PNEUMO- The

Electric Vehicle on
Single wheel

Technology Ventures

Submitted to –
Prof. Mukund Prasad

Submitted by- Group 1

Dilpreet Kalra - A030
Shalini Lodha B037
Riya Bansal B014
Yogesh hitashi C024
Yogesh Sharma I050

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Contents

Executive Summary:................................................................................................................................ 3
Objective: ................................................................................................................................................ 3
Market:.................................................................................................................................................... 3
Commercial Utility & Importance: .......................................................................................................... 6
Customer Discovery: ............................................................................................................................... 7
Primary Data collection:...................................................................................................................... 7
Secondary Data Collection: ................................................................................................................. 7
Segment wise propensity to transition to EVs based on key parameters: ............................................. 8
Investment Rollout Plan (FY20 to FY22) ................................................................................................. 9
Marketing Plan…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..9

Budget Estimate (Delivery Charges Not included): ................................................................................. 9

Conclusion: ............................................................................................................................................ 10
References: ........................................................................................................................................... 11

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Executive Summary:
An electric vehicle (EV), also called an EV is a vehicle that uses one or more electric
motors or traction motors for propulsion. An electric vehicle may be powered through a
collector system by electricity from off-vehicle sources, or may be self-contained with a battery,
solar panels, fuel cells or an electric generator to convert fuel to electricity. EVs include, but
are not limited to, road and rail vehicles, surface and underwater vessels, electric aircraft and
electric spacecraft. Project Drawdown describes electric vehicles as one of the 100 best
contemporary solutions for addressing climate change. While the government is warming up
to the importance of electric mobility and introducing favourable policies and provisions, it is
the tech-driven start-ups of the country that are taking the field forward.
The Electric Car, Pneumo is a single wheel, self-balanced electric car which uses
complex electronic circuits and IOT devices to deliver the best ownership experience to the
user. The Idea has been a result of constant brainstorming, extensive research, and customer
feedbacks. The concept is a upgraded version of an electric unicycle which uses inertial
measurement unit, MPU 6050 to stabilize the vehicle on all the three axes. The major
components in an electric vehicle are its battery and the motor, Pneumo uses an SRM motor
for propulsion and a Lithium-ion battery. The body has been designed using carbon fiber to
lower the curb weight and improve the power to weight ratio. The brain of the vehicle is the
microcontroller unit which takes inputs from multiple sensors such as ultrasonic sensor to
detect traffic, MPU to stabilize the axis, among others. The internal components are also
integrated with the CPU unit to track performance, detect fatigue in parts, and deliver an
optimal user experience.
We plan to build the prototype from scratch, take it out in the market to gather customer
feedback, and make changes on the go. This coupled with viral marketing will enable us to
spread the word out, generate curiosity, and gather a fan following on various social media
channels. These fans would eventually turn into our customers once we start selling. We plan
to make use of government subsidies, tenders for government offices, and other institutional
buyers.

Objective:
Pollution is the biggest enemy of the life on Earth. To curb pollution, countries all over
the world are focusing primarily on Electric vehicles. In India there is a need of an affordable
Electric Vehicle which could serve the purpose with the existing resources. With this objective
in mind, we have designed an Electric vehicle ‘Pneumo’, which can be charged without any
charging socket. This thus, eliminates the need of complex and costly charging Infrastructure
which is the primary hindrance to the Development of Electric Vehicle market in India.

Market:
India Electric Car Market Overview
The Indian electric car market size was valued at $71.1 million in 2017 and is projected
to reach $707.4 million by 2025, witnessing a CAGR of 34.5% during the forecast period.
Government schemes and subsidies are playing a major role in the growth of the market.
In addition, the growing environmental concerns owing to high pollution levels in major
cities of the country are also positively affecting the market growth.

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 INDIA ELECTRIC CAR MARKET, BY END-USER, UNITS (2013-2025)

Based on the technology, the Indian electric car market has been categorized into
battery electric vehicle (BEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), and hybrid electric
vehicle (HEV). BEV category held the largest share in the Indian market, contributing
over 70% sales volume in 2017. During the forecast period, the BEV category is poised
to continue dominating its position in the market in terms of both volume and value,
owing to the highest subsidies offered by the government on the purchase of BEVs as
compared to PHEVs and HEVs. In addition, the availability of considerable BEVs model,
falling battery price, and lower upfront cost are expected to benefit the market during
the forecast period.
On the basis of battery, the Indian electric car market has been classified into Lithium -
Iron-Phosphate (LFP), Lithium–Nickel–Manganese Cobalt Oxide (Li-NMC), and others.
The “others” category includes other Li-ion based batteries, such as Lithium–Titanate
oxide (LTO) battery, Lithium–Nickel–Cobalt–Aluminum oxide (NCA) battery, nickel–
metal hydride (NiMH) battery, and lead acid battery. LFP battery-based electric car was
the largest category in the market, contributing over 65% sales volume in 2017, owing
to the benefits such as high current rating, thermal stability and safety levels, and long
cycle life.
Maharashtra had the highest sales volume in 2017 in the Indian electric car market. The
state is expected to continue being the leading market in the country for electric cars
during the forecast period, owing to the state government’s Electric Vehicle Policy 2018
to help electric vehicle market grow by supporting electric vehicle manufacturing,
developing charging infrastructure, and offering subsidies to customers on the purchase
of these vehicles. The state government announced subsidies for electric cars,
amounting up to $1,550 (INR 100,000) per vehicle.

India Electric Car Market Dynamics

Drivers

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On the Environmental Pollution Index (EPI) 2018, India is among the bottom five
countries in the environmental health category and ranked 178 out of 180 as far as air
quality is concerned. India’s CO2 emissions increased by an estimated 4.6% in 2017.
The ultra-fine particulate matter (PM2.5), emitted by fuel-based vehicles, are harmful.
Their concentration in the air have increased over the past decades leading to around
1,640,000 deaths annually in India. To reduce the air pollution, government has decided
to shift from conventional fuel-based vehicles to electric vehicles in addition to
implementing several stringent norms.
India is currently following Bharat Stage IV (BS IV) norms and would be moving to BS
VI emission standard by 2020, skipping BS V. The government has decided to go
directly from BS IV to BS VI fuel standards due to environmental degradation, growing
pollution levels, and health hazards caused by vehicular pollution. This is a step toward
a more sustainable and cleaner environment. As a result, reduction in the usage of
conventional fuel-based vehicles is expected, thus increasing the demand for electric
vehicles. With BS VI coming into effect, India would come at parity in automotive market
with the U.S., and other developed European countries across the globe. Such initiatives
are likely to spur the growth of the Indian electric car market.
Restraints
Lack of adequate number of charging stations is one of the majors restrain spotted in
the Indian electric car market. The charging infrastructure is the most decisive factor for
electric car sales in the country. The limited or inadequate availability of charging
stations, coupled with lack of adequate financial schemes for the growth of such
infrastructure, hinders the adoption of electric cars by customers. In addition, the
technological challenges such as limited electric range and long charging time are also
expected to affect the adoption of electric car in the country.
Opportunities
Public transport systems of India are among the most heavily used across the world.
Therefore, shared electric mobility has an opportunity to gain popularity in the Indian
electric car market by meeting the increasing need for transport systems. Mobility
systems are experiencing transformation due to increasing connectivity, new business
models, and steeply falling technology costs. Many business models are offering shared
electric mobility solutions, with the notable ones being Ola Cabs and Uber.
For instance, in 2017, Ola along with Mahindra & Mahindra launched a programme to
build an electric mass mobility ecosystem in Nagpur, Maharashtra. Over 100 of
Mahindra’s e20 plus vehicles have already been availed by the company. It is also
planning to source vehicles for its fleet from other original equipment manufacturers
(OEMs) including BYD Automobile Company Ltd. and TATA Motors Ltd. Also, Uber India
entered into a partnership with Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. to deploy electric vehicles,

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beginning with a few hundred vehicles, in Hyderabad and Delhi. Thus, the growing
usage of electric cars in shared mobility services offers a lucrative opportunity in the
Indian electric car market.
India Electric Car Market Competitive Landscape
Currently, the Indian electric car market is highly consolidated and is dominated by few
players. Mahindra Electric Mobility Ltd. is the only manufacturer of BEVs and leads the
market in the country. Other players such as Toyota Kirloskar Motor Pvt. Ltd., BMW AG,
Volvo Car Corporation, and Honda Motor Co. Ltd. are offering HEV models in the
market. However, with the Indian government taking initiatives to boost the market
growth through favourable policies and incentives to support the adoption of electric
vehicles, other automotive players have ventured into the Indian electric car industry.
Furthermore, with the advent of established automotive manufacturers, such as Tata
Motors Ltd., Hyundai Motor Company, and Honda Motor Co. Ltd., the competition is
expected to intensify during the forecast period.

Our Target Market: Bangalore

The startup hub of India is the primary market for all major electric vehicle
companies in India. It has the highest number of EV startups in the country as well as
highest funding delivered in terms of size. The major reasons for selecting Bangalore-
• Government Regulations and Subsidies
• High Adoption Rate
• Ease of Manufacturing
• Traffic Jams- where a single-wheeled car might be revolutionary
• Well Funded and well educated Buyers

Commercial Utility & Importance:

The vehicle can replace conventional fossil fuel-based vehicles with comparable refuelling
time. With the Government of India’s mission to full electric mobility by the year 2030, the
opportunities in the electric vehicle industries are tremendous. The vehicle presents robust &
futuristic specifications at affordable price. The vehicle has high range, equipped with onboard
charging which provides uninterrupted journeys at a low riding cost. A car occupying the space
of a two-wheeler would drastically reduce the traffic jams in metro cities as well as tier-2 and
tier-3 cities, thereby effectively reducing the tail pipe emissions of the current IC engine
vehicles till the time they would be completely replaced by their Electric counterparts. The
approximate cost per km is Rs.0.5/km.
The other significant advantages are:

• Safety provided by the vehicle- owing to the Carbon fibre body

• Comfort- car like features
• Low Operating Cost- only cost= CNG refuelling cost
• On-board Charging- turbine generator
• Low Maintenance Cost

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 • Compact & Light Weight

Customer Discovery:
Primary Data collection:
A survey was conducted by us with the help of a questionnaire that was sent across to different
people who were interest in buying the product as well as from the ones who purchased these
cars in order to understand how people find the experience of the same.

Description of the respondents:

Majority of the respondents were of the premium and upper middle class segment. Even there
were few respondents who belonged to other Industries like Communication and Hospitality
Services, IT sector, Education and Healthcare, Business firms and Real Estate. Also, majority
of them fall under the age group of 31-45.

Research instrument:
The instrument used in this study is questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised of 22
questions focusing on various aspects of the product like:
• Issues faced with their current 2-wheeler
• Daily commute distance with cost
• Factors to consider for next vehicle purchase
and many more
With regards to the above aspects, the respondents were looked upon and compared after a
thorough review of their responses.

Secondary Data Collection:

The data for understanding the financial aspect sand the budgeting of the product was done using
various sources which are listed below:

https://data.world/datasets/open-data

https://inc42.com/features/union-budget-2020-wheres-my-ev-asks-indias-electric-vehicle-industry/

https://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/document_publication/EV_report.pdf

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Segment wise propensity to transition to EVs based on key
parameters:

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 Investment Rollout Plan (FY20 to FY22)

Marketing plan:
We will cover aspects of integrated marketing communication for promotion. Digital
Marketing channels will be leveraged.
We will also be making use of every feasible promotional and advertising platform to
highlight the benefits of EVs. Coverage, EV technology evangelisation and
informational campaigns across different media—especially TV, online and print—
can make a big impact. Outdoor advertising and educational workshops are handy
avenues.

In addition to the obvious benefits such as anti-pollution and cost-efficiency, these

promotions mitigate myths such as battery longevity that surround EV usage. Return
on Investment (RoI) and cost of ownership benefits of EVs vis a vis conventional
Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) can be demonstrated during such interactions.
Customers must also be educated about sops offered by the Government, such as
the proposal that exempts EVs from road tax during vehicle registration.

Budget Estimate (Delivery Charges Not included):

S.N. Name of Item with quantity Estimated Cost (In Justification

Rs)
1 Brushless DC motor Rs.18,000 1.5 Kw (48 Volt) motor with chain & teeth
With motor controller sprocket
2 Li-ion Battery Rs. 32,000 48 Volt 22.5 Amp Battery with BMS and
Charger

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 With battery charger and (Rs.26,000+ Rs.
battery management 6,000)
system
3 Carbon Fabric Rs. 14,000 Body Fabrication of vehicle
• 200 GSM- 3m*1m (Rs. 5,000+ Rs.
• 400 GSM- 3m*1m 6,000
• Epoxy Resin- 3 Kg + Rs.1,800+ Rs.
• Epoxy Hardener- 1,000)
1Kg
4 18inch Tyre Rs. 3,000 Sports bike tyre with strong grip
5 Electronic Equipment and Rs.2,000 Arduino UNO, MPU-6050, speed sensor,
Components
6 Solar Panel Rs.14,000 100W flexible solar panel
7 Supercapacitor Rs.5,500 2.7 Volt, 500F each
With 6 Capacitors on the protection board
8 Miscellaneous Components Rs.10,000 Connecting Cables, Steering, Piezo sensors,
Shockers,
9 Carbon Fibre vessel and Rs.10,000 3L vessel with pressure capacity- 4500 psi
related components (Hoses,
Nozzles and fasners)
10 Acrylic Windshield Rs.2,000 According to dimensions
11 Rear View Camera with Rs. 7,000 2 *13 Megapixel Camera attached to 7inch
Screen Touchscreen with live streaming
12 Reverse parking sensors Rs. 3,000 Set of 4 Sensors with VHD screen
13 Low Torque Low RPM Rs.25,000 Stall Torque- 0.15N-m
Alternator Power output- 400 watt at 600Rpm
14 Seat, airbags, Crash Rs. 10,000 Wooden seat with foam covering for two
sensors, diagnostic module people
Total Budget (in Rs.) Rs. 1,55,000/-

Conclusion:

‘Pneumo’ is the first vehicle of its kind being a single-wheeled (gyro-stabilized) car at
the cost of a two wheeler. It does not have charging socket and provides the facility of on-
board charging. It has a teardrop shaped body which has low coefficient of drag (Drag is the
friction produced by the vehicle when it moves through air) as compared to conventional
vehicles. Use of renewable energy sources (solar and wind). High efficiency of the vehicle
attributed to the use of losses generated while driving the vehicle. The Vehicle charges using
compressed air which can be refuelled at a time comparable to liquid fuels and takes much
less time than it takes to charge the current electric vehicles.
As the EV sector gradually grows, more such tech-enabled ventures will find enough
impetus in the market for their products and services. Driven by sustainability, and with the
help of smoother government policies and support from industry leaders, tech ventures will
be poised to achieve the EV dream in India. The consumer shift and resource allocation
towards electric and sustainable will only increase over time as investors flood the space,
unlocking valuable opportunities in the EV industry.

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References:

https://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/document_publication/EV_report.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_vehicle

https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/can-the-electric-vehicles-revolution-in-india-be-driven-
by-tech-ventures/1532284/

https://autotechreview.com/siemens-automotive-engineering-simulation-and-automation-test-
center/technology-and-innovation/top-10-electric-vehicle-manufacturers-in-india-their-innovations

https://yourstory.com/smbstory/indian-electric-vehicles-ev-manufacturer-aatmanirbhar

https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/in/pdf/2020/10/electric-vehicle-mobility-ev-adoption.pdf

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