SUBTITLE ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION PROCEDURES IN “AVANGERS

ENDGAME” MOVIE

A PAPER
Submitted to English Education Study Program of Suryakancana University in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree

by:
Sofia Latifah
8820317044

ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND TEACHING TRAINING
SURYAKANCANA UNIVERSITY
CIANJUR
2020
 ABSTRACT

Movie title translations may seem simple to the layperson, but filmmakers and

translators knows full well that every word carries meaning, weight and imagery. A

good title has impact and local cultural relevance and that’s decide to see the movie,

making of movie for sure using English and for the reason Indonesian will feel difficult

to understand the meaning of the dialogue because of a different language. So, the

translation of the language of the movie is needed. Movie is a product of art work that

is watched by many people in different countries and different language. In this

research, the writer concerns with the translation study, that is the translation

procedure, this study aimed to analyze translation procedures in subtitle of “Avangers

Endgame” Movie and to find out the most dominant translation procedure that the

translator used in translating this movie.in this case translation of movie subtitle is

needed because it was released is different countries. This study used qualitative

research to explore the objectives of the research, The data were the script in the

subtitle of “Avengers Endgame” movie.

Keywords: Translation Procedures, Subtitle, Avengers Movie, Document Analysis

 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the introduction of the research. It discusses the background of

the research, research questions, aims of the research, clarification of terms significant

of research and organization of the research.

1.1 Background of The Research

In this modern era Hollywood movie have dominated movie industry almost in

every country, including Indonesia. The success that has been obtained by the

Hollywood industry that is liked by all people, from adults, teenagers, to children. Not

only because of the image quality but also the plot of the story and the actor or actress

who played in the movie made this Hollywood movie even more increasing liked by

Indonesian people. Making of this film for sure using English and for the reason

Indonesian will feel difficult to understand the meaning of the dialogue because of a

different language. So, the translation of the language of the movie is needed (Syahrani

et al., 2019)

In this research, the writer chooses to analyze the subtitle of a movie script because

usually an audience chooses to read translated subtitle to understand the story of the

movie. According to Newmark (1988:5) (Syahrani et al., 2019) “translation is

rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author

intended. Hence in many types of text (legal, administrative, dialect, local culture) the

temptation is to transfer as many SL (Source Language) words to the TL (Target

Language) as possible.” in the translation activity of course there are some things that

need to be considered, one of them is word choice, it is very important to make the

translation results are not read ambiguously. Maurits (1990) stated that “translation into

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a foreign language can be and is an excellent exercise for testing one’s

understanding of the foreign language structure. It is however, that as such it should be

indulged in, not as a professional activity”.

There are two types of movie translation. There are dubbing and subtitling. Dries

(1995 cited in Szarkowska 2005) states that dubbing “refers to the method in which

foreign dialogue is adjusted to the mouth and movement of the actor/actress in the film

and thus makes it familiar to the target audience.” As for subtitling, it refers to

translation of the film dialogue in text and it usually appeared in the bottom of the

screen. Both of them have a same purpose that to make the audience understand and

can enjoy the whole movie by listening or by reading the text in target language. This

study focuses on identifying and classifying the translation procedures and the most

dominant of translation procedure used by the translator in translating subtitle of the

movie which is Avangers Endgame Movie.

Avengers: Endgame is a 2019 American superhero film based on the Marvel

Comics superhero team the Avengers. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed

by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, it is the direct sequel to Avengers: Infinity

War (2018) and the 22nd film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Directed

by Anthony and Joe Russo and written by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely,

the film features an ensemble cast including Robert Downey Jr., Chris Evans, Mark

Ruffalo, Chris Hemsworth, Scarlett Johansson, Jeremy Renner, Don Cheadle, Paul

Rudd, Brie Larson, Karen Gillan, Danai Gurira, Benedict Wong, Jon Favreau, Bradley

Cooper, Gwyneth Paltrow, and Josh Brolin. In the film, the surviving members of

the Avengers and their allies attempt to reverse the damage caused

by Thanos in Infinity War.
 There are some researchers that use movie as the object of their research. They are

Maryun (2012) and Iqbal (2009). Maryun focuses her study on procedure in translating

vocative expression. This research result is the most dominant procedure used for

translating all vocative expressions were paraphrase procedure with 58 or (36%)

expression and Literal and synonym procedures were in the second position after with

25 (15%) expression. The third procedures were reduction with 23 (14%) expression.

The next procedures were expansion with 8 expressions (5%). It was followed by

Modulation with 7 expression (4%), Cultural equivalence with 6 (4%) expression,

transference with 5 (3%) Compensation with 4 (3%) expression and the last procedure

is Couplet with 3 expressions (1%). Meanwhile, Iqbal focuses his study on translating

idiomatic expression. This research result shows that types of idioms mostly used in the

film entitled Tropic Thunder are slang (43%), figures of speech (18%), English phrasal

compounds (17%), substitute (13%), proper names (7%), and abbreviation (2%). The

result of this research also indicates that several methods were applied in translating the

idiomatic expressions: communicative translation (32%), literal translation (28%),

semantic translation (27%), and faithful translation (13%).

Based on the previous study, there are differences from both research . The

research by Maryun (2012) is analyzing the procedure in translating vocative

expression in Harry Potter‟s movie and classifying the rank of most translation

procedure used and the research by Iqbal (2009) is focusing in idiomatic expression and

translation method in translation idiomatic expression. However, in this research, the

researcher classify the translation procedures in translating a systematic sample of the

conversation in this movie. The researcher will also find out the most dominant

translation procedures used in translating a subtitle of Avangers Endgame movie.

1.2 Research Questions

This research is carried out to analyze the following research questions :

1. What types of translation procedures are applied in the subtitle of Avengers

Endgame Movie ?

2. What is the most dominant translation procedure that the translator used in

translating subtitle of Avangers Endgame Movie ?

1.3 Aims of Research

Specifically, this research is focused on two objectives :

A. To find out the types of translation procedures are applied in the subtitle of

the movie

B. To find out the most dominant translation procedure that the translator used

in translating subtitle of Avangers Endgame Movie ?

1.4 Significant of The Research

The research will complete and give more information abouttranslating the literary

work generally and translating movie especially for the writer herself and for the

others who concern in translating the literary works.

1.5 Clarification of Terms

To avoid misunderstanding in this chapter, the researcher has clarified some of the

terms below.

1. Molina L and Hurtado Albir (2002:499) (PUTRI, 2017) stated that translation

procedures described the result and it can be used to classify various solution of
 translation. According to them, translation procedures as a procedure which is used

to analyze and categorize the way the equivalence work.

2. Subtitle is words that translate what is said in a film or movie into a different

language and appear on the screen at the bottom. Subtitles are also used, especially

on television, to help deaf people (Amil et al., 2020) (Hornby, 2005).

3. Avengers: Endgame is a 2019 American superhero film based on the Marvel

Comics superhero team the Avengers. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed

by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, it is the direct sequel to Avengers:

Infinity War (2018) and the 22nd film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).

4. Document Analysis is a form of qualitative research on which documents are

interpreted by the researcher to give voice and meaning around an assessment topic

(Bowen, 2009)

1.6 Organization of the Research

This paper of study is organized into five chapters as follows:

Chapter I, Introduction, this chapter consists of the background of the research,

research questions and its aims, and the key terms.

Chapter II, Theoretical Foundation, in this chapter the writer explains the theories

that are discussed on this study are Translation, Theories of Translation, Translation

Procedures, Translation Process, Avangers:Endgame The Movie and Previous

Study.

Chapter III, Methodology, in this chapter the writer explains how to feed the body

of this research by the data. There are Research design, Data Source, Datta

Collection, Data Analysis, Concluding Remarks.

Chapter IV, Findings and Discussion, this chapter sets out the data obtained from

the result of document analysis. The data were used to answer all the research

questions.

Chapter V, Conclusions and Suggestions, this chapter is divided into two parts. The

first part tells the conclusion of this study and the second one discusses the

suggestion from the research

 CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FOUNDATION

This chapter focuses on literature review which provides the basic theory in conducting

the research. There are seven main points that will be elaborated in this chapter as

follow:

B.1 Translation

Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by

means of an equivalent target-language text. (Verity & Larson, 1986) states that

basically, translation is a change of form. The form is referring to the words,

phrases, clauses, sentences, or paragraph. The change of form is done by replacing

the form of source language to the form of receptor or target language. In general,

the purpose of translation is to reproduce various kinds of texts including religious,

literary, scientific, and philosophical texts in another language and thus making

them available to wider readers.

According to Newmark (1988:5) in (Mojola, 1989), translation is perceived as

rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author

intended the text. In line with that theory, Munday (2001:5) states that translation

refers to the changing of an original source text of one language into a target text in

a different language.

Jakobson (1959/2000:114) in Munday (2001:5) divides and defines translation

into three categories as follow:

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1. Intralingual translation or ‘rewording’. It is an interpretation of verbal

signs through other signs of the same language. This translation is similar

to paraphrase, because it occurs when we rephrase an expression or text in

the same language to explain or clarify something we might have said or

written. Another example is when a lecturer explains the material in front

of the class and the students make a note from what he says.

2. Interlingual translation or 'translation proper'. It is an interpretation of

verbal signs through the same and other signs some other languages. For

example, the interpreter in a conference who interprets the English

language from the speaker into Indonesian to the audience.

3. Intersemiotic translation or ‘transmutation’. It is an interpretation of verbal

signs through signs of non-verbal sign systems. This translation occurs if a

written text were translated, for example, a film version of a novel and an

advertisement that represents in image.

Meanwhile, Hatim and Munday (2004:6) in Munday (2009:7) define translation as:

1. The process of transferring a written text from SL to TL, conducted by a

translator, or translators, in a specific socio-cultural context.

2. The written product, or TT, which results from that process and which

functions in the socio-cultural context of the TL. 3. The cognitive,

linguistic, visual, cultural and ideological phenomena which are an

integral part of 1 and 2.

Other definitions are proposed by Bassneet (2002:6) who defines that

translation is not just the transfer of texts from one language into another, but also

a process of negotiation between texts and cultures. It means that translation is not
 only transmitting a language, transferring the meaning, and conveying the

message, but also transmitting a cultural aspect of the SL.

Besides that, (Nida et al., 1982) postulate that translation is reproducing the

receptor language from the closest natural equivalent of the source language

message, in terms of meaning and style. According to them, in reproducing the

message, meaning aspect is the first concern as well as the importance of form and

style, because translation is not merely changing one language to another, but also

conveying the message from SL to TL.

From the definitions above, it can be concluded that translation is a process of

rendering a thought from one language to another language.

B.2 Theories of Translation

1. The Equivalece Theory

B.3 The Translation Procedures

According to Newmark (1988:81), translation procedures are used for

sentences and smaller units of language. Therefore, it is possible to a sentence to

have more than one translation procedure. Newmark (1988), Vinay and Darbelnet

(2000) in Munday (2001), Dryden in Munday (2001), Catford (1965) in Munday

(2001), Delisle, Lee-Jahnke & Cormier (1999), and Harvey (2003) divided the

translation procedures into some categories bellow :

1. Literal Translation

Literal translation is the basic translation procedure where word-

forword translation transfers SL grammar and word order, as well as the

 primary meanings of all the SL words (Newmark, 1988:69). In other

words, the SL grammatical constructions are converted into the nearest TL

equivalent, but the lexical words are translated word by word. Dryden

(1680/1992:17) in Munday (2001:25) uses the term “metaphrase” which

corresponds to literal translation. Meanwhile, Vinay and Darbelnet

(2000:86) in Munday (2001:57) say that the translator may judge literal

translation to be 'unacceptable' because it gives a different meaning, has no

meaning, impossible for structural reasons, does not have a corresponding

expression within the metalinguistic experience of the TL, and corresponds

to something at a different level of language.

Example:

- SL: I don't want anything.

- TL: Aku tidak mau apapun.

2. Transference

Transference (loan word, transcription) is the process of transferring a

SL word to a TL text (Newmark, 1988:81). In other words, it is the

process of transliterating the original term (Harvey, 2003:5). Meanwhile,

Vinay and Darbelnet (2000:84) in Munday (2001:56) use the term

“Borrowing” where the SL word is transferred directly to the TL. In line

with this theory, Gottlieb (1992) in Ghaemi and Benyamin (2010:42)

 proposes the term “Imitation” which means that the process of translation

maintains the same forms, typically with names of people and places.

Example:

- SL: West Virginia.

- TL: West Virginia.

3. Naturalization

Naturalization succeeds transference and adapts the SL word first to

the normal pronunciation, then to the normal morphology (word-forms)

of the TL (Newmark, 1988:81). Harvey (2003:4) says that naturalization

happens due to the cross fertilization between two language.

Example:

- SL: May and June.

- TL: Mei dan Juni.

4. Adaptation

Adaptation is a procedure which involves changing the cultural

reference when a situation in the source culture does not exist in the

target culture (Vinay and Darbelnet, 2000:90 in Munday, 2001:58). In

other words, Delisle, Lee-Jahnke & Cormier (1999) use this term to
 replace a socio-cultural reality from the SL with a reality specific to the

target culture in order to accommodate for the expectations of the target

audience.

Example:

- SL: Dear Sir.

- TL: Yang terhormat

5. Cultural Equivalent

Cultural Equivalent is an approximate translation procedure where a

SL cultural word is translated by a TL cultural word (Newmark,

1988:81). Meanwhile, Vinay and Darbelnet (2000:90) in Munday

(2001:58) say that this term is particularly useful in translating idioms

and proverbs. In ,other words, the language describes the same situation

by different stylistic or structural means.

Example:

- SL: You little pinhead!

- TL: Kamu bodoh!

6. Functional Equivalent

Functional Equivalent procedure is applied to cultural words that

 require the use of a culture-free-word, but the function of TL is similar to

the SL referent. Sometimes, it uses a specific term, so the SL word

should be generalized. This procedure can be used when a SL technical

word has no TL equivalent so there will be connotational or denotational

differences between the SL and TL term (Newmark, 1988:83 and

Harvey, 2003:2).

Example:

- SL: Identification card.

- TL: Kartu Tanda Pengenal.

7. Descriptive Equivalent

Descriptive equivalent or self-explanatory translation is used when a

SL word needs to be generalized by using an explanation or description,

because it cannot be rendered directly to the TL word (Newmark,

1988:83- 84 and Harvey, 2003:6).

Example:

- TL: Revolver.

- SL: Senjata api yang memiliki silinder.

8. Synonym
 Synonym is a procedure which is used when a precise equivalent for

TL may or may not exist. Therefore, the translator uses the sense of a

near TL equivalent to a SL word in a context. A synonym is only

appropriate where literal translation is not possible and because the word

is not important enough for componential analysis (Newmark, 1988:83-

84).

Example:

- SL: I’m freezing.

- TL: Aku kedinginan.

9. Through – Translation

Through-translation or is also known as calque or loan translation is

the literal translation of common collocations, names of organizations,

the components of compounds or phrases. (Newmark, 1988:84).

According to Vinay and Darbelnet (2000:85) in Munday (2001:56),

calque sometimes has a semantic change.

Example:

- SL: ILO (International Labor Organization).

- TL: Organisasi Buruh Internasional.

10. Shifts of Transposition

 Shifts or transposition is a translation procedure that is proposed

Catford and Vinay and Darbelnet (Newmark, 1988:85). Vinay and

Darbelnet (2000: 88 and 1995: 94-9) in Munday (2001:57) mentions that

transposition is a change of one part of speech for another without

changing the sense. In other words, transposition is the only translation

procedure concerned with grammar (Newmark, 1988:88). There are four

types of shift that are proposed by Newmark (1988:85-88) as follow:

a. The change from singular to plural and in the position of adjective.

b. The shift which is required when an SL grammatical structure

does not exist in the TL.

c. The shift where literal translation is grammatically possible but

may not accord with natural usage in the TL.

d. The replacement of a virtual lexical gap by a grammatical

structure.

Example:

- SL: A year and a half had passed in what Dad called “suspended

animation”.

- TL: Sudah satu setengah tahun lewat yang ayah sebut animasi yang

tahan.

11. Modulation
 Modulation is a procedure that changes the semantic and the point of

view or perspective of TL (Vinay and Darbelnet, 2000 in Munday,

2001:57 and Delisle, Lee-Jahnke & Cormier, 1999:161). Therefore, the

translator can convey the same event of two languages in a different

way. There are eight types of modulation that are proposed by Vinay

and Darbelnet in Newmark (1988:89) as follow:

a. Abstract for concrete,

b. cause for effect,

c. one part for another,

d. reversal of terms,

e. active for passive,

f. space for time,

g. intervals and limits, and

h. change of symbols.

Example:

- SL: You didn’t buy me more than one.

- TL: Kamu hanya beli satu.

12. Recognized Translation

Recognized translation is normally used when the translator deals

with the official or the generally accepted translation of any institutional

term (Newmark, 1988:89).

 Example:

- SL: General Manager.

- TL: Manajer Umum.

13. Translation Labels

Translation label is a provisional translation, which is used for a new

institutional term and should be made in inverted commas, which can

later be discreetly withdrawn. It could be done through literal translation

(Newmark, 1988:90).

Example:

- SL: Heritage Language.

- TL: Langue d’heritage.

14. Compensation

Compensation happens when the translators change an element in the

SL that cannot be used in the same form as in the TL with another

element used in another place (Delisle, Lee-Jahnke & Cormier,

1999:125-126). In other words, it occurs when the loss of meaning,

sound-effect, metaphor or pragmatic effect in one part of a sentence is

compensated in another part, or in a contiguous sentence (Newmark,

1988:90).

Example:
 - SL: Son of a bitch!

- TL: Kurang ajar!

15. Compensational Analysis

Componential analysis is the splitting up of a lexical unit into its

sense components, often one-to-two, -three or -four translations

(Newmark,1988:90).

Example:

- SL: Set.

- TL: Mengatur, menentukan, memasang, babak.

16. Reduction Expantion

Reduction and expansion are rather imprecise translation procedures,

which you practice naturally in some cases (Newmark, 1988:90).

Meanwhile, Gottlieb (1992) in Ghaemi and Benyamin (2010:42) also

proposes the term “Expansion” and uses the term “Condensation” and

“Decimation” for “Reduction”. Condensation is the shortening of the

text in the least obtrusive way possible while decimation is an extreme

form of condensation where perhaps for reasons of discourse speed,

even potentially essential elements are omitted.

 Example:

- SL: Your father and I, we want to make a present to you.

- TL: Kami ingin berikan hadiah untukmu.

Expansion is used when the original text needs an explanation,

because of some cultural nuance not retrievable in the TL (Newmark,

1988:90). In other words, Delisle, Lee-Jahnke & Cormier (1999) use the

term “Amplification” which means the use of more words in the TL to

reexpress an idea or to reinforce the sense of a SL word because the

message of TL cannot be expressed concisely.

Example:

- SL: Now you're in the wild, what are we doing?

- TL: Karena kamu sekarang sudah ada di alam, apa yang akan kita

lakukan?

17. Paraphrase

Paraphrase is a procedure where the explanation of the meaning of a

segment of the text is needed (Newmark, 1988:90). In the meantime,

Gottlieb (1992) in Ghaemi and Benyamin (2010:42) says that

paraphrase is resorted to in cases where the phraseology of the original

cannot be reconstructed in the same syntactic way in the target

language. In line with those theories, Dryden (1992:17) in Munday

(2001:25) says that paraphrase involves changing whole phrases and

more or less corresponds to faithful or sense-for-sense translation.

 Example:

- SL: I'm taking you out to where we're going.

- TL: Aku akan membawamu ke tujuan kita.

18. The combination of procedures

Couplets, Triplets, and Quadruplets are the combination of two, three,

or four procedures for dealing with a single problem (Newmark,

1988:91).

Example of Couplets between Literal and Cultural Equivalent:

- SL: Let me turn off the light.

- TL: Biarkan aku matikan lampunya.

Example of Triplets between Shift, Transference, and Functional

Equivalent:

- SL: Notifying them that Chris' abandoned car had been identified by

the Arizona Highway Patrol.

- TL: Yang beritahu bahwa mobil yang dibuang Chris terlacak oleh

polisi lalu lintas Arizona.

Example of Quadruplets between Reduction, Cultural Equivalent,

Transference, and Naturalization:

 - SL: When they arrived at the apartment, there was a “For Rent” sign

up and the manager said that Chris had moved out at the end of May.

- TL: Ketika mereka tiba di aparetemen, ada tulisan “Untuk

disewa”dan manajer bilang Chris sudah pindah sejak akhir Mei

19. Notes, Additions, Glosses

Notes, additions, and glosses are the procedures where the translator

gives additional information within the text, notes at bottom of page,

notes at end of chapter, and notes or glossary at end of book (Newmark,

1988:91-92).

Example:

- SL: Debrecen >The city of Debrecen, in West Hungary.

- TL: Debrecen > Kota Debrecen, di sebelah barat Hungary.

20. Denominalization

Denominalization occurs when a noun or nominal structure from the

ST is transformed into a verbal structure in the TT (Delisle, Lee-Jahnke

& Cormier, 1999:132).

Example:

- SL: Dia sudah bersuamikan orang Minang.

- TL: She already has a Minang person as her husband.

21. Explicitation
 Explicitation is used to introduce precise details into the TT for

clarification (Delisle, Lee-Jahnke & Cormier, 1999:139). Meanwhile,

Vinay and Darbelnet (1995: 34) in Becher (2011:17) say that

explicitation is a stylistic translation procedure which consists of making

explicit in the TL what remains implicit in the SL because it is apparent

from either the context or the situation. Becher (2011:18) says that

explicitation is observed where a TL is more explicit than the SL.

Example:

- SL: Confiscation révolutionnaire.

- TL: Seized during the French Revolution.

22. Implicitation

Implicitation is used to increase the meaning of the TL by not

explicitly rendering elements of information from the SL in the TL

(Delisle, Lee-Jahnke & Cormier, 1999:145). Bacher (2011:19) states

that implicitation is observed where a TL is less explicit (more implicit)

than the SL.

Example:

- SL: Be sure the iron is unplugged from the electrical outlet before

filling with water.

 - TL: Selalu lepaskan besi sebelum mengisi tangki.

B.4 Translation Process

According to Munday (2001:5), the process of translation is the act of

producing the translation, otherwise known as translating. Newmark (1988:19-25)

proposes three ways of translating as follow:

1. Choosing a method of approach whether the translator will translate the source

text sentence by sentence for the first paragraph or chapter, to get the feel and

the feeling tone of the text; or translate the source text after reading the whole

text two or three times, and finding intention, register, tone, mark the difficult

words and passages, then start translating when the translator has taken their

bearing.2.

2. Translating the translation with four levels, those are:

a. The SL text level (the textual level). In this level, the translator starts to

translate the SL to the TL by using literal translation and transposes the SL

grammar (clauses and groups) into the TL equivalents, then translates the

lexical unit into the appropriate sense.

b. The referential level. In this level, the translator visualizes and builds up the

essential parts of the text, both of the comprehension and the reproduction

process. In other words, the translator gains the perspective from the language.

c. The cohesive level. This level follows both of the structure and the moods of

the text. At this level, the translator reconsiders the lengths of paragraphs and

sentences, the formulation of the title, and the tone of the conclusion to

summarize an argument at the beginning of a final sentence.

 d. The level of naturalness. In this level, the translator attempts to make the

translation of common language appropriate to the writer or the speaker in a

certain situation. In other words, the translation product is making sense and

following the grammatical structure.

3. Revising the procedure of the translation which constitutes at least half of the

complete process.

B.5 “Avangers : Endgame” The Movie

a. Movie

Movie as a form of literature can be a very entertaining media. It can be proved

by the fact that almost every family in the world has at least one television set at
home. The reason that film become the most popular literature product is that it
offers moral values, produced in a many genres, interesting with many colorful
animation and special effects, easy and cheap to get, and often include language
and culture content. (Putri Anggraeni, Januarius Mujiyanto, 2019).

b. Subtitle

c. Avangers : Endgame

B.6 Previous Study

 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research methodology is an important element in this research activity. In this chapter

the authors include several aspect used to cunduct research on Subtitle Analysis of

Translation Procedures in Avangers Endgame Movie. It includes research design, data

source, data collection, data analysis, and concluding remaks.

3.1 Research Design

This study will employ a qualitative descriptive method. Qualitative method is

employed because the data of this research are in the form of words, phrases and

clauses. Descriptive method is used to describe the findings of the research, which

are the procedures used in translating the movie subtitle. In this research, the writer

only collect, classify and analyze the data, and in the end, draw conclusion based

on the data and total of analyzed the data will attached in appendix. As Creswell

(Chu, PH. and Chang, 2017) stated that “Qualitative research is an approach for

exploring and understanding the meaning individuals or group ascribe to a social

or human problem. The process of research involves emerging questions and

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procedures, data typically collected in the participant’s setting, data analysis

inductively building from particulars to general themes, and the researcher making

interpretations of the meaning of the data”. “Often the distinction between

qualitative research and quantitative research is framed in terms of using words

(qualitative) rather than numbers (quantitative), or using close-ended questions

(quantitative hypothesis) rather than open-ended questions (qualitative interview

questions).”

3.2 Data Source

The data of this research the transcript of the dialogue in Source Language,

English, and the subtitles in Target Language, Bahasa Indonesia. Both of the data

are found on a website named www.subscene.com. The source of data is from

Avangers:Endgame movie. The translator of subtitles in the website is

www.Zenomovie.com and the editor of the timing in the subtitles of Bahasa

Indonesia is Lebah Genteng. The primary data is taken from www.subscene.com

because both of them are well-matched with the dialogues in the movie.

3.3 Data Collection

According to (Creswell, 2013),data collection steps include setting the boundaries

for the study, collecting information through unstructured or semi structured

observation and interviews, documents, and visual materials, as well as

establishing the protocol for recording information. Without knowing the

technique to collect the data, the writer would not acquire the data that appropriate

with the needed to answer research. The writer also needs instruments as a tool in

collecting data. In this research, the writer use document analyzed as a technique

to collect the data.

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3.4 Data Analysis

First, Avangers:Endgame movie subtitles are taken as the data source of this

study. Both English and Bahasa Indonesia script are found on a web named

subscene. com. Second, the movie dialogues and the subtitles are matched in

order to write the whole translation of the movie subtitle. The entire subtitle in the

movie is written, both Bahasa Indonesia and English subtitle. Third, After writing

down the subtitles of the movie, the writer matches them with their translation in

Bahasa Indonesia. Then, the data are analyzed to find out the translation

procedures using Newmark’s theories. Lastly, based on the data analysis,

conclusions are drawn and suggestions are made.

The steps of analysis:

1. To start, the writer reads the subtitle of Avangers: Endgame both in English

and Bahasa Indonesia

2. The data will be collected by finding sentences which contain translation

procedures, The writer will look for the type and the most dominant

translation procedure used in this movie.

3. Then, the result can be interpreted by displaying the data in a form of table. If

the result is not matched to the category of analysis, the data should be

reviewed from the start by rechecking the subtitles of the movie.

4. Conclusion is drawn

3.5 Concluding Remarks

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