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    By Deepayan Rout Dept of Earth Science Nit Rourkela

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    Ayan Deepayan
    The document discusses feldspathoids, which are minerals similar to feldspar but have a different arrangement of tetrahedra. It focuses on leucite, nepheline, and sodalite. Leucite has a tetragonal crystal structure and is commonly white or gray. Nepheline is hexagonal and occurs in silica-poor, alkaline igneous rocks. Sodalite has a cubic structure and its formula involves sodium, aluminum, silicon, oxygen, and chlorine. The minerals are distinguished from each other based on properties like crystal structure, composition, and reaction to acids.

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    By Deepayan Rout Dept of Earth Science Nit Rourkela

    Uploaded by

    Ayan Deepayan
    68 views17 pages
    The document discusses feldspathoids, which are minerals similar to feldspar but have a different arrangement of tetrahedra. It focuses on leucite, nepheline, and sodalite. Leucite has a tetragonal crystal structure and is commonly white or gray. Nepheline is hexagonal and occurs in silica-poor, alkaline igneous rocks. Sodalite has a cubic structure and its formula involves sodium, aluminum, silicon, oxygen, and chlorine. The minerals are distinguished from each other based on properties like crystal structure, composition, and reaction to acids.

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    The document discusses feldspathoids, which are minerals similar to feldspar but have a different arrangement of tetrahedra. It focuses on leucite, nepheline, and sodalite. Leucite has a tetragonal crystal structure and is commonly white or gray. Nepheline is hexagonal and occurs in silica-poor, alkaline igneous rocks. Sodalite has a cubic structure and its formula involves sodium, aluminum, silicon, oxygen, and chlorine. The minerals are distinguished from each other based on properties like crystal structure, composition, and reaction to acids.

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    Download as pdf or txt
    68 views17 pages

    By Deepayan Rout Dept of Earth Science Nit Rourkela

    Uploaded by

    Ayan Deepayan
    The document discusses feldspathoids, which are minerals similar to feldspar but have a different arrangement of tetrahedra. It focuses on leucite, nepheline, and sodalite. Leucite has a tetragonal crystal structure and is commonly white or gray. Nepheline is hexagonal and occurs in silica-poor, alkaline igneous rocks. Sodalite has a cubic structure and its formula involves sodium, aluminum, silicon, oxygen, and chlorine. The minerals are distinguished from each other based on properties like crystal structure, composition, and reaction to acids.

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    BY DEEPAYAN ROUT

    DEPT OF EARTH SCIENCE

    NIT ROURKELA
    WHAT IF
    SILICA CONTENT IS LOW IN
    MAGMA?

    FELDSPATHOIDS
    ANHYROUS FRAMEWORK SILICATE
    SIMILLIAR TO FELDSPAR BUT HAVE DIFF ARRANGEMENT AMONG THEM

    IF FREE SILICA IS PRESENT THEY COMBINE TO FORM FELDSPAR

    LEUCITE –ORTHOCLASE
    NEPHELINE –ALBITE

    NOT COMPATIBLE WITH QUARTZ


    FOUND WITH FELDSPAR,PYROXENE(RIEBECKITE AND AEGERINE
    RINGS OF AlO4 AMD SiO4 TETRAHEDRA THAT COMBINE TO FORM POLYMERIZED
    FRAMEWORK AND LARGE CAVITES THAT CONTAIN CATIONS EACH CAVITIES RUN
    THROUGH OUT THE STRUCTURE THROUGH CHANNELS
    SHEETS OF SUCH RINGS ARE BONDED BY APICAL OXYGEN TO FORM CAVITIES AND
    CHANNELS
    − 𝟐− 𝟐−
    INTERSTITIAL 𝑪𝒍 𝑺𝑶𝟒 𝑪𝑶𝟑
    CANCRINITE - 𝑪𝑶𝟐−
    𝟑
    SODALITE-𝑪𝒍−
    LAZURITE-𝑪𝒍− 𝑺𝑶𝟐−
    𝟒 𝑆 2−
    LEUCITE NEPHELINE SODALITE
    FELDSPATHOIDS IN HAND SPECIMEN

    LEUCITE NEPHELINE SODALITE


    • Formula: KAl(Si2O6) • Formula: (Na,K)AlSiO4 • Formula: Na8Al6Si6O24Cl2
    System: Tetragonal System: Hexagonal System: Cubic (Isometric)
    Color: White, grey Color: White, grey, Color: Any, especially blue to
    Lustre: Vitreous yellowish, greenish violet
    Hardness: 5½–6 Lustre: Vitreous, Greasy
    Lustre: Vitreous, Hardness: 5½–6
    Density: 2.45–2.5
    Hardness: 5½–6 Density: 2.27–2.33
    Density: 2.55–2.66
    •Name : From the Greek leukos,“
    white".
    Crystallography-Tetragonal below
    605°C.
    •Isometric above 605°C.
    •Usually trapezohedral crystals .
    •Most leucites are close to KAISi206.
    small amounts of Na may re place K.
    •Distinguish from analcite by the
    common presence of complex
    twinning and by having a higher
    Refractive index.
    ❑ Its bases are formed by four-membered rings with
    4 symmetry and further tetrahedra are located on two opposite edges.

    Isostructural with pollucite ,analcite


    ❑ In leucite channel donot intersect
    ❑ Can be prepared in lab by reacting analcite with conc KCL at 200 C
    ❑ Found in ugandite rock
    NEPHELINE AND KALSILITE

    THEY ARE NOT ISOSTRUCTURAL(TRYDIMITE FRAMEWORK)


    MORE THE K HIGHER IS RI AND DENSITY.
    LOW BI REFRIGERENCE POOR CLEAVAGE
    SOLUBLE IN HCL
    • HAS LARGE POLYMORPHS DUE TO BREAKDOWN OF FRAMEWORK
    • IN NEPHELINE QUARTER RINGS ARE HEXAGONAL REMAINDER ARE OVAL
    • KALSILITE ALL ARE DITRIGONAL
    • HIGH TEMPERATURE POLYMORPH OF NEPHELINE IS CARNEGIERITE(CUBIC AND CRISTOBALLITE
    FRAMEWORK)
    •Nepheline readily decomposed by HCI.
    •Occurs almost exclusively in magmatic, silica poor, alkaline rocks.
    •Occurs both plutonic and volcanic rock sand in pegmatites associated with
    nepheline syenites.
    •It is used extensively in the glass and ceramic industry.

    NEPHELINE AND IS DISTINGUISHED FROM


    • OPTIC SIGN
    QUARTZ QUARTZ IS POSITIVE WHILE NEPHELINE
    NEGATIVE

    • UNIAXIAL WHILE ALKALI FS ARE


    ALKALI FELDSPAR BIAXIAL

    • ANALCITE ISOTROPIC
    ANACITE
    • LEUCITE SHOWS COMPLEX
    LEUCITE TWINNING
    TETRAHEDRA OF ALUMINIUM AND SILICON ARE EQUAL IN NO.
    ❖ CL IN INTERSTICES

    ❖SODALITE IS SYSNTHESISED BY HEATING MUSCOVITE AND KAOLINITE WITH NACL


    AT 773K
    ❖ISOTROPIC
    ❖REFRACTIVE INDEX - SODALITE <NOSEAN<HAUYNE
    ❖TENEBRESCENCE SHOWN BY HACKMANITE
    SODALITE GROUP MEMBER DISTINGUISHING

    SODALITE/HAUYNE/NOSEAN+HN𝑂3

    =CUBIC NaCL=SODALITE

    NEEDLE GYPSUM -
    ==HAUYNE + CaC𝑙2

    BOTH gypsum,and
    NaCl -=NOSEAN
    IJOLITE :
    A nephelinolite consisting of NEPHELINE SYENITE :
    30-70% nepheline with A foid-syenite where nepheline is the
    pyroxene. most abundant foid.

    PHONOLITE:
    rich in nepheline and potash
    feldspar

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