, it struck extreme Southern
Vietnam with winds of 100 kilometres an hour. Over 3000 people were reported lost and
died. Ca Mau province, suffered a direct hit by the storm, had the most damage. Gusts and
heavy rainfalls caused flooding, destroyed crops, damaged about 200,000 houses and left
about 383,000 people homeless. Linda later struck Thailand, causing flash flooding and at
least 164 deaths. The storm also affected Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Cambodia to a
lesser degree.
Today, residents in Mekong Delta still remember Linda after 20 years. The duration of
the time is enough for a kid to grow up from an unforgettable event. The memory of a
particular typhoon improves everyone’s awareness of natural disasters.
A. Decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1. The tropical storm Linda hit northern Vietnam on November 2nd, 1997.
2. Linda was the worst typhoon in Vietnam for the last 100 years.
3. From the Philippines, the storm moved west and struck Southern Vietnam with winds of
100 km/h.
4. Approximately 3,000 people were killed during the disaster.
5. Ca Mau province was directly affected by the typhoon.
6. Typhoon Linda caused extensive damage to both property and human.
7. Typhoon Linda only struck Vietnam and Thailand.
8. The storm gradually weakened as it passed over Myanmar.
1. When is the typhoon season in Vietnam?
________________________________________________________________
2. Where in Vietnam was struck by Typhoon Linda?
________________________________________________________________
3. What was the wind speed of Typhoon Linda when it hit Southern Vietnam?
________________________________________________________________
▪ Page 34
4. How many homes were destroyed in Typhoon Linda?
________________________________________________________________
5. Where did Typhoon Linda pass over after striking Vietnam?
________________________________________________________________
6. How many years have passed since the disaster
________________________________________________________________
E. WRITING
I. Reorder the words to make full sentences.
1. the/ dangerous/ flood/ disasters/ in/ most/ world/ of/ the/ is/ one.
________________________________________________________________
2. many/ shelter/ had/ 9 o’clock/ their homes/ by/ people/ camps/ fled/ to/ already/ seek/ in.
________________________________________________________________
3. be/ with/ people/ homeless/ will/ temporary/ provided/ accommodation.
________________________________________________________________
4. a/ Friday/ by/ 6.9/ Indonesia/ magnitude/ was/ earthquake/ powerful/ on/ struck.
________________________________________________________________
5. the earthquake/ hundreds/ completely/ of/ destroyed/ homes/ hit/ the City/ were/ when.
________________________________________________________________
6. natural/ typhoons and floods/ the/ in/ most/ are/ frequent/ Vietnam/ disasters?
________________________________________________________________
7. escape/ before/ people/ had/ to/ fire crews/ the fire/ arrived/ four/ managed.
________________________________________________________________
8. property/ people’s/ disasters/ devastate/ destroy/ their/ lives/ natural/ and.
________________________________________________________________
1. They gave my village a ton of rice three days after the earthquake.
A ton of rice__________________________________________________________
2. Susan wasn’t injured in the earthquake, and her family wasn’t injured, either.
Neither Susan_________________________________________________________
3. It was such a strong typhoon that all trees were uprooted.
The typhoon was_______________________________________________________
4. Scientists might propose another solution for drought.
Another solution_______________________________________________________
5. Our home and almost everything we owned were destroyed by the tornado.
The tornado___________________________________________________________
6. We’re grateful that you sent us food and fresh water.
Thank you____________________________________________________________
7. It was the first time she had been in the path of a hurricane.
She had______________________________________________________________
8. The storm destroyed everything except the bamboo tree.
The only thing_________________________________________________________
▪ Page 35
9. It’s a good idea to find safe shelter right away when there is a tornado warning.
You_________________________________________________________________
10. We could look for the information about natural disasters on the Internet.
How_________________________________________________________________
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
TEST FOR UNIT 9
A. scatter B. shake C. collapse D. evacuate
A. trapped B. damaged C. destroyed D. moved
A. violent B. minor C. disaster D. climate
A. typhoon B. flood C. food D. school
A. earthquake B. weather C. without D. though
A. technology B. psychology C. character D. charge
1. A. scientific B. sociology C. geography D. medication
2. A. collapse B. destroy C. provide D. scatter
3. A. tsunami B. tornado C. property D. eruption
4. A. volunteer B. accurate C. wonderful D. terrible
5. A. victim B. typhoon C. damage D. shelter
III. Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.
1. _________ September 1, 2019, Hurricane Dorian hit the northwestern Bahamas.
A. In B. On C. At D. During
2. The earthquake caused damage_________ property estimated at $6 million.
A. for B. with C. on D. to
3. Due to a lack of rainfall, California regularly has_________ in summertime.
A. tornadoes B. floods C. droughts D. tsunamis
4. What a(n) _________ news! Thousands of people have died in the quake.
A. terrible B. wonderful C. terrific D. exciting
5. Debris was_________ for miles after the tornado touched down late Saturday.
A. evacuated B. scattered C. collapsed D. trapped
6. Natural disasters are caused by nature and_________ we can’t prevent them.
A. therefore B. however C. moreover D. whereas
7. At least 11 people were killed when a four-storey building_________ in the earhquake.
A. was collapsing B. had collapsed C. collapsed D. was collapsed
8. _________ the tsunami warning, there were still lots of people on or near the beach.
A. Due to B. Although C. Because D. Despite
9. It is raining heavily with rolls of thunder. We_________ such a terrible thunderstorm.
A. never see B. would never see C. had never seen D. have never seen
- “A12 year old boy was found alive after being buried in an avalanche for 40 minutes.”
“_________”
A. That’s awesome! B. That’s shocking! C. That’s awful!D. Well done!
IV. Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.
1. By the time the rescue team had arrived, they’d drifted at sea for three days.
A B C D
2. If I were you, I will not go skiing in such weather conditions.
A B C D
3. Search teams were unable to reach some areas because of roads were blocked by lots of debris.
▪ Page 36
A B C D
4. Dozens of people were reported to be still trap in the rubble of a hotel in Palu City.
A B C D
5. Tsunami waves are unlike typically ocean waves generated by wind and storms.
A B C D
6. If you hear a tsunami warning, it is important to move to high ground and stay away
A B C D
the coast.
7. Japan’s Sakurajima volcano has been erupted, sending plumes of smoke and ash
A B
almost a mile into the sky.
C D
8. We are all working hardly to free people trapped in the rubble of collapsed buildings.
A B C D
9. These are the victims of the two tornadoes that cut through eastern Alabama on
A B C
Sunday, kill at least 23 people.
D
10. After the earthquake, thousands of people are left homeless and in need medical supplies
A B C D
and health care.
1. Until now, 38,000 people__________________ (evacuate) from the flood-affected areas.
2. Typhoon Ketsana___________________ (now/ move) west, threatening to hit Central
Vietnam in the Corning days.
3. About 500 ha of pine forests___________________ (destroy) by a fire last month.
4. Can we predict when a volcano________________________ (erupt)?
5. The crops failed because it____________________ (not rain) all summer.
6. Forest fires__________________ (may/ start) by people or by lightning in storms.
7. A powerful earthquake (strike) Southern California on Friday night.
8. Scientists do not use the term “tidal wave” because tsunami waves_________ (not cause)
by tides.
9. The Amazon_______________ (already/ lose) around 17 percent over the past 50 years.
10. I________ (never/ experience) such a big earthquake before I_____ (go) to Java island.
11. Natural disasters can force people_________ (leave) their homes.
12. If you are trapped in a collapsed building, cover your mouth with a cloth to avoid
_________ (breathe) dust.
1. Weather is still_________ in long term, so we don’t know exactly where the storm will
move. (predict)
2. The storm left behind it a trail of____________________. (devastate)
3. Climate change could have_________ effects on Earth. (disaster)
4. Millions of people have been left_____________ following floods in India, Bangladesh
▪ Page 37
and Nepal. (home)
5. Two people were found alive inside the building after the_________. (collapse)
6. _________ are searching for a hiker missing in Hawaii for 10 days. (rescue)
7. The UK is giving Yemen more emergency food aid to help the famine. (relief)
8. Super Typhoon Haiyan is one of the most_________ storms in history. (power)
9. Students from various schools in the City lend a_________ hand to flood victims. (help)
10. Some_________ eruptions are explosive and others are not. (volcano)
IX. Choose the word or phrase which best tits each gap.
Hurricane Dorian was the strongest hurricane on record to (1) _________ the Bahamas, and is
regarded as the worst natural disaster in the country’s history. On 1 September 2019, Dorian hit the Abaco
Islands with sustained winds (2) _________ 185 mph (295 km/h). It made landfall as a (3) _________ 5
hurricane on Elbow Cay, just east of Great Abaco Island, and went on to strike Grand Bahama at similar
intensity, stalling just north of the territory with unrelenting winds for at least 24 hours.
Damage in the Bahamas was (4) _________ due to the prolonged and intense storm conditions,
including heavy rainfall, high winds and storm surge with thousands of homes destroyed, 70,000 people (5)
_________ homeless, and at least 58 deaths recorded. As of September 28, 600 people still remain missing.
Dorian is (6) _________ the costliest disaster in Bahamian history, estimated to have left behind an
exceptional $7 billion in property damage.
(7) _________ its ravages through the Bahamas, Dorian proceeded along the coasts of
the Southeastern United States and Atlantic Canada, leaving behind considerable damage and economic (8)
_________ in those regions.
1. A. strike B. catch C. occur D. enter
2. A. at B. to C. from D. of
3. A. magnitude B. category C. measure D. extension
4. A. significant B. catastrophic C. destructive D. magnificent
5. A. left B. made C. found D. stayed
6. A. by turns B. by the way C. by chance D. by far
7. A. When B. While C. After D. Since
8. A. shortages B. losses C. changes D. crisis
X. Read the passage carefully, then do the tasks.
Elephants on the coast of Thailand are acting strange. They stamp their feet and
motion toward the hills. The sea draws back from the beaches. Fish flop in the mud.
Suddenly, a huge wave appears. This is no ordinary wave. It is a tsunami!
Tsunami waves are larger and faster than normal surface waves. A tsunami wave can
travel as fast as a jet plane and can be as tall as a ten-story building. For a tsunami to occur,
there must be some kind of force that causes the ocean water to become displaced. Most
tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes. However, volcanoes, landslides, large
icebergs, and even meteorites are capable of causing one of these mighty waves. Tsunamis
are extremely powerful. Because tsunami waves are so strong, they can kill people, damage
property, and completely ruin an ecosystem in just one hour.
Scientists have no way of predicting when a tsunami will hit. However, if a powerful
enough earthquake occurs, scientists can issue a warning or a watch. A warning means that a
▪ Page 38
tsunami will very likely hit soon. A watch means that conditions are favourable for a
tsunami. When people are notified about a watch or a warning, they have more time to
prepare. It is best not to get caught unaware when a tsunami is on the way!
A. Match the underlined words in the text with their definitions.
1. saying that something will happen before it happens
2. move in a loose, heavy, and uncontrolled way
3. not knowing or realizing that something is happening
4. very strong and powerful
5. good for something and making it likely to be successful
6. moved out of the usual or proper place
7. all the plants and living creatures in a particular area
1. Why are the elephants acting strange?
A. They are not used to seeing fish.
B. They dislike wading into the ocean.
C. They can sense something out of the ordinary.
D. They see the ocean drawing back from the beaches.
2. What is this passage mostly about?
A. How to prepare for tsunamis.
B. Scientists who predict tsunami waves.
C. Similarities and differences between wave types.
D. Causes and effects of tsunamis.
3. Which does not cause a tsunami?
A. earthquakesB. mudslides C. volcanic eruptions D. meteorites
4. Tsunamis cause so much destruction because they .
A. can be predicted by scientists
B. break on the coast, unlike normal waves
C. are caused by volcanoes, landslides and meteorites
D. can be as tall as a ten-story building
5. We can conclude from the last paragraph that .
A. a tsunami warning is more serious than a watch
B. a tsunami watch is more serious than a warning
C. a tsunami warning and watch are equally serious
D. a tsunami warning and watch both mean a tsunami has formed
X. Write the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one. Use the
words given.
1. It was the first time I had been in an earthquake. (NEVER)
I_________________________________________________________________
2. The wind started to blow three hours ago. (FOR)
The wind__________________________________________________________
3. You should practice Drop, Cover and Hold On with family. (WOULD)
If I_______________________________________________________________
4. During the past two years, drought has affected much of southeastern Australia. (BEEN)
During the past two years,_____________________________________________
5. Typhoons are not as destructive as earthquakes are. (MUCH)
▪ Page 39
Earthquakes________________________________________________________
6. It took firefighters three hours to extinguish the blaze. (OUT)
It_________________________________________________________________
7. Typhoon Faxai hit the Japanese Capital and surrounding regions on Monday. (BY)
The Japanese Capital_________________________________________________
8. The weather was so bad that the plane could not take off. (PREVENTED)
The bad weather_____________________________________________________
9. While we were going home yesterday we got caught in a thunderstorm. (WAY)
We________________________________________________________________
10. What about raising money for flood victims? (SHOULD)
Jenny______________________________________________________________
TEST YOURSELF 3
I. Choose the word that has underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
1. A. icon B. visual C. scenic D. disaster
2. A. territory B. Scottish C. often D. tornado
3. A. parade B. rage C. earthquake D. climate
4. A. source B. visit C. castle D. station
5. A. dead B. health C. great D. heavy
II. Choose the word that has different stress pattern.
1. A. paradise B. exhibit C. invention D. excursion
2. A. medical B. natural C. kangaroo D. visitor
3. A. volcanic B. refugee C. contaminate D. tsunami
4. A. evacuate B. emergency C. biography D. economic
5. A. rescue B. damage C. collapse D. illustrate
III. Complete each sentence with an appropriate word. The first letter is given.
1. Have you made any friends from English s___________________ countries?
2. We can’t see stars at night due to l___________________ pollution.
3. This family is h_________________ after Hurricane Florence destroyed their home.
4. The o_____________ languages of Singapore are English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil.
5. U___________ sewage directly pumped into rivers can cause water pollution.
6. When a t____________________ touches down, it can destroy everything in its path.
7. The river has been p___________________ with toxic waste from local factories.
8. Wellington is the c_________________ of New Zealand.
9. A k___________________ is a knee-length skirt worn by men in Scotland.
10. In summer, children often take part in a local or International summer c___________ .
IV. Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.
1. Air pollution has many effects_________ the environment and living organisms.
A. in B. of C. for D. on
2. The volcano has erupted approximately once every ten years_________ 1970.
A. since B. in C. from D. for
3. After a severe storm, there is often_________ along the shore that will need to be removed.
A. waste B. debris C. lava D. junk
4. In the 1980s, acid rain_________ widespread damage to forests in the areas.
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A. made of B. resulted in C. led for D. caused by
5. _________ plastic takes so long to break down, it pollutes the land and water.
A. Even though B. While C. Since D. Because of
6. If I had the chance to take part in an International summer camp, I_________ very excited.
A. am B. was C. will be D. would be
7. _________ do earthquakes usually last? - Less than one minute.
A. How strong B. How longC. How often D. How far
8. Niagara Falls is a great natural_________ on the border of the USA and Canada.
A. castle B. loch C. spectacle D. Symbol
9. The 2010 Haiti earthquake was the most___ natural disaster in the history of this country.
A. destructive B. permanent C. unique D. awesome
10. “A hurricane is heading toward our home town.” - “_________”
A. That’s a relied. B. How interesting! C. Glad to hear. D. Oh my God!
1. A heatwave can lead in widespread drought and increase the risk of wildfires.
A B C D
2. Homeless people may be offered temporary accomodation by the council.
A B C D
3. The Sydney Opera House is a symbolize for not only a City, but a whole country
and continent. A B C D
4. Noise pollution is thought having less damage to humans than water or air pollution.
A B C D
5. If people keep cutting down trees and they wipe out forests, there will be more floods.
A B C D
6. Have you come home before the tornado touched down this afternoon?
A B C D
7. The timetable shows that the next bus will leave in ten minutes.
A B C D
8. Since the volcano last erupted, many houses have built on its slopes.
A B C D
9. Despite of their usefulness, pesticides could pose potential risks to food safety.
A B C D
10. If people didn’t use cars, there will be much less pollution.
A B C D
1. Alex_________ (not do) the gardening before it started raining.
2. The amount of plastic in the ocean_________ (increase) if we_________ (not take)
action now.
3. Outdoor air pollution_________ (cause) more than 3 million deaths a year.
4. There_________ (be) more than 80,000 wildfires so far this year.
5. What would you do if you_________ (catch) in a hurricane’s path?
6. By the time Hurricane Gilbert_________ (hit) Mexico it_________ (change) characteristics.
7. Heavy rains_________ (lash) the coast of Orissa and Andhra Pradesh in 2013.
8. In the early morning hours, tornado warnings_________ (issue) for storms in Oklahoma.
9. Water pollution makes aquatic plants and animals_________ (die).
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10. Survivors said that many people managed_________ (escape), but they could not run
away fast enough.
1. A natural disaster can cause________________ of life or property damage. (lose)
2. Human greenhouse gas emissions are causing_______________ warming. (globe)
3. Kangaroos and koalas are only__________________ to Australia. (nation)
4. Hurricane Katrina was one of the_________ hurricanes ever to hit the United States. (dead)
5. Filters do not remove all________________ from water. (contaminate)
6. Freak tornado leaves trail of ________________in its wake. (destroy)
7. _________ appeal to the government to enact laws to stop factories from discharging toxic
Chemicals into the sea. (environment)
8. Toxic pollution is contaminated water, soil, and air that is_______________. (poison)
9. Pollution kills more people than both war and___________________. (violent)
10. English is the most widely______________ language worldwide, with 1.5 billion speakers.
(speak)
What is pollution? Stinky stuff? Muck? Poison? Yes, all those things... and more.
Some is obvious like smoke (1) _________ you can see but much of it is not obvious at all.
Yet you’re eating it and drinking it and breathing it most of the time. And what is worse is
that all this muck (2) _________ all other life on Earth. You can find pollution made by
people just about (3) _________ on the planet. Even (4) _________ places like the Arctic
are badly polluted by nasty Chemicals made by people. The polar bears and seals there have
poisonous Chemicals made by people in their bodies and (5) _________ do the Inuit people
who live with them. These nasty things kill many animals and make others sick - including
penguins (6) _________ the Antarctic. They also kill people and make them ill too. There’s
nowhere on the planet (7) _________ with no pollution; (8) _________ the bottom of the sea
or high up in the air.
1. A. what B. where C. when D. which
2. A. pollutes B. affects C. results D. attracts
3. A. everywhere B. nowhere C. wherever D. somewhere
4. A. remote B. quiet C. interesting D. crowded
5. A. either B. also C. neither D. so
6. A. of B. on C. in D. at
7. A. made B. left C. taken D. led
8. A. now that B. but for C. not even D. no ever
A magnitude-9.0 earthquake, also known as the Great East Japan Earthquake, struck in
the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of Japan’s Honshu island on March 11, 2011. It was
the most powerful earthquake ever to hit Japan and the fourth largest ever recorded in the
world. The earthquake triggered a massive tsunami that flooded more than 200 square miles
of Coastal land. Waves estimated to be as high as 38 meters, the height of a 12-story
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building, tore apart Coastal towns and villages, carrying ships inland as thousands of homes
were flattened, then washed tons of debris and vehicles back out to sea. Damage to the
reactors at TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant then caused a third disaster,
contaminating a wide area that still forces nearly 100,000 residents to live as evacuees.
Tsunami waves also swept across the Pacific, causing damage or disruptions in Hawaii,
California, Oregon, Washington and British Columbia.
Casualties from the earthquake and tsunami in Japan may be 30,000 and close to
500,000 people were forced to evacuate. More than 125,000 buildings have been washed
away or seriously damaged; property damage is estimated to be more than $310 billion.
A. Decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1. A magnitude-9.0 earthquake struck offshore of Japan on March 11, 2011.
2. This earthquake was the world’s largest recorded quake.
3. Tsunami waves caused by the earthquake smashed the coast, causing massive damage and
flooding.
4. As the waves retreated back to the sea, they carried ships with them.
5. The tsunami damaged the Fukushima Daiichi reactors, causing a nuclear disaster.
6. About 500,000 people within the nuclear evacuation zone were evacuated.
7. An estimated 30,000 people were killed by the 2011 earthquake and tsunami.
8. Property damage from the earthquake and tsunami is estimated over $310 billion.
1. Where did the earthquake strike?
____________________________________________________________________
2. What caused the tsunami?
____________________________________________________________________
3. What was the height of tsunami waves?
____________________________________________________________________
4. How many people were evacuated?
____________________________________________________________________
5. What regions were also affected by the tsunami?
____________________________________________________________________
XI. Write the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one.
1. Pollution affects the environment in many ways.
The environment_______________________________________________________
2. It’s impossible for us to predict when the earthquake will happen.
We__________________________________________________________________
3. Some farmers are overusing Chemicals in their crops.
Chemicals____________________________________________________________
4. Don’t leave the tap running while brushing your teeth, or you will waste water.
If you________________________________________________________________
5. Since the invention of special computers, the paths of hurricanes have been predicted.
Since special computers__________________________________________________
6. The weather is bad, so we can’t go hiking in the mountains.
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If the weather__________________________________________________________
7. What was the height of the waves in the Japan tsunami 2011?
How_________________________________________________________________
8. It’s my opinion that you should study English in the UK.
If____________________________________________________________________
9. Global warming will affect specific regions in different ways.
Specific regions________________________________________________________
10. It’s two years since the Hawaii volcano erupted.
The Hawaii volcano_____________________________________________________
UNIT 10: COMMUNICATION

A. PHONETICS
I. Complete the following words with –ity or -itive, then mark the stress in the words and
practice saying them. You can use a dictionary if neccessary.
defin________ national_______ univers_______ pos________
util________ add________ compet_______ secur________
dens_______ abil_______ curios________ possibil________
acquis________ real_______ trans_________ commun_______
connectiv______ repet_______ availabil_______ similar________
II. Mark the stress for the following words.
1. activity 2. primitive 3. authority 4. partitive
5. quality 6. inquisitive 7. opportunity 8. genitive
9. responsibility 10. insensitive 11. personality 12. infinitive
13. popularity 14. Interactive 15. majority 16. intransitive
17. facility 18. nutritive 19. minority 20. hypersensitive
non-verbal verbal flat cultural barrier
three-dimensional channel breakdown board network
1. He blamed the mistake on a communication___________ between two members of staff.

2. Moving abroad isn’t easy when there’s a language ___________.
3. Holography is a video-conference technology with___________ images.
4. _______ communication takes place through gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, etc.
5. The site included a bulletin___________ where visitors could post messages.
6. His car alarm had been going off for two days and, as a result, the battery was___________.
7. ___________communication include sounds, words, language, and speech.
8. Students studying abroad must face differences when living in a different country.
9. All Computer users are connected on a___________.
10. The newsletter is a useful___________ of communication between teachers and parents.
IV. Choose the best answers to complete the sentences.
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1. The Braille___________ enables blind and visually impaired people to read and write.
A. email B. note C. code D. report
2. ___________ is an Internet Dictionary that includes one of the largest collections of text
messaging, acronyms and smileys!
A. Signal B. Netlingo C. Symbol D. Emoji
3. ___________ occurs when two people look at each other’s eyes at the same time.
A. Eye contactB. Conversation C. Chatting D. Talking
4. ___________ communications include emails, texts, memos, letters, documents, reports,
newsletters, spreadsheets, etc.
A. Oral B. Visual C. Non-verbal D. Written
5. In the future, people will communicate brain-to-brain, using___________.
A. telepathy B. blog C. holography D. messager
6. A smile is the most frequent___________.
A. social media B. verbal language C. facial expression D. spoken language
7. ___________ are websites where users can freely type to communicate with one another in real time.
A. Message boards B. Chat rooms C. F2F meetings D. Video Conferences
8. It has been almost 30 years since the creation of___________, the Internet face emoticon.
A. painting B. code C. picture D. smiley
V. Underline the correct form.
1. Ella promises to share / sharing her blogs.
2. Johansen finished to speak / speaking and sat down.
3. CVTV agreed to integrate / integrating sign language into their daily news broadcast.
4. Do you want to learn / learning shorthand in 15 minutes?
5. George gave up to check / checking Facebook in school time.
6. After the break he went on to paint /painting the picture.
7. I don’t mind to study / studying, but it’s hard to get /getting started.
8. We plan to host / hosting a video conference but we do not have enough room.
9. I intended to leave / leaving a note on your desk.
10. When you go to a strange community, avoid to use / using too much eye contact.
VI. Complete the sentences with the bare-infinitive, to-infinitive or -ing form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Can you manage___________ (finish) ___________ (type) the documents by 4 o’clock?
2. Teens prefer_______(text) their friends rather than_________ (talk) to them in person.
3. You need___________ (learn) ___________ (manage) your time more effectively.
4. They refused________ (let) us___________ (check) in until we paid for excess luggage.
5. Emailing is popular, but most teens enjoy________ (chat) Online more than ______ (email).
6. He would rather___________ (make) a phone call than ________ (send) an email.
7. Where were you last night? I tried_____(call) you but couldn’t ______ (get) through
8. Young children nowadays spend more time______ (look) at screens than___________ (play) outside.
9. We stopped___________ (buy) some food, and then continued __________ (drive) along the Highway 6.
10. It’s difficult ___________ (read) this message. Do you mind___________ (help) me?
11. Our English teacher made us___________ (learn) fifty new words every week.
12. He decided ___________ (explain) the problem on the phone instead of ___________ (send) a letter.
13. Many people dislike___________ (use) the public transport system at night.
14. I can’t stand___________ (do) the washing-up. Could you help me___________ (do) it?
15. More and more people today are choosing___________ (not marry).
VII. Complete the sentences using the future continuous tense.
1. At 8 p. m tonight, we____________________ (perform) a new play. Don’t miss it!
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2. All tomorrow afternoon, I________ (work) on my project, so I won’t be able to meet you.
3. ___________ (your friend/ wait) at the station when you arrive?
4. Don’t phone her now; she___________ (attend) a video conference.
5. We____________________ (not use) landline phone in ten years’ time.
6. What___________________ (you/ do) early on Monday night?
7. I know you___________ (not sleep) at 12 p.m. You___________ (play) mobile games.
8. ___________ (they/ come) round for dinner tomorrow evening?
9. Next time Joe writes to you he___________ (live) in Australia.
10. This time next week, I___________ (not work). I___________ (start) my holiday!
VIII. Put the verbs in brackets in the future simple or future continuous.
1. Please don’t call me after 3 p.m. I___________ (have) a F2F meeting.
2. You are so late! Everybody___________ (work) when you arrive at the office.
3. I___________ (finish) my homework before I go out tonight.
4. “What the hell? I can’t read this message.” - “Don’t be so serious! I_______ (decode) it”.
5. The company___________ (hold) a video conference at 9:00 next Tuesday.
6. We___________ (call) you as soon as we arrive at the airport.
7. I wish I could visit you, but I___________ (manage) a very important project.
8. I suppose the weather___________ (be) better tomorrow.
9. “Can I borrow your car?” - “Sure, I___________ (not use) it until Friday.”
10. Promise me you___________ (not call) before 10; I hate being woken up early!
11. This time on Friday we. ___________ (take) a history exam.
12. ___________ (you/ go) to bed when I return?
13. You can’t meet me at the supermarket. I___________ (not shop) in the afternoon.
14. Do you think people___________ (communicate) by thought someday?
15. ___________ (everyone/ use) smart phones by the end of this century?
IX. Supply the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. Notice how the student responds______________ and through body language. (verbalize)
2. Email features___________ , whereas snail mail represents tradition. (modern)
3. A three-___________ object can be measured in three different directions. (dimension)
4. Message boards can be ____________________ teaching tools. (interact)
5. They have been together so long they have a______________ understanding. (telepathy)
6. ___________ communication is often described as ‘body language’. (verbal)
7. There are many cultural___________ between Vietnam and the us. (differ)
8. Waving his hand to me, he___________ me to come join him. (sign)
9. A_______ language is a language produced by sounds, as opposed to a written language. (speak)
10. By paying attention to your storytelling and body language, you can become a more
effective_____________________. (communicate)
X. Fill in each gap with an appropriate preposition or adverb.
1. We were waiting for ages, but she didn’t show___________ .
2. I tried to call her but couldn’t get___________ .
3. Have you finished talking___________ the phone?
4. By using video calls, you can talk and see all your friends___________ the same time.
5. They communicate___________ each other Via email.
6. She glanced___________ her watch for many times that morning.
7. They have been exchanged letters___________ a pen friend project 2013.
8. Teens prefer chatting with friends Online seeing them in person.
9. She was in the kitchen chatting___________ her best friend.
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10. We will see the film___________ Galaxy Nguyen Du.
D. READING
conferencing directly telepathy change
enough digital transmit smartphone
FUTURE COMMUNICATION
One way we might see communication (1)___________ in the future is through
augmented reality (AR). In an augmented-reality System, you view the world through a
technological overlay. This could take the form of a hand-held device like a (2)___________
- there are several augmented-reality applications already available for some phones. Another
possible application is through a set of augmented-reality glasses. In either case, you can
view the world around you and see real-time (3)___________ information about what you’re
viewing.
Then there’s video (4)___________ . While the technology has existed for years,
video calls aren’t popular. It might be because the hardware hasn’t been compelling or cost-
effective (5)___________ . But now webcams are starting to appear on televisions and are
Standard on many laptops. Are we about to enter an era of video conferencing? In the distant
future, we may be able to communicate by sending our thoughts through a network
(6)___________ into someone else’s brain. We’re decades away from such technology, but
scientists are working on creating brain-computer interfaces that allow people to
(7)___________ thoughts directly to a Computer. Perhaps 50 years from now we’ll all use an
electronic version of (8)___________ .
- augmented reality (n): (công nghệ) thực tế áo tăng cường - overlay (n): lớp phủ
II. Read the passage carefully, then do the tasks.

SIGN LANGUAGE.
Because deaf people cannot hear, they have special ways of communicating. For
example, they can learn to understand what someone is saying by looking at the mouth of the
speaker. This is called lipreading. Also, speaking is very difficult for the deaf, because they
cannot hear their own voices. However, it is possible with special training. According to
many deaf people all around the world, the most practical and popular way of
communicating is with sign language.
In many ways, sign language is similar to spoken language. The words of sign
language are made with signs, which are formed with movements of the hands, face, and
body. As with words, each sign has a different meaning and can be combined to form
sentences. Sign languages also have their own grammar. The alphabet of sign language is
special hand signs that stand for letters; they make spelling possible. The signs combine to
form a rich language that can express the same thoughts, feelings, and ideas as any spoken
▪ Page 47
language. And just as people from different countries speak different languages, most
countries have their own variety of sign language.
1. Deaf people have two main ways of communicating with others.
2. Deaf people often find lipreading difficult because they can’t speak.
3. Sign language is the most widely-used method of communication.
4. Deaf people use hand signs to spell letters of the alphabet.
5. Sign language has letters, but no words.
6. Thoughts, feelings, and ideas can be expressed through the combination of signs.
7. People in different countries use the same sign language.
1. How can deaf people communicate with others?
_______________________________________________________________
2. Why is speaking difficult for the deaf?
_______________________________________________________________
3. Is sign language similar to spoken language in every way?
_______________________________________________________________
4. How is sign language expressed?
_______________________________________________________________
5. What stands for letters in the alphabet of sign language?
_______________________________________________________________
6. Does sign language differ between countries?
_______________________________________________________________
E. WRITING
I. Reorder the words to make sentences.
1. used/ conferencing/ be/ special occasions/ for/ or/ video/ short conversations/ will.
_______________________________________________________________
2. very/ among/ has/ social media/ people/ popular/ become/ young.
_______________________________________________________________
3. by/ way/ is/ a/ communicate/ instantly/ thought/ telepathy/ to.
_______________________________________________________________
4. than/ text messages/ are/ ever/ sending/ before/ more/ teens.
_______________________________________________________________
5. by/ in/ communicating/ will/ telepathy/ people/ years/ be/ 30?
_______________________________________________________________
6. to/ someone/ is/ know/ often/ give/ a/ that/ something/ good/ we/ let/ “thumbs-up”.
_______________________________________________________________
7. allows/ chatting/ their/ watch/ Via/ webcam/ body language/ with/ you/ to/ friends.
_______________________________________________________________
8. changed/ way/ each other/ we/ has/ with/ communicate/ technology/ the/ dramatically.
_______________________________________________________________
9. cell/ face to face/ texting/ their/ prefer/ on/ to talking/ today/ teenagers/ phone.
_______________________________________________________________
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10. help/ of/ barrier/ with/ communicate/ the/ language/ spite/ can/ foreigners/ in/ gestures
_______________________________________________________________
II. Write the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one.
1. They will provide 5G in certain areas of the City, won’t they?
Will 5G________________________________________________________
2. Beck had difficulty in understanding her daughter’s text messages.
Beck found it
3. Video conferencing technology allows people in remote places to hold face-to-face
meetings.
Video conferencing technology lets__________________________________
4. The first time that I created an email account is still unforgettable.
I still remember__________________________________________________
5. Making a video call without the network is impossible.
It’s____________________________________________________________
6. Face-to-face communication is better than texting.
Texting isn’t____________________________________________________
7. Could you please confirm the date and time of the meeting?
Would you______________________________________________________
8. The teacher made me stay in after school and do extra work.
I______________________________________________________________
9. ‘Why don’t we give Jean a video call?’ Albert said.
Albert suggested_________________________________________________
10. My mother does her shopping at about this time every week.
This time next week my mother_____________________________________
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
TEST FOR UNIT 10
1. A. telepathy B. System C. cyberworld D. battery
2. A. cinema B. cultural C. conference D. communicate
3. A. watched B. glanced C. decided D. attached
4. A. mean B. reach C. leave D. break
5. A. device B. netiquette C. dimension D. tiny
II. Choose the word whose main stress pattern is placed ditterently.
1. A. battery B. cinema C. oversleep D. conference
2. A. telepathy B. communicate C. competitive D. disappearance
3. A. positive B. multimedia C. verbally D. netiquette
4. A. competitive B. possibility C. curiosity D. afternoon
5. A. electrical B. device C. Computer D. graphic
III. Complete each sentence with an appropriate word. The first letter is given.
1. I tried calling you several times but I couldn’t get t___________.
2. Most deaf people communicate in s___________ language.
3. A c___________ room is a site on the internet where people can exchange messages.
4. Body language is a type of a n___________ communication.
5. While travelling, I often use video chatting to keep in t___________ with my family.
6. Young people prefer to use mobile phones rather than 1___________phones.
7. The inability to communicate using a language is known as language b___________.
8. I couldn’t contact him by mobile phone because the network s_________ was so weak there.
▪ Page 49
9. N___________ is a set of rules for behaving properly online.
10. M___________ technology applies Computer elements, such as graphics, text, video, sound, to deliver a
message.
1. Many parents find it difficult to communicate___________ their teenage children.
A. of B. by C. through D. with
2. Communication has changed significantly___________ the last ten years.
A. in B. by C. for D. since
3. Ellen finally___________, apologizing for being late.
A. got through B. showed up C. went on D. took off
4. Letters were a common___________ of communication prior to the electronic age.
A. skill B. means C. channel D. System
5. They couldn’t communicate in___________, because William was illiterate.
A. body language B. sign language C. writing D. speaking
6. __________ allows you to hold meetings with colleagues who are located in different places.
A. Face-to-face meeting B. Message board
C. Multimedia technology D. Video conferencing
7. In a formal interview, it is essential to maintain good eye___________ with the interviewers.
A. contact B. link C. touch D. connection
8. ___________ texting abbreviations tend to be grammatically incorrect, they are very commonly used in
messages.
A. Because B. If C. Although D. While
9. The children are only allowed to watch television at weekends. Therefore, next Tuesday
at 8 p. m they___________ television.
A. will watch B. are watching C. will be watching D. won’t be watching
10. ‘I don’t know,’ Anna replied, ___________.
A. raising her fists C. tapping her fingers
C. shrugging her shoulders D. placing her hands on her hips
1. Sending an angry e-mail in Capital letters break the rules of netiquette.
A B C D
2. Almost deaf people who use sign language don’t view their deafness as a disability.
A B C D
3. Electronic mail is the popular method of communication these days because it’s fast,
A B
efficient, and expensive.
C D
4. Unable speaking a word of the language, he communicated with his hands.
A B C D
5. He decided to not apply for that job because he didn’t meet all the qualifications.
A B C D
6. While overseas, I use iMessage and FaceTime to keep on touch with family and friends.
A B C D
7. Most teenagers say they’d rather to talk to their friends Online than see them in person.
A B C D
8. Because social media networks, we are now able to interact with thousands of people
A B C
all over the world.
D
9. “TTYL” is common used to let someone know you will talk to them later.
A B C D
10. As communication and information travel faster and faster, the world seems to get smaller.
A B C D
1. Just a decade ago, cell phones___________ (primarily/ use) for calling people.
2. While I___________ (write) the email, the Computer suddenly went off.
3. I didn’t go to the movies with my friends as I___________ (see) the film already.
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4. You can visit me around 7 o’clock tomorrow evening. I___________ (not do)
anything important.
5. If ___________ (know) sign language, I’d be able to communicate with her.
6. In the future people ___________ (communicate) brain-to-brain using telepathy.
7. I wish my phone ___________ (have) a better camera so that I could take good pictures.
8. Could you meet me at the bus station? My bus___________ (arrive) at six.
9. We intend ___________ (go) to Australia next year to visit our daughter.
10. There’s no point ___________ (wait) for her to change her mind.

1. There has been communication___________ between my son and myself. (fail)
2. Don’t pay any___________ to what they say. (attend)
3. Being able to communicate___________ is the most important of all life skills. (effect)
4. All that___________ can be conveyed in a simple diagram. (inform)
5. _________with others online can be fun, as long as your teen knows how to stay safe. (chat)
6. Most schools nowadays encourage___________ teaching methods. (interact)
7. I was asked for the first and fifth___________ of my six-character password. (digital)
8. If you want to live a better life, make your life more___________. (mean)
9. Smiling and frowning are examples of facial___________. (express)
10. Video conferencing___________ people in various places to have a meeting. (able)
IX. Choose the word which best tits each gap.
NETIQUETTE TIPS
Netiquette is the etiquette of the Internet, simple rules for how you should act in
Cyberspace that keep things (1)________ and help everyone get along. Here’s some tips for
being a good Cyber Citizen and practicing good Netiquette.
1. Ask Before you post
Always ask (2)________ before posting about someone or sharing an email, photo, or
chat conversation, and make sure that does not contain any personal information.
2. Pay Attention to Format
Check for typos or other mistakes before you post or send a message. Use
(3)________ :-) and acronyms like LOL to get your message across in the right spirit.
(4)________ using ALL CAPS, it means you are shouting.
3. Be polite and respectful of others
Keep messages short, polite, and to the (5)________. Don’t spam people with multiple
messages or waste their time. Try not to use too (6)________ chat slang if you think other
person won’t understand it.
4. Be a Champion, not a Chump
Be helpful and courteous (7)________ others and don’t be a Cyber bully. If someone
is being rude to you, be the better person. Talk to a trusted adult, block them, or simply walk
away. If they are bullying someone else, don’t join in and make it (8)________. Be
supportive and positive and try to help the victim if you can.
1. A. important B. polite C. positive D. natural
2. A. permission B. question C. allowance D. advice
3. A. abbreviations B. expressions C. characters D. emoticons
4. A. Avoid B. Try C. Choose D. Cease
5. A. view B. letter C. point D. way
6. A. little B. lots of C. many D. much
7. A. for B. at C. to D. with
8. A. badly B. worse C. worst D. more badly
▪ Page 51
The very first, simple, text message was sent on December 3rd, 1992. It was sent by software
engineer Neil Papworth to his boss at the British mobile phone operator Vodafone. It read
simply, “Merry Christmas”. Little did they know that their simple mode of communication
would take the world by storm. SMS (Short Message Service) is today a multi-billion-dollar
industry covering every corner of the globe. An estimated nine trillion text messages are sent
globally each year. Everyone from presidents to schoolchildren to villagers in remote parts of
developing countries relies on it to communicate.
SMS is now an integral part of daily life for most of us. It is the preferred method of
communication between family members. One study showed that the average American
teenager sends up to 60 texts a day. However, SMS has also been blamed for a decline in
language ability and an increase in traffic accidents. A new sub-language has spread
worldwide as texters find shortcuts to write their messages as quickly as possible using the
fewest possible characters. Texting shorthand such as LOL (laugh out loud) and OMG (oh
my god) has even entered the Oxford English Dictionary.
A. Match the following synonyms from the article.
1. age a. faraway
2. mode b. held responsible
3. remote c. decrease
4. relies d. method
5. integral e. era
6. blamed f. depends
7. decline g. essential
B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. The first text message was sent to engineer Neil Papworth in 1992.
2. The first text message simply said “Merry Christmas”.
3. Today SMS is a widely used form of communication.
4. Around nine billion text messages are sent worldwide every year.
5. An average US teen supposedly sends more than 60 text messages a day.
6. People blame SMS for a decline in writing standards.
7. An abbreviated, shorthand language has been created by texters.
8. The texting acronym “LOL” is in the dictionary as “Lots of Love”.
C. Answer the questions.
1. On what day was the first text message sent?
_______________________________________________________________
2. Who was the first text message sent to?
_______________________________________________________________
3. How many words were there in the very first text message?
_______________________________________________________________
4. What does “SMS” mean?
_______________________________________________________________
5. What does everybody rely on SMS to do?
_______________________________________________________________
6. What two problems has texting been blamed for?
_______________________________________________________________
7. What did texters find to write messages more quickly?
_______________________________________________________________
8. What does “LOL” mean in a text?
_______________________________________________________________
XI. Make sentences from the cues given.
▪ Page 52
1. Millions of emails/ send/ every minute/ the day.
_______________________________________________________________
2. It/ important/ be/ polite and respectful/ when/ you/ Online.
_______________________________________________________________
3. Since its creation/ the Internet/ open up/ lots of/ new ways/ us/ communicate.
_______________________________________________________________
4. Most teenagers/ would rather/ Chat/ their friends/ Online/ see/ them/ in person.
_______________________________________________________________
5. How/ you/ think/ people/ communicate/ in the future?
_______________________________________________________________
6. Don’t phone/ me/ 9.30 a. m/ because/I/ have/ a/ video conference/ then.
_______________________________________________________________
7. If/ you/ have/ good/ non-verbal/ communication skills/ you/ be/ more successful/ meetings.
_______________________________________________________________
8. Last year/ he/ decide/ stop/ use/ Facebook/ personal communication/ family and friends.
_______________________________________________________________
UNIT 11: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

A. PHONETICS
I. Write the prefix im- or un-, then put the stress on each word.
______do ______employed ______possible ______practical
______ easy ______polite ______ patient ______acceptable
______limited ______movable ______mature ______decided
______expected ______proper ______moral ______natural
______balance ______important ______polluted ______healthy
II. Write the words from the box in the correct part of the table, according to the stress pattern.
unfriendly unreasonable uncomfortable immobile unhurt

impure impolite immaterial imperfect unpaid uncertain
improbable unafraid impersonal unnecessary unacceptable
impractical unavoidable untidy uninformed
1.oO
2.oOo
3.ooO
4.oOoo
5.oOooo
6.ooOoo
III. Fill in the gaps with the words in the box. Then read the sentences aloud.
impossible uninformed unavailable unable unavoidable
unforeseen impatient impolite untidy immature

1. I tried to speak to the professor, but he was__________.
2. There are now fears that war is__________.
3. Kevin is so__________. His room is always a mess.
4. He was angry to find that he had been__________.
▪ Page 53
5. The boys in my class are so__________- they’re always doing silly things.
6. It’s__________ to predict the weather around here.
7. I thought she was very__________. She kept interrupting me.
8. I’m sorry I was__________ to attend the meeting.
9. Don’t be so__________! The bus will be here soon.
10. Due to__________ circumstances, the play has been cancelled.
III. Add the suffix -er, -or or -ist to the words, then put them into the correct columns.
art contract translate guitar program journal act
psychology Science create advise speak design direct

pharmacy research invent marine invest develop
-er -ist -or
V. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.\
technology enormous benefits techniques exploring

incurable underground inventions patent progress
1. In 50 years, homes might be located______________________ or on water.

2. The Internet is one of the greatest______________________ in human history.
3. Scientists are______________________ the possibility of living on Mars.
4. New_____________________ has made it possible to communicate more easily.
5. Thomas Edison received a___________________ for his light bulb in January 1880.
6. Science-based technology has an________________ impact on the human environment.
7. We have made significant____________________ in the fight against HIV/AIDS.
8. Modern freezing_________________ enable the chickens to be stored for weeks.
9. Robots will bring______________________ to the manufacturing workforce.
10. Her cancer has been called_____________________ after it spread to her lungs.
VI. Choose the correct answer.
1. I__________ my friends for dinner after work tomorrow.
A. meet B. will meet C. am meeting D. will be meeting
2. Hurry up! The conference__________ in twenty minutes.
A. begins B. will be begun C. will begin D. will be beginning
3. In 30 years’ time we__________ in flying cars.
A. are travelling B. will be travelling
C. are going to travel D. will be travelled
4. __________ longer in the future thanks to medical tech?
A. Will people live B. Do people live
▪ Page 54
C. Will people be living D. Are people living
5. Let’s meet at ten o’clock tomorrow. - Sorry, I__________ at ten o’clock.
A. am working B. am going to work C. will work D. will be working
6. Good Lord! The engine has stopped. I hope the plane__________ down!
A. doesn’t go B. won’t go C. won’t be gone D. won’t be going
7. I’ll show them my photos when they__________ round for dinner tomorrow evening.
A. come B. comes C. are Corning D. will come
8. I’ll come over at 8 o’clock tonight. What__________ then?
A. will you do B. are you doing C. do you do D. will you be doing
9. I haven’t made any plans for Easter. I__________ at home.
A. am staying B. am going to stay
C. will probably stay D. will be staying
10. We__________ a picnic next weekend. Would you like to come?
A. have B. are going to have C. will have D. will be having
11. John wants to speak with you. -Please tell him that I__________ him as soon as I’m free.
A. will call B. am calling C. call D. am going to call
12. It__________ when we reach the mountains. Don’t forget to take your anorak jacket.
A. is snowing B. snows C. will snow D. will be snowing
13. There has been a change to schedule and your flight now__________ at 18.40.
A. takes off B. will take off C. is taking off D. will be taken off
14. We__________ a press conference about our new discovery on Tuesday.
A. hold B. will hold C. are holding D. will be holding
15. At this time tomorrow I__________ to Canada, so I won’t be able to call you.
A. am flying B. am going to fly C. will fly D. will be flying
VII. Rewrite these statements as reported speech with tense changes.
1. ‘I’m reading a Science book.”
She told me_________________________________________________________
2. “The 8.30 flight to Da Nang will be delayed for 2 hours.”
They announced that _________________________________________________
3. “We have applied a new production Chain.”
The CEO of Volkswagen said that_______________________________________
4. “The invention of light bulb is very important.”
My teacher said that__________________________________________________
5. “My engineers can assemble 5 car engines a week.”
The director said that_________________________________________________
6. “I hope you will build the airport with lowest cost.”
The Prime Minister told foreign investors that_____________________________
7. “We plan to make the City a safer place for everyone.”
The local MP said that________________________________________________
8. “My family lived in Boston for five years.”
Carol said that______________________________________________________
9. “We may cut down on fossil fuels.”
They said that_______________________________________________________
10. “James Watt invented the steam engine in 1769.”
Ms. Elena told us that_________________________________________________
VIII. Rewrite these statements as reported speech. Make all necessary changes.
1. “I can’t Chat because I am working now,” said John.
___________________________________________________________________
2. “My brother wrote this book last year,” David said to me.
▪ Page 55
___________________________________________________________________
3. Jane said to us, ‘Tm having dinner with Rachel tomorrow.”
___________________________________________________________________
4. “We’ve worked very hard today and it has paid off,” the students said.
___________________________________________________________________
5. “I’ll see you here next Friday,” Tom said to me.
___________________________________________________________________
6. “We’ll be writing to you later this week,” they said to Maria.
___________________________________________________________________
7. “I don’t know where Bill is living at the moment,” said Nicky.
___________________________________________________________________
8. “My parents left for London at 5p.m yesterday,” Susan said.
___________________________________________________________________
9. “I may see you next week before I leave,” Nick said to Sarah.
___________________________________________________________________
10. “I didn’t attend the meeting two days ago,” said Matt.
___________________________________________________________________
IX. Underline the best option.
1. She said she was seeing her brother the following day / the previous day.
2. Mike said he had had / would have an accident the day before.
3. She said she didn’t see / hadn’t seen them since the previous week.
4. I met Tom two days ago and he said he was going to London tomorrow / the next day.
5. Erica told me she won’t / wouldn’t be back until the following Thursday.
6. John said he had worked for that company the year before / the year after.
7. Sam told the police he didn’t know / hadn’t known what had happened.
8. Harry told us he is / was catching the first bus to New York the next day.
9. My mother told me that if I ate / had eaten too much, I would feel ill.
10. When I rang her this morning, she told me that she was busy today / that day.
X. Supply the correct form of the words in brackets.
1._____________________ is one of the compulsory subjects in high school. (chemist)
2. The moon landing launched a new era in space_________________. (explore)
3. New_________________ discoveries are made every day. (Science)
4. Technology is making our kids__________. Children have become less likely to play
outside. (active)
5. Everyday life is constantly improving thanks to the ideas of famous __________ past and
present. (invent)
6. Science and Technology have enormous effects on economic______________. (develop)
7. I don’t like this movie. Its dialogue sounds so________________. (nature)
8. Using computers has a _________________effect on children’s learning. (benefit)
9. Wildlife_____________________ are trying to save the whale from extinction. (conserve)
10. ________________ progress has been so rapid over the last few years. (technology)
XI. Fill in each blank with an appropriate preposition.
1. Science and technology are changing our lives__________ every field.
2. Some Chemicals have damaging effect__________ the environment.
3. Is technology the key__________ success in the 21st century?
4. Science and technology bring a lot of benefits__________ people.
5. Engineers need to be good__________ maths and Sciences.
6. Thomas Edison was responsible__________ more than one thousand inventions.
7. It’s almost impossible to keep up__________ the latest developments in computing.
8. Will humans live__________ Mars someday?
9. Global communication was transformed by the invention__________ the Internet.
10. Thomas Edison was born__________ 1847__________ Ohio, USA.
▪ Page 56
C. SPEAKING
1. ___________________________________________________________________
Robots won’t replace teachers because they can’t inspire students to do their best.
2. ___________________________________________________________________
A flying car can fly at a speed of 120 mph.
3. ___________________________________________________________________
All students will be having their own computers at school by 2030.
4. ___________________________________________________________________
In the future, we will be able to live on the other planets.
5. ___________________________________________________________________
Science and technology are the keys to development in many fields.
6. ___________________________________________________________________
An average person now lives about 70 years.
7. ___________________________________________________________________
Scientists are exploring the possibility of living on Mars.
8. ___________________________________________________________________
New industrial robots cost from $50,000 to $80,000.
9. ___________________________________________________________________
The first industrial robot was invented by Dr. Engelberger.
10. __________________________________________________________________
Edison made the first public demonstration of his light bulb on December 31,1879.
D. READING
while through vision network
communicate invented accessible much
The Internet is a huge (1) __________ of computers all connected together, but it was
the world wide web that made the technology into something that linked information
together and made it (2) __________ to everyone.
The world wide web was (3) __________ by Sir Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 – originally
he was trying to find a new way for scientists to easily share the data from their experiments.
Berners-Lee created the world wide web (4) __________ he was working at CERN,
Switzerland. His (5) __________ soon went beyond a network for scientists to share
information, in that he wanted it to be a universal and free ‘information space’ to share
knowledge, to (6) __________, and to collaborate.
The world wide web opened up the Internet to everyone, not just scientists. It
connected the world in a way that made it (7) __________ easier for people to get
information, share, and communicate. It has since allowed people to share their work and
thoughts (8) __________ social networking sites, blogs, video sharing, and more.
II. Read the text carefully, then do the tasks.

FUTURE OF TECHNOLOGY
Technology is growing by leaps and bounds. Proper use of technology holds a bright
future for us. So, how can technology shape up the future in a better way? Let’s take a look!
Clean Energy
▪ Page 57
Global energy consumption is increasing and we will face a shortage of fossil fuels in
the Corning decades. However, technology is helping us deal with this problem by
developing clean energy. Development in the field of solar power technology has drastically
reduced the cost of solar cells. Generation of electricity through wind turbines has also
grown rapidly in the recent years. So, in the near future, technology can help us do away with
dependence on fossil fuels and embrace clean and green energy Solutions.
Virtual Reality (VR)
Remember Pokemon Go? Well, that was one of the earliest examples of Virtual
reality. Tech giants like Google, Facebook, and Nokia are spending a huge amount of money
to make VR experience better for the customers. However, with time and further
developments, VR can be used for communication through holograms, for interacting with 3-
D objects and other useful and educational purposes.
Flying cars
This sounds straight out of a movie, but flying cars might soon be mainstream.
Amazon has already started delivering goods with the help of its drones, and Google is
working on building its own powerful drones. A couple of start-ups are also working on
building flying cars. A flying car for all intents and purposes is a drone that is capable of
carrying people. There are already a handful of flying vehicle prototypes: Terrafugia has TF-
X; Pal-V has the Pal-V1; I-TEC has the Maverick LSA “Flying Car”; and lastly AeroMobil
s.r.o. has the AeroMobil 3.0.
These are just a few of the amazing technologies that we will have in the corning
years. And what’s next? Teleporting? Anything is possible!
A. Match the words or phrases with their meanings.
1. by leaps and bounds a. completely accept
2. do away with b. considered normal and used by most people
3. embrace c. a company that is just beginning to operate
4. hologram d. very quickly
5. mainstream e. an aircraft without a pilot, controlled from the ground
6. drone f. the first model of something new
7. start-up g. a three-dimensional image
8. prototype h. put an end to

1. According to the passage, technology can help .
A. create an energy shortage B. reduce energy consumption
C. end our dependence on fossil fuels D. stop using clean energy
2. In the future, Virtual reality can be used for .
A. interacting with 3-D objects B. teaching and learning
C. holographic communication D. all of the above
3. Which statement is true about flying cars?
A. They are just Science Fiction. B. They are presently at the prototype stage.
C. They are produced in large quantities. D. They will be launched in the coming year.
4. In the sentence “There are already a handful of flying vehicle prototypes...”, what
does “a handful of” mean?
A. a large number of B. a small number of
C. a great deal of D. an amount of
5. The flying car TF-X has been developed by .
A. Terrafugia B. I-TEC C. AeroMobil D. Pal-V
6. Which of the following statement is NOT true?
A. Virtual reality technology is now used in video gaming.
B. Solar power and wind are clean energy.
C. Amazon’s flying cars are being used for delivery.
▪ Page 58
D. Technology can bring us a bright future.
E. WRITING
1. can/ have/ so that/ the future/ we/ flying / will/ we/ faster and futher/ In/ travel/ cars.
___________________________________________________________________
2. self-driving/ be/ Experts/ said/ 2025/ that/ on/ cars/ would/ the road/ in.
___________________________________________________________________
3. in/ be/ chores/ a/ handled/ by/ Will/ household/ robot/ the near future?
___________________________________________________________________
4. will/ help/ people/ Anti-ageing/ live/ to/ longer/ pills/ be/ invented.
___________________________________________________________________
5. the way/ we/ impressive/ Modern technology/ communicate/ an/ has/ influence/ had/ on.
___________________________________________________________________
6. easy/ but/ has/ Technology/ has/ made/ it/ lazy/ made/ life/ us.
___________________________________________________________________
7. ever/ on/ planet/ you/ another/ of/ dreamed/ living/ Have?
___________________________________________________________________
8. that/ be/ humans/ Mars/ living/ Scientists/ predict/ could/ on/ 50/ 100/ years/ in/ to.
___________________________________________________________________
1. “There were no cell phones a long time ago!”
My grandmother said________________________________________________
2. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
The telephone______________________________________________________
3. Tablets aren’t as convenient as smartphones.
Smartphones are much_______________________________________________
4. “I can’t come in today, because Tm sick.”
Two days ago, Tom phoned me and said_________________________________
5. How long have you been working on this project?
When_____________________________________________________________
6. In spite of the freezing weather, we had a great holiday in Canada.
Even though_______________________________________________________
7. We found the exhibits shown in the Future World Exhibition very amazing.
We were__________________________________________________________
8. Maya told Sara that she had just talked to a robot in the exhibition.
Maya said to Sara, “_________________________________________________”
9. It’s a shame I’m not able to come to your party on Saturday.
I wish_____________________________________________________________
10. Paula can’t wait to hear the band’s new album.
Paula is really looking________________________________________________
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
TEST FOR UNIT 11
1. A. invent B. chemist C. patent D. technology
2. A. science B. scared C. Scottish D. screen
3. A. explore B. exchange C. experiment D. existence
4. A. inventors B. benefits C. panels D. homes
5. A. nuclear B. future C. bulb D. mute
▪ Page 59
1. A. automation B. development C. experiment D. technology
2. A. impolite B. scientific C. technology D. economic
3. A. spaceship B. benefit C. technical D. reality
4. A. technique B. incurable C. programmer D. explorer
5. A. unemployment B. laboratory C. engineer D. conservationist
III. Fill in each blank with a suitable word.
1. My dad told me that only robots__________ work in factories in the future.
2. Chester Greenwood was an American__________ who invented the earmuffs.
3. Modern technology has brought many benefits__________ society.
4. A__________ car is a type of personal air vehicle or roadable aircraft.
5. Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human being to travel into .
6. We’re going to Mars to__________ out if there is life there.
7. The first working__________ engine was invented by James Watt.
8. While still a small child, John was very fond__________ creating new things.
9. A scientist__________ studies chemistry is a chemist.
10. Future home will take advantages of robots to do__________ such as cleaning, cooking and washing.
1. Science and technology are the keys__________ economic and social development.
A. for B. to C. in D. of
2. It is predicted that 10 million self-driving cars will be on the road__________ 2020.
A. until B. from C. since D. by
3. John J. Stone-Parker came_________ the idea of creating a star-shaped device when he was 4 years old.
A. up with B. down on C. across with D. away from
4. If you don’t__________ your invention, other people may well take advantage of it.
A. discover B. explore C. patent D. develop
5. Vivian said that she__________ Jim at the supermarket the previous day.
A. was meeting B. had met C. would meetD. was going to meet
6. __________ create the applications or Systems that run on a Computer.
A. Computer manufacturers B. Software developers
C. Archeologists D. Conservationists
7. When I called them yesterday, they told me that they were going to the movies__________.
A. now B. tonight C. that night D. the next day
8. Technological advancements have turned AI and robotics from science fiction to__________.
A. reality B. benefit C. quality D. discovery
9. We’ll have flying cars in the future, __________ we can travel much faster and further.
A. although B. since C. in order that D. so that
10. “Modern technology saves us lots of time.” - “__________”
A. I think it’s all right! B. OK. That’s all.
C. I can’t agree with you more! D. Not completely all.
1. Bell is best known for his inventor of the telephone, for which he received his first patent in 1876.
A B C D
2. Voyager 2 is a spacecraft which has expanded us knowledge of the solar System.
A B C D
3. As just about everyone are taught, Thomas Edison invented the light-bulb.
A B C D
4. She promised me two days ago that she won’t tell him about that.
A B C D
5. I disagree to the idea that robots will only bring benefits to people in the future.
A B C D
6. Don’t come round before midday because I will be clean the house until then.
A B C D
7. While the smartphone revolution has made our lives easily, it has also made us lazy.
A B C D
8. Scientists said they would explore a possibility of living on Mars.

▪ Page 60
A B C D
9. Technology is considered as a key factor for development economic.
A B C D
10. She told to me that her parents were arriving the following day.
A B C D
1. Information technology__________ (change) over the past years due to user expectations.
2. __________ (you/ still plant) the trees if I join you at 3.30 this evening?
3. If we__________ (have) flying vehicles now, we could solve the problem of traffic jams.
4. John J. Stone-Parker__________ (patent) his invention when he was 4 years old.
5. The Computer mouse__________ (invent) by Douglas Engelbart in 1964.
6. They said that they__________ (not be) to the art gallery for a long time.
7. I strongly believe there__________ (be) huge changes in the way we live in 10 years’ time.
8. The planet Mars__________ (explore) remotely by spacecraft since the late20th century.
9. The teacher told us that we________ (may) choose any subject that we ______ (like) best.
10. When I called Jane at 4 o’clock yesterday evening, she said she__________ (work) then.
11. My brother is very creative. He is fond of__________ (write) poems and stories.
12. He planned__________ (turn out) minor inventions every ten days.
1. He started a new job as a computer__________ after completing his course. (technique)
2. GPS (Global Positioning System) is one of the greatest__________ of the 21st century.
(invent)
3. They were unable to run the telephone network__________. (economic)
4. Over two decades ago, the idea of a flying car seemed__________, but now flying cars are
becoming a reality. (realistic)
6. TheMichael Faraday _________showed that there is no electric field within a conductor.
(physics)
7. ___________________cars are another example of AI and robotics. (drive)
7. Scientists will explore the______________________ of living on Mars. (possible)
8. Scientists believe that__________ diseases, such as AIDS and Alzheimer’s will be cured
soon. (cure)
9. Quantum teleportation is one of the 10 scientific__________ of the 21st century.
(discover)
10. The evolution of technology is__________ to humans for several reasons. (benefit)
COULD THE PUTURISTIC TRAVELING TUBE
BECOME A REALITY?
Can you imagine traveling in a tiny pod, inside a tube that can quickly shoot people to
(1) __________ they want to go? It sounds like something out of a silly cartoon or a movie
about the future. But this futuristic tube may soon become (2) __________. And it could be a
faster, easier, and cheaper way to travel than anything we know now.
Elon Musk is a very wealthy South African-American (3) __________. In the past, he
has worked on private space flight and electric cars. Recently, Musk has been planning this
▪ Page 61
futuristic traveling tube, called the Hyperloop. Musk said that he (4) __________ up with the
idea for the Hyperloop whAe thinking about the train that takes people between Eos Angeles
and San Francisco. That train is known for being one of the slowest trains in the country. But
the Hyperloop would be (5) __________ faster. In fact, it could go about twice as fast as an
airplane and three or four times as fast as the fastest train in the world.
People using the Hyperloop would shoot (6) __________ in pods, which are each just
over six-and-a-half feet across. The pods would travel through tubes that are (7) __________
above ground or under water. The Hyperloop could even run all day and night, and it could
let people travel on their own schedule. People could (8) __________ at the Hyperloop
station.
1. A. wherever B. whenever C. whatever D. however
2. A. really B. real C. reality D. unrealistic
3. A. explorer B. browser C. inventor D. owner
4. A. got B. came C. caught D. turned
5. A. more B. nearly C. very D. much
6. A. around B. across C. out D. down
7. A. both B. only C. neither D. either
8. A. get off B. take over C. show up D. turn back
SMARTPHONE REVOLUTION
It was just over a decade ago when cell phones were primarily used for calling and sending texts.
Today, the uses of cell phones run the gamut. Phones do everything from taking high-resolution pictures to
watching pixel-perfect videos, browsing the Internet to playing graphic-intensive games to monitoring your
movements in addition to fulfilling basic communication needs.
The advent of smartphones has greatly simplified our lives. People now connect with their loved
ones more frequently and easily through video calls and instant messaging Services. Tasks, like creating
slides, reading emails, and creating documents don’t require a PC anymore. Brieflỵ, smartphone and apps
have changed the way we work, communicate and play.
While the smartphone revolution has made our lives easy, it has also made us lazy. Today, the whole
world is at our fingertips, and thus we don’t have to work or move around like we did previously to get
things done. Our inactive lifestyle and lack of physical activities can be partly attributed to the over-
dependence on smartphones. This is especially true for the younger generation, who are constantly glued to
their cell phones. Cell phone addiction is having a negative impact on our lives. Care needs to be taken to
deal with this issue in an effective way.
1. In the past, mobile phones were used only for communication among people.
2. Modern cell phones are capable of much more than just making phone calls.
3. Smartphones make Communications with people quite easier.
4. Smartphone users, however, can’t send and recieve emails on their phones.
5. Despite all the positive benefits of smartphones, there are also negative side effects.
6. Today we don’t have to go to work because we have the whole world at our fingertips.
7. Only young people are now addicted to their mobile phones.
▪ Page 62
1. What were cell phones mainly used for?
___________________________________________________________________
2. Are modern cell phones capable of internet access?
___________________________________________________________________
3. How has the smartphone revolution changed our lives?
___________________________________________________________________
4. Do smartphones make us lazy and inactive?
___________________________________________________________________
5. How often do teenagers look at their cell phones?
___________________________________________________________________
6. Is smartphone overuse good or bad for us?
___________________________________________________________________
XI. Write the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one. Use the words given.
1. Because of the bad weather, the plane couldn’t touch down. (IMPOSSIPLE)
Bad weather made it__________________________________________________
2. My brother likes Science fiction books very much. (FOND)
My brother_________________________________________________________
3. ‘I’ve already see the New-Tech Exhibition.” (SAID)
Peter______________________________________________________________
4. “The plane will be leaving in thirty-five minutes.” (ANNOUNCED)
They______________________________________________________________
5. A robot will easily handled all household chores in the near future. (BE)
All household chores_________________________________________________
6. Thomas Edison established his first laboratory facility in 1876. (UP)
Thomas Edison______________________________________________________
7. “What about going to the Science and Technology Fair?” Mark said to me. (SHOULD)
Mark______________________________________________________________
8. Don’t waste time persuading him to go with us. (WORTH)
It’s________________________________________________________________
9. Why has no One thought of a way to make aircraft quieter? (COME)
Why______________________________________________________________
10. We arrived at the cinema, but the film had finished. (TIME)
By________________________________________________________________
UNIT 12: LIFE ON OTHER PLANETS
A. PHONETICS
I. Add ful or less to these words to make an adjective (some words can use either suffix). Then mark the stressed
syllables.
1. sound _____________ 11. wonder _____________
2. harm _____________ 12. weight _____________
3. hope _____________ 13. speech _____________
4. thought _____________ 14. power _____________
5. help _____________ 15. breath _____________
6. colour _____________ 16. peace _____________
7. water _____________ 17. home _____________
8. forget _____________ 18. beauty _____________
9. care _____________ 19. success _____________
10. delight _____________ 20. emotion _____________
II. Complete the sentences with the words in the box. Then read the sentences aloud.
useless thoughtful flightless meaningful purposeful
tearless truthful wonderful homeless careless

▪ Page 63
1. The data isn’t very___________ to anyone but a scientist.
2. Daisy is absolutely___________! She isn’t afraid of anyone or anything.
3. Looking at the Earth from outer space is___________, especially at night.
4. One of the___________ birds we studied is the ostrich.
5. My score was low because I made some___________ mistakes.
6. What a lovely present! That was very___________ of you.
7. Mom and Dad taught us that it is important to be.
8. They are going to build temporary accommodation for the___________.
9. You must remember to recharge your phone. Without its battery, it’s___________.
10. He desired to lead a more___________ life.
II. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in the box.
galaxy planet flying saucer solar system astronaut
outer space space buggy weightless aliens traces
1. A___________ is sometimes referred to as an Unidentified Flying Object (UFO).

2. An___________ is a person who is trained for travelling in a spacecraft.
3. Researchers made the amazing findings of___________of water on Mars.
4. A___________ is a vehicle used for driving on the moon.
5. Our___________ is made up of the sun and all the objects that travel around it.
6. Earth is the only known to be habitable to___________ life.
7. Do you believe___________ exist on other planets?
8. Spacecraft are vehicles used for travel in___________.
9. Our___________, the Milky Way, consists of 100 - 400 billion stars.
10. Astronauts on the orbiting space station are___________ because they do not experience
a force of gravity.
III. Choose the best answers to complete the sentences.
1. ___________ is the name of a planet that matches the Roman God of the sea.
A. Mars B. Sun C. Venus D. Neptune
2. Discovered in the Kuiper belt beyond Neptune, ___________ is a dwarf planet.
A. Jupiter B. Pluto C. Saturn D. Mercury
3. Unidentified Flying Objects or “___________” haven’t been formally recognized.
A. UFOs B. spaceships C. space shuttles D. spacecraft
4. Some people believe the___________ was created by a big explosion.
A. galaxy B. atmosphere C. universe D. outer space
5. ___________ is named after the Roman God of war.
A. Uranus B. Jupiter C. Mars D. Venus
6. A (n) ___________is a scientist who studies the stars and planets.
A. captain B. alien C. astronaut D. astronomer
7. Astronauts___________ around in space because there is no gravity in space.
A. fly B. float C. walk D. trace
8. In a weightless environment, everything floats___________.
A. uncontrollably B. downwards C. smoothly D. constantly
▪ Page 64
9. On June 2, 1966, Surveyor 1 becomes the first U.S.___________ to land on the moon.
A. flying saucer B. airplane C. spacecraft D. helicopter
10. Mars is the most___________ planet in our Solar System besides Earth.
A. powerful B. notable C. appropriate D. habitable
V. Underline the correct answers.
1. Levy asked me what / why the future life looked like.
2. Mr. Brown asked me if / how I had ever visited NASA.
3. Dr. Memphis asked me where humans could / may live besides Earth.
4. Stoner asked me if Voyager 2 had passed / has passed Saturn.
5. Davy asked me what the aliens will / would be doing when he might saw them.
6. Christina asked me where / if scientists had responded to the signs from outer space.
7. Norman asked me when / whether Mercury had been discovered.
8. Jacob asked me how much I knew / had known about the Red Planet.
9. Richard asked his teacher whether / why there was life on other planets.
10. Roy asked me if I was meeting / had met Val the previous day.
VI. Complete the reported yes/ no questions.
1. ‘May I ask you a few questions?’
The woman asked John_______________________________________________
2. ‘Have you done your project about space exploration?’
The teacher asked me________________________________________________
3. ‘Will we be able to live on Mars in 2050?’
Debbie asked her father_______________________________________________
4. ‘Are you having a barbecue tonight?’
I asked the Browns___________________________________________________
5. ‘Do you like sci-fi films that feature extraterrestrial life?’
Jane asked Tom_____________________________________________________
6. ‘Did scientists find life on Mars many years ago?’
Val asked me_______________________________________________________
7. ‘Are aliens or UFOs real?’
Many people wondered_______________________________________________
8. ‘Can we go to the National Museum tomorrow?’
Sally asked her best friend_____________________________________________
9. ‘Do you know NASA has found two new planets?’
Duc asked Trang_____________________________________________________
10. ‘Were you here yesterday?’
She wanted to know__________________________________________________
VII. Complete the reported wh- questions.
1. ‘Where will we live in 20 years’ time?’
Jane asked me_______________________________________________________
2. ‘How was your trip to Toronto?’
I asked Peter_________________________________________________________
3. ‘Why didn’t Judy wait for fireballs last night?’
Sue asked___________________________________________________________
4. ‘How many planets are there in the solar System?’
The teacher asked us___________________________________________________
5. ‘How many days does it take to get to Mars from Earth?’
▪ Page 65
Elliot wanted to know__________________________________________________
6. ‘What are you staring at?’
I asked Sally_________________________________________________________
7. ‘Who discovered the planet Neptune?’
Joe asked his teacher__________________________________________________
8. ‘How long have you been living on the International Space Station?’
He asked the astronaut_________________________________________________
9. ‘When will humans go to Venus?’
The students wanted to know____________________________________________
10. ‘Where are you going this summer holidays?’
I asked Sally and Andy_________________________________________________
VIII. Rewrite each sentence as reported speech with tense and time and place
expression changes.
1. ‘I was here three months ago,’ Tim said.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. ‘When does the next train leave?’ He wanted to know.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. ‘Are you meeting Judy at four o’clock today?’ She asked me.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. I’ve already seen this exhibition,’ Jane told me.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. ‘Who did you meet at the party last night?’ My mother asked.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. ‘We are having dinner now, so I can only talk for a minute,’ Miki said.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. ‘May I use your phone?’ I asked Peter.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. ‘Public spending will be increased next year/ the Prime Minister announced.
_____________________________________________________________________
9. ‘My father drinks a cup of coffee every morning before going to work.’ Peter said.
_____________________________________________________________________
10. ‘How long have you lived here?’ Cheryl asked the old woman.
_____________________________________________________________________
IX. Choose the correct answers.
1. ‘There was an accident outside the supermarket.’
A. He said there had been an accident outside the supermarket.
B. He said there was an accident outside the supermarket.
C. He said there has been an accident outside the supermarket.
2. ‘Have you ever seen a UFO?’
A. Jim wanted to know if had I ever seen a UFO.
B. Jim asked if I had ever seen a UFO.
▪ Page 66
C. Jim asked whether I ever saw a UFO.
3. She asked if you’d seen her painting on display in the exhibit.
A. ‘Will you see my painting on display in the exhibit?’
B. ‘Did you see my painting on display in the exhibit?’
C. ‘Have you seen her painting on display in the exhibit?’
4. I’m flying to India tomorrow.’
A. Yesterday, Matt said that he was flying to India tomorrow.
B. Yesterday, Matt told me that I was flying to India the next day.
C. Yesterday, Matt said that he was flying to India the following day.
5. ‘Why did you go out last night?’
A. She asked me why I had gone out the night before.
B. She asked me why did I go out the previous night.
C. She wanted to know why I went out that night.
6. My instructor said that we were the best class he’d ever taught.
A. ‘You are the best class I’ve ever taught,’ my instructor said.
B. ‘You were the best class I ever taught/ my instructor said to me.
C. ‘They are the best class he’s ever taught,’ said my instructor.
7. ‘Can you help me with my homework?’
A. Nick asked whether his sister can help him with his homework.
B. Nick asked his sister could she help him with his homework.
C. Nick asked his sister if she could help him with his homework.
8. Bill wanted to know when Susan was going out with Tony.
A. ‘When you are going out with Tony, Susan?’
B. ‘When was you going out with Tony, Susan?’
C. ‘When are you going out with Tony, Susan?’
9. ‘I will come if I can finish work early.’
A. He said that he will come if he can finish work early.
B. He told that he would come if he could finish work early.
C. He told me that he would come if he could finish work early.
10. ‘What is the closest planet to Earth?’
A. The student wondered if the closest planet to Earth is.
B. The student asked what the closest planet to Earth was.
C. The student asked what was the closest planet to Earth.
X. Supply the correct form of the words in brackets.

John Young, NASA most___________ astronaut, flown into space six times. (experience)
2. The high concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere makes it___________ to
humans. (poison)
3. __________________ have just discovered a giant, Jupiter-like planet. (astronomy)
4. The planet Mars has been____________________ remotely by spacecraft. (exploration)
▪ Page 67
5. Saturn’s moon Rhea may have a___________ atmosphere that is very similar to Earth’s.
(breathe)
6. The term UFO stands for “______________________ flying object”. (identify)
7. A_________________________ is a native inhabitant of the planet Mars. (Mars)
8. How can someone fight hunger, ____________________, and radiation on Mars? (lonely)
9. That film about aliens might___________ be classified a horror film. (appropriate)
10. What________________ could you propose for humans to live in a City on the moon?
(accommodate)
XI. Fill in each blank with an appropriate preposition.
1. The children were excited___________ Star Wars: The Last Jedi.
2. Yuri Gagarin was the first person to fly___________ space.
3. NASA scientists are looking___________ habitable planets.
4. Mercury is the closest planet___________ the Sun.
5. He saw aliens coming___________ of the UFO.
6. Venus is very similar___________ Earth in terms of size and surface gravity.
7. Mars is named___________ the Roman God of war.
8. If intelligent aliens exist, how could we communicate___________ them?
9. Humans will be living___________ Mars far sooner than most people think.
10. Neil Armstrong took the first steps on the moon’s surface___________ July 20, 1969.
D. READING
surface survive frozen universe explore missions down might
As we explore the (1) ___________, we naturally ask, “Is there life on other planets?”
In 1976, NASA’s twin Viking landers touched (2) ___________ on Mars in an attempt to
answer a weighty question: Is there life on the Red Planet? Since then, NASA and other
space agencies have sent many more (3) ___________ to Mars. However; the answer so far
is, “We don’t know, but we’ll keep searching.” All life on Earth needs liquid water to (4)
___________. Since spacecraft haven’t found any liquid water on Mars’ (5) ___________,
scientists think that there is no life there. But what about below the surface? Spacecraft have
discovered (6) ___________ water in Mars’ polar ice caps and in clouds of ice crystals. This
means that there (7) ___________ be liquid water below the surface where it’s warmer.
NASA plans to continue to (8) ___________ Mars every two years. In future missions, we’ll
explore below the surface and search for liquid water - and life!
II. Read the passage, then do the tasks
THE INNER PLANETS
Planets are large bodies that rotate around the sun. The inner planets, or terrestrial planets, are the
four planets closest to the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Even though these planets are all small
and rocky, they have more differences than they have things in common.
Because Mercury is the closest to the sun, the side that faces the sun gets as hot as 427° Celsius. At
the same time, the side that faces away from the sun is a freezing -173° Celsius. The extreme temperatures
alone make it a very unlikely place for life. With an atmosphere too thin for human breathing, it’s obvious
that people won’t be living on Mercury any time soon.
▪ Page 68
The next planet from the sun is Venus. Below clouds of sulfuric gas lies 96% carbon dioxide
atmosphere. That might be nice for a plant, since a plant “breathes” carbon dioxide, but not for a person. If
you managed to survive the atmosphere, the surface of the planet is hot enough to melt solid metal. Venus
has a temperature that is maintained at 462° Celsius, no matter where you go on the planet.
You are probably most familiar with Earth because it is your home planet. It has the perfect
conditions for life. Earth’s atmosphere and oceans help control the trickiest part of making a planet life-
friendly: temperature. Earth is the only planet known to have liquid water.
Mars is the fourth farthest from the sun. Some people think it may be possible for life to exist there.
Although scientists have not been able to find actual water on Mars, there seems to be evidence of water
erosion on its surface. Its canyons and mountains are very similar to those found on Earth. The main
difference is that there is no plant life. Some scientists believe that Mars may have been very much like
Earth until something happened that made the water supply evaporate.
A. Decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. The inner planets are located closest to the sun.
2. Mercury is the hottest planet because it’s the closest to the sun.
3. Venus has an atmosphere whose composition is similar to that of Earth.
4. The temperature on the surface of Venus is hot enough to melt lead.
5. Earth has a surface temperature that is uniquely friendly to life.
6. Scientists have proved that life once existed on Mars.
7. It seems that Mars once had liquid water on its surface.
8. Some scientists believe that Mars is very similar to the Earth.
1. What is another name for inner planets?
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Why can’t people live on Mercury?
_____________________________________________________________________
3. What is the atmosphere of Venus primarily composed of?
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Which planet is hotter, Mercury or Venus?
_____________________________________________________________________
5. Is Earth the only planet with water in liquid form on its surface?
_____________________________________________________________________
6. What land features of Mars are similar to Earth’s?
_____________________________________________________________________
E. WRITING
1. scientists/ Susan/ had found/ Mars/ her teacher/ if/ water/ asked/ on.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. too/ because/ it’s/ close/ there/ the sun/ might not/ life/ on Mercury/ to/ be.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. scientists/ we/ beyond Earth/ evidence/ say that/ life/ may/ for/ find/ within the next
decades.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. first/ Jenny/ wanted to know/ contact/ we/ with/ aliens/ how/ make/ would.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. three/ from/ Mercury/ farther/ times/ Earth/ is/ the sun/ than.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. in/ that/ the interviewer/ like/ a/ the UFO/ looked/ Nick/ big disc/ told/ the sky.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. is called/ surface/ Mars/ in/ the red planet/ because/ is covered/ red dust/ its.
▪ Page 69
_____________________________________________________________________
8. fastest/ of/ to/ the Sun/ the planets/ Mercury/ orbit/ is/ the/ all.
_____________________________________________________________________
9. other/ life/ on/ do/ planets/ you/ intelligent/ exists/ think?
_____________________________________________________________________
10. if/ me/ what/1/ asked/ would/ she/ do/1/ a UFO/ saw.
_____________________________________________________________________
II. Write the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one.
1. American scientists have drawn plans for an extension to the ISS.
Plans_____________________________________________________________
2. “Can NASA prove that there is life on a moon of Jupiter?”
He asked__________________________________________________________
3. The student wanted to know how long it took to get to red planet.
The student asked, “_________________________________________________”
4. Paul left the office before Sarah arrived there.
When Sarah________________________________________________________
5. The heavy snow made it impossible for the plane to take off on time.
The plane was prevented______________________________________________
6. “What time did you get home last night?”
My parents asked____________________________________________________
7. It’s possible that Lucy isn’t at home now.
Lucy might_________________________________________________________
8. NASA stopped sending humans to the moon in 1972.
NASA hasn’t________________________________________________________
9. “We are meeting Tony at 8 o’clock tonight.”
She said that_________________________________________________________
10. Sam told me that he was very tired then because he had been working hard for 12 hours.
Sam said to me, “_____________________________________________________”
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
TEST FOR UNIT 12

1. A. accommodate B. adventure C. alien D. appropriate
2. A. UFO B. Jupiter C. Neptune D. future
3. A. saucer B. crew C. Mercury D. accommodate
4. A. climate B. sighting C. might D. aliens
5. A. breathe B. earth C. sea D. meaningful
1. A. surface B. UFO C. alien D. weightless
2. A. temperature B. Jupiter C. Mercury D. adventure
3. A. atmosphere B. powerful C. condition D. astronaut
▪ Page 70
4. A. appropriate B. aeronautic C. astronomy D. inhabitant
5. A. similarly B. discovery C. accommodate D. unsuitable
II. Complete each sentence with a suitable word.
1. Trang asked___________ people would live on Mars in the next 20 years.
2. ___________ is named after the Roman God of the sea.
3. Earth is the only___________ in the solar System that has life.
4. Astronauts used moon___________ to travel on the surface of the moon.
5. NASA___________ for National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
6. Vostok 1 was the first___________ to carry a human, Yuri A. Gagarin, into space.
7. He wanted to know___________ humans couldn’t live on Mercury or Venus.
8. What___________ you do if we found aliens?
9. You won’t be able to breathe on the moon___________ oxygen tanks.
10. Asteroids, also known as “minor planets”, are numerous in the___________ space.

1. Mercury is the smallest and closest planet___________ the Sun.
A. from B. to C. toward D. of
2. There’s no water on Mars even though scientists have found traces___________ it.
A. on B. with C. for D. of
3. Neptune is so far from Earth, it is___________ to the naked eye.
A. invisible B. impossible C. disable D. unsuitable
4. Nick saw aliens corning out of the UFO, which___________ a big disc.
A. stood for B. consisted of C. looked like D. lived on
5. Could we modify Mars’___________ to make it more suitable for human life?
A. climate B. trace C. experience D. trek
6. When do you think the first human___________ walk on the surface of Mars?
A. must B. should C. would D. might
7. Have you ever wondered___________ it would be like to live on the moon?
A. whether B. what C. why D. that
8. Tim asked his teacher when the first space shuttle___________.
A. has been launched B. will be launched
C. had been launched D. was being launched
9. She wanted to know if I had met Judy at the station___________.
A. the day after B. the next day C. the following day D. the previous day
10. “I saw a UFO hovering above my back garden.” - “___________”
A. You said it! B. Very funny! C. You’re joking! D. Absolutely right!

1. When will humans be able to travel from one planet to other easily?
A B C D
2. In 2001, at least 15 people, include two police officers saw UFOs in New Jersey.
A B C D
3. He wanted to know why didn’t I believe there was intelligent life on other planets.
A B C D
4. Scientists believe that several billion years ago Mars was very similarity to Earth.
A B C D
5. Because it is too close to the sun, Mercury is hard to study from Earth.
A B C D
6. We asked our teacher whether the exam can be postponed until next Monday.
A B C D
7. The Romans named Venus of the Roman Goddess of love and beauty.
A B C D
8. Discovering in 2015 by NASA’s Kepler spacecraft, K2-18b is very unlike our home planet.
A B C D
9. Some people believe that UFOs are actual vehicles from other planets, flown by alien visitors. A
B C D
10. Many people are wondering where life exists on other planets and moons.
▪ Page 71
A B C D

1. In 1947 pilot Kenneth Arnold___________ (spot) nine shiny, unidentified flying objects flying past
Mount Rainier.
2. What___________ (happen) if aliens made contact with Earth?
3. He wanted to know how NASA___________ (communicate) with spacecraft.
4. Almost the same as Earth, a day on Mars___________ (have) 24 hours, 39 minutes and 35 seconds.
5. Nick said that he___________ (see) a UFO land in a grassy area the day before.
6. Captain Ray Bowyer gained clear views of two UFOs when he___________ (fly) in the English Channel.
7. So far, only two spacecraft___________ (fly) to Mercury to collect data.
8. Sue asked her teacher how long it___________ (take) to travel to Mars.
9. Neptune___________ (discover) on September 23, 1846.
10. NASA hope they___________ (be) able to send people to Mars by 2030.
VII. Supply the correct form of the words in brockets.

1. The Saturn V is the largest and the most___________ rocket ever made. (power)
2. The term UFO or___________ flying object refers to a suspected alien spacecraft. (identify)
3. Astronomer Clyde Tombaugh made the remarkable___________ of Pluto in 1930.
(discover)
4. Astronauts float around in the space shuttle because they are___________. (weight)
5. Mars is a focal point of modern space___________. (explore)
6. Titan’s atmosphere is___________, so if you were on Titan you would need a breathing mask. (breathe)
7. There are thousands of UFO___________ reported every year. (sight)
8. Mars is called the Red Planet because of its some___________ surface. (red)
9. Scientists discovered that Mars had some ___________to Earth. (similar)
10. The space shuttle span___________ when it hit space debris. (controllable)
IX. Choose the word which best fits each gap.

ARE THERE ANY ALIENS OUT THERE?
For years we Earthlings have wondered (1) ___________ we are alone in the universe
or we’ve got company in the shape of aliens. People have claimed to have met aliens, seen
UFOs and some people even say they’ve been abducted by extraterrestrials. But what do we
really know about them - if they (2) ___________ at all?
Ever since we realised there (3) ___________ be something out there
our imaginations have created thousands of bizarre creatures. But at the moment no one
knows what an alien might look like. Even if we do ever come (4)___________aliens in
space, most scientists agree they probably won’t look like little green men.
(5)___________aliens exists, experts reckon they’re probably very small and look something
like a bug.
Over the years thousands of people have been (6) ___________that we Earthlings
have been visited by aliens from other civilizations. But there’s one problem with this - the
number of aliens (7)___________discovered is zero. There are lots of photos and films of
apparent (8)___________but most have a logical explanation like aeroplanes and military
exercises. Or they’re hoaxes!
- extraterrestrial (n): sinh vật ngoài hành tinh - civilisation (n): nên văn minh
1. A. when B. where C. whether D. whereas
2. A. exist B. happen C. live D. survive
3. A. can B. must C. may D. might
▪ Page 72
4. A. over B. through C. across D. along
5. A. Although B. If C. Because D. Since
6. A. convinced B. satisfied C. affected D. consulted
7. A. absolutely B. mainly C. immediately D. actually
8. A. visions B. sightings C. signs D. signals
How many planets are there in our galaxy? That’s a tricky question to answer. Are there other planets
that support life? That’s exactly what the Kepler mission hopes to discover.
NASA launched the Kepler space telescope, designed to find habitable planets, in 2009. So far it has
discovered five new Earth-sized planets beyond our solar System. These planets are hotter than the Earth -
much too hot for life as we know it. The Kepler team predict that they will need at least three years to find
an Earth-like planet.
The simplest requirement for a planet to have life is for there to be liquid water so the distance from
the planet’s sun and therefore temperature are important. There also needs to be the correct amount of air. If
a planet is as small as Mars (half the size of Earth) its weak gravity means that it can’t hold on to air
molecules. If a planet is Neptune sized (four times bigger than Earth) it has very strong gravity and too much
air. So size matters too.
The cost of the mission is approximately six hundred million dollars. It is scheduled to observe until
2013 but this could be extended. Will we be sad if we discover we are alone in our galaxy or happy if we
find that we share it with other life forms?
A. Match the bold words or phrases in the text with their definitions.
1. with no other people
2. the force that attracts objects towards each other
3. difficult
4. suitable for people to live in
5. close to but not exactly
6. outside
7. not less than
1. What is the passage about?
A. Planets in our solar System
B. The difference between Earth and other planets
C. Space exploration to find habitable planets
D. NASA’s missions to explore the outer planets
2. The Kepler space telescope is looking for__________.
A. new planets in our galaxy B. life on other planets
C. liquid water on other planets D. Earth-sized planets in the solar System
3. Kepler has found five planets that__________.
A. has water and air B. are similar to Earth
C. are not too far away from the Earth D. are not in our solar System
4. The Kepler team predict that they will need__________ to find an Earth-like planet.
A. three years and possibly longer B. as much as three years
C. no more than three years D. approximately three years
5. What are the primary factors that make a planet habitable?
A. Liquid water and living things B. Size and distance from the Sun
C. Hot temperature and weak gravity D. Strong gravity and too much air
6. How much does the Kepler mission cost?
A. Exactly $600 million B. About $600 million
C. More than $600 million D. Less than $600 million
7. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. The planet can support life if it has water and air.
B. A very small planet will not have enough air.
C. Earth is four times as big as Neptune.
D. Kepler mission is scheduled to end in 2013.
XI. Change the following sentences into indirect speech or vice versa.
▪ Page 73
1. Candy asked me if I had ever read an astronomy book.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. ‘I’ll let you know if I have any more problems,” Carol told her father.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. The professor told us that the Moon was more than 380,000 km from the Earth.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. “When did the Kepler mission end?” Mark wanted to know.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. Daniel asked me if I was going to see lunar eclipse the following day.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. The customers said that they had been waiting for more than two hours.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. “Can you help me with this tricky math question?” Tim asked his sister.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. “NASA is sending a helicopter to Mars next year NASA’s administrator said.
_____________________________________________________________________
9. They wondered where on Mars humans might first land.
_____________________________________________________________________
10. Gwen asked if the spaceship Voyager had flown past Pluto three weeks before.
_____________________________________________________________________
TEST YOURSELF 4
1. A. USA B. useful C. UFO D. unidentified
2. A. lifestyle B. reality C. galaxy D. system
3. A. breakdown B. space C. alien D. measure
4. A. though B. thoughtful C. robot D. hopeful
5. A. wireless B. witness C. powerless D. weightless
II. Choose the word that has different stress pattern.
1. A. connection B. internet C. inventor D. technique
2. A. positive B. meaningful C. enormous D. benefit
3. A. possibility B. impossible C. unidentified D. technological
4. A. telepathy B. experienced C. unfortunate D. scientific
5. A. interact B. astronaut C. terrorist D. poisonous
III. Complete the sentence with an appropriate word. The first letter is given.
1. N__________ communication is communication that does not involve words.
2. Will we be travelling in f__________ cars in twenty years?
3. Tim Berners-Lee is best known as the i__________ of the World Wide Web.
4. Some of the most popular s__________ media websites include Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, Twitter,
and Snapchat.
5. Voyager 2 is still the only s__________ to visit Neptune and Uranus.
6. Jupiter is by far the largest p__________ in our solar System.
7. The planet Mars was first e__________ in the 1970s.
8. My phone b__________ was dead, so I couldn’t call anybody.
9. In the near future many i__________ diseases, such as AIDS and cancer, will be cured.
10. The planets in our solar System are divided into two groups - the inner planets and the o__________
planets.
▪ Page 74
1. NASA has sent 11 orbiters and 8 landers to Mars__________1994.
A. since B. in C. from D. until
2. While still a small child, John was very fond__________ creating new things.
A. with B. at C. of D. for
3. Text messaging, or texting, is a fast and efficient way to__________ information.
A. make B. collect C. receive D. exchange
4. One day, we’ll be able to send thoughts to each other directly using__________ technology.
A. video conference B. social media C. telepathy D. holography
5. Italian__________ Galileo Galilei was the first person to look at the Moon through a telescope.
A. astronomer B. astronaut C. archeologist D. explorer
6. James Watt thought that his steam engine__________ animal power.
A. will replace B. would replace C. was replaced D. have replaced
7. __________ its proximity to the Sun, Mercury is not the hottest planet in our solar System.
A. Due to B. Since C. Even though D. Despite
8. Young people__________ text their friends instead of speaking to them in person.
A. prefer B. enjoy C. would rather D. would like
9. Scientists wonder__________ extraterrestrials have ever visited Earth.
A. that B. if C. what D. where
10. “I believe that somewhere out in the universe, there are other forms of life.” “__________”
A. Why not? B. Absolutely not! C. Me neither. D. So do I.
1. Scientists said that we may find evidence for life beyond Earth within the next decades.
A B C D
2. Kepler-186f was the first Earth-sized planet discovery in the habitable zone.
A B C D
3. The Earth is much closest to the Sun than it is to Jupiter.
A B C D
4. Today’s teenagers use technology to stay in touch to friends at all times.
A B C D
5. Andrew reported that he saw an UFO silently flying through the sky.
A B C D
6. People who are deaf or impaired hearing often communicate in sign language.
A B C D
7. A recent study found that 50% of teens feel that they are addicted on their devices.
A B C D
8. Scientists are looking for another planet accommodate our increasing population.
A B C D
9. Like Earth, Mars has seasons, polar ice caps, volcanoes, canyons, and it has weather.
A B C D
10. Many people wonder what flying cars will ever take off.
A B C D
1. Planets outside our Solar System________________ (call) exoplanets.
2. She asked her teacher if scientists_______________ (find) water on Mars yet.
3. In 1876, at the age of 29, Alexander Graham Bell________________ (invent) his telephone.
4. At this time tomorrow we____________________ (watch) a solar eclipse.
5. Carol told me she_________________ (fly) to Nha Trang the next day.
▪ Page 75
6. Scientists__________________ (search) for signs of liquid water on Mars for decades.
7. Mark and Judy__________ (see) a flying saucer when they__________ (walk) in
8. How would the world change if extraterrestrial life__________ (find)?
9. NASA is planning___________________ (send) a helicopter to Mars in July of 2020.
10. It’s possible we may not__________________ (be) alone even in our own solar System.
1. Australian__________ have developed a technology that could make all plastic recyclable. (science)
2. Astronomers have discovered a__________ system containing at least five planets. (planet)
3. Japanese people are very__________. They are fond of creating things. (invent)
4. Are AirPods the best__________ earbuds? (wire)
5. Because of its extremely cold temperatures, Titan is completely__________ for terrestrial life. (suit)
6. I really doubt anyone could live on Mars cause of______________ living conditions there. (appropriate)
7. Facial______________________ are a very important part of communication. (express)
8. It’s quite clear that the electric car is______________________ possible. (technique)
9. The idea of people with_____________________ powers frightens me a little. (telepathy)
10. The new cars will be energy efficient and____________________ friendly. (environment)
IX. Put an appropriate word in each gap to complete the passage.
SPACE EXPLORATION
Space exploration is sending people or machines into (1)__________ to visit other planets and
objects in space. Mankind has dreamed (2) __________ visiting the stars for hundreds of years, but it wasn’t
until 1969 that the first person walked on the Moon.
Since the first person walked on the Moon, hundreds of satellites have been (3) __________ into
orbit around the earth, and hundreds of people have been into space on lots of different types of spacecraft.
We have also sent machines to investigate objects that are further (4) __________ in the Solar System.
Voyager I and Voyager II, launched in 1977, have almost reached the edge of the Solar System and will
soon be exploring deep
space. They have travelled further from Earth than any other (5) __________ made by man. They visited
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto on their journey through the Solar System.
Apart from the Moon, the most popular place to send (6) __________ space expeditions is to Mars.
Since the year 2000, there have been 10 unmanned expeditions to Mars. Some scientists think that creatures
may have lived on Mars millions of years ago, (7) __________Mars was warmer and had more air - NASA
sent the rover Curiosity to Mars in 2012 to look for evidence of (8) __________. They haven’t found it yet,
but they are going to keep on looking!
X. Choose the word which best fits each gap.
Many teens think they are addicted to cell phones, and they (1)__________ act like it. In one study,
teens aged fifteen to nineteen describe themselves as addicted to their phones, and in another, 30 percent say
they’re (2)__________ when they can’t use it. Cell phone use, like drugs and alcohol, may act on the reward
centers of the brain. When the brain gets its perceived reward - whether it’s heroin, chocolate,
(3)__________ the fun of texting two thousand times a month on average - it wants a do-over, again and
again and again. Suddenly, a behavior is born. Psychologists who have studied cell phone use, particularly
texting, by teens, report that it is (4)__________ to anxiety, behavioral problems, distraction in school,
repetitive stress injury, and sleep deprivation. In Russia, scientists and government officials have advised
that anyone under the age of eighteen (5)__________ not use a cell phone. In France, there’s a
(6)__________ against marketing mobile phones to young children.
Parents of both preteens and adolescents need to set and (7)__________ rules for teen cell phone use.
Don’t be afraid to ground any child’s cell phone use - by taking it away for a day or two (8)__________ he
or she ignores reasonable rules!
1. A. possibly B. mainly C. certainly D. specially
2. A. depressed B. impressed C. delighted D. worried
3. A. rather B. and C. but D. or
4. A. leading B. resulting C. causing D. bringing
5. A. might B. should C. will D. can
6. A. method B. plan C. order D. ban
▪ Page 76
7. A. break B. observe C. enforce D. establish
8. A. whether B. if C. when D. whereas
XII. Write the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one. Use the
word given.
1. “Scientists have searched for extraterrestrial life on other planets for decades,” the teacher
said to us. (TOLD)
__________________________________________________________________
2. Eating in weightless conditions isn’t easy. (EPS)
__________________________________________________________________
3. Maybe aliens will invade the Earth and do the same thing. (MIGHT)
__________________________________________________________________
4. Jupiter’s moon Europa is cold and the ice on the surface is probably as hard as rock. (SO)
__________________________________________________________________
5. The atmosphere of Mars is very thin and we can’t breathe it. (TOO)
__________________________________________________________________
6. Most students searching for information try to find the details on the Internet. (LOOK)
__________________________________________________________________
7. In the end they managed to land on the surface of the moon. (SUCCEEDED)
__________________________________________________________________
8. Teens like texting better than talking face to face. (PREFER)
__________________________________________________________________
9. Steve Jobs founded Apple Computer in Los Gatos, California on 1 April, 1976. (BY)
__________________________________________________________________
10. “Will we have flying cars by 2025?” Tim wanted to know. (WHETHER)
__________________________________________________________________
▪ Page 77

E8 Unit 7

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UNIT 7: POLLUTION

IV. Underline the right option.

IX. Write conditional sentences type 2, using the cues given.

XIII. Underline the correct preposition in each of the following sentences.

Country People Capital

1. “Have you ever visited Niagara Falls?” - “Yes, twice. __________”

THE LONDON EYE

UNIT 9: NATURAL DISASTERS

5. A massive landslide buried dozens of homes near a Central Philippine mountain.

flooding mudslide avalanche twister

UNIT 10: COMMUNICATION

non-verbal verbal flat cultural barrier

three-dimensional channel breakdown board network

1. He blamed the mistake on a communication___________ between two members of staff.

conferencing directly telepathy change

enough digital transmit smartphone

II. Read the passage carefully, then do the tasks.

VII. Supply the correct form of the words in brackets.

UNIT 11: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

unfriendly unreasonable uncomfortable immobile unhurt

impossible uninformed unavailable unable unavoidable

unforeseen impatient impolite untidy immature

art contract translate guitar program journal act

psychology Science create advise speak design direct

-er -ist -or

V. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.\

technology enormous benefits techniques exploring

1. In 50 years, homes might be located______________________ or on water.

while through vision network

communicate invented accessible much

II. Read the text carefully, then do the tasks.

B. Choose the correct answers.

8. Scientists said they would explore a possibility of living on Mars.

useless thoughtful flightless meaningful purposeful

tearless truthful wonderful homeless careless

1. A___________ is sometimes referred to as an Unidentified Flying Object (UFO).

X. Supply the correct form of the words in brackets.

surface survive frozen universe explore missions down might

TEST FOR UNIT 12

IV. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentence.

V. Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.

VI. Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.

VII. Supply the correct form of the words in brockets.

IX. Choose the word which best fits each gap.

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