Name: Date:

A. Read the sample related literature then answer the questions that follow:
Behavioral Problems

The issues children's challenging behavior in schools is highly relevant in today's society and is
one of the most common causes of stress for teachers (Johnstone, 1993; Borg, 1990; Evers, 2004
& Head, 2005). There has been a significant body of work over the years relating to the
subject of disruptive pupil's behavior in schools (Hunter, 2003; Bru, 2006). The main focus of such
research was the development of a clearer concept of disruptive behavior in order to devise
strategies to which can be employed within the classroom to assist the teacher in dealing with such
behavior (Porfer, 2000).

Questions:
1. What is the theme/topic?
 The topic being discussed is the disruptive behavior of children at schools.

2. Who are the authors who cited that children’s behavior in school is highly relevant in
today’s society?

 There are four authors that have cited the aforementioned information and they
are Johnstone (1993), Borg (1990), Evers (2004), and Head (2005).

3. What information did Hunter (2009) and Bru (2006) cite?

 These two authors have referenced that there had been a significant body of literature
that relate to the subject that is being discussed in the passage.

B. Read the literature.

School Factors

Chua (2006), said that "The school is considered as children's second home, meaning it is
considered the extension of their own home. In school policies, attitudes and behaviors of
teachers, administrators, the students and also the overall atmosphere or school ethics,
determine the internal life on social, emotional and motivation climate of the school" (Kasen,
2004).
Cite the argument about school factors.

Chua (2006)

The school is considered as children's second home, meaning it is considered the extension of
their own home.

Kasen (2004)

Attitudes and behaviors of teachers, administrators, the students and also the overall atmosphere
or school ethics, determine the internal life on social, emotional and motivation climate of the
school.

Look for references. Document them as indicated below.

Books

One author

Horowitz, A. (2010). Inside of a Dog: What Dogs See, Smell, and Know (First TRADE
PAPERBACK Edition). Scribner.

Two authors

Howley, C. B., Howley, A., & Pendarvis, E. (2017). Out of Our Minds: Turning the Tide of
Anti-Intellectualism in American Schools (2nd ed.). Prufrock Press.

Journals

Three authors

Billings, D. M., Skiba, J., & Connors, H. R. (2005). Best practices in web-based courses:
Generational differences across undergraduate and graduate nursing students. Journal of
Professional Nursing, 21(2).

Four authors

Hung, M., Chou, C., Chen, C., & Own, Z. -Y. (2010). Learner readiness for online learning:
Scale development and student perceptions. Computers in Education, 55(3).
ASSESS

Read an excerpt from the related review of literature and studies. Answer the questions that follow.

Title: A Critical Exploration of Homeschooling in the Philippines, Grounded on the Experience of the
Homeschool Students

"Academic development of home-schooled children surprisingly belongs to the top of the list of
concerns that educators and parents are interested in. After all the development of knowledge and
academic skill are the very core of the teaching and learning process" (Breitborde & Swiniarski,
2006). A number of researchers have attempted to measure the effectiveness of homeschooling using
the scholastics development of the homeschooling children as the measure stick. Hill, (2006) revealed
that his study concluded that students who have been home Schooled their entire academic life prior to
tertiary education have higher scholastic achievement test scores compared with those who have
attended other educational programs in regular academic institution. However, Hill (2010) discloses the
inherent impediment of his study which is the absence of an accurate number of the homeschooling
population. Furthermore, Hill (2010) admits that it is still impossible to say whether, on the whole and
on average, homeschooling-students are doing much better than their public and private school
counterparts. Hence, scholastic development of home-schooled children must be appreciated not from a
norm-reference perspective where a group's performance is seen in light of another group's
performance. Rather, attempts to study the academic development of home-schooled students must be
approached with a criterion-reference perspective.

What are the research blank spots (unexplored area) in the literature?

Regarding the passage that has been shown, there are a few blank spots that one can gather from
it. The research does not include access to the inner experiences of the important people
involved in the study. The study does not include an opportunity to empathize and understand in
detail the dilemmas that concern the home-schooled students in general. Moreover, it does not
take into account the different struggles and implications that home-schooling has on the
students, parents, guardians, and similar people involved. Furthermore, we have to understand
that the study does not encapsulate all the other different aspects that are relevant to the growth
and development of a student as this study mainly focuses on the academic/scholastic aspect of
education.

What are the research blind spots (conflicting areas) in the literature?

With respect to the short excerpt that was given, there are also a few blind spots that we have.
These are the things that cannot be seen/said because of the method, definitions, or theoretical
approach. With that being said, this study cannot explain why the results are so. It cannot
explain why the home-schooled children are doing better than their non-home-schooled
counterparts. It does not reason out why the former is performing statistically better than the
latter in this certain aspect. Although it mentions that an accurate number may contribute to
such results, it does not explicitly blurt out why the test scores are the way that they are. It also
doesn’t explain why there is such a drastic difference in numbers between the two groups being
compared. Furthermore, it makes mention that initiatives to study the academic growth of
homeschooled pupils must take a criterion-reference method.
 Read then fill up the template that follows.

Family Involvement: Impact and Benefits

Carlisle, Stanley and Kemple (2006) defined family involvement as parents' investment of
resources in their children's education. Consequently, family involvement is a powerful influence
(Developed by the combined Elementary Task Forces of the Metropolitan Omaha Educational
Consortium (MOEC), Omaha, NE; University of Nebraska at Omaha, 1999) and a vital
component of a successful education (Tichenor, 1997). 'It also describes the various ways through
which parents and school can interact to promote learning as an important variable that positively
influences children's education. In a study of Sheldon and Epstein (2002), it was cited that school,
family and community corroborate with each other to create and maintain a safe school climate
conducive to learning.

The family makes a critical contribution to students' achievements (Shartrand, Weiss, Kreider and
Lopez, 1997). Involvement of parents can make a difference (Chua, 2006) and is beneficial to
students' performance and achievements in school. Davies (1991) (as cited by Onikama,
Hammond, and Koki, n.d.) revealed the value of family involvements (1) It provides all the tools
of the children's success (2) Involvement of the family builds and fosters the qualities of the child
which are then growth and development of the emotional, physical, intellectual and social aspects
and the shared responsibilities for the child. Family involvement in the child's education is
perceived as beneficial to both parents and the child for they develop a positive point of view and
perception of schooling (Baum, McMurrat-Schwarz, 2004). Pupils whose parents are deeply
involved in the learning process are characterized by increased student participation (Baum,
McMurray-Schwarz, 2004) high and better grades (Tichenor, 1997; BaumMcMurray-Schwarz,
2004; Ferrera and Ferrera, 2005) and improved self-esteem, behavior and motivation level
(Tichenor, 1997).

THEME SYNOPTIC ARGUMENT/S

Family involvement as parents' It describes the various ways through which parents and
investment of resources in their school can interact to promote learning as an important
Family children's education. Family variable that positively influences children's education.
Involvement involvement is a powerful influence School, family and community corroborate with each other
and a vital component of a successful to create and maintain a safe school climate conducive to
education. learning.
It provides all the tools of the children's success.
Involvement of the family builds and fosters the qualities of
The family makes a critical the child which are then growth and development of the
contribution to students' achievements. emotional, physical, intellectual and social aspects and the
Impacts and Involvement of parents can make a shared responsibilities for the child. Family involvement in
Benefits difference and is beneficial to students' the child's education is perceived as beneficial to both
performance and achievements in parents and the child for they develop a positive point of
school. view and perception of schooling. Pupils whose parents are
deeply involved in the learning process are characterized by
increased student participation high and better grades
Read then fill up the template.
Family Involvement: Availability
Interactions between home and school are important for these are strongly influential in the life
of a child, depending on the frequency and quality of the interactions (Onikama, Hammond and
Koki, nod.) The change of demographics (Ferrera M. and Ferrera P., 2005; Shartrand, Weiss,
Kreider and Lopez, 1997; Virginia Department of Education, 2002) - such as educational
attainment, nature of work, ethnical diversity, economic demands and language barriers
complicate the development *of strong, home-school partnership (Shartrand, Weiss, Kreider and
Lopez, 1997). Parents' demographic profile can indirectly or directly affect their perception of
their involvement in school affairs in behalf of their children. The extent of time available for
parents to support their children's learning particularly if it requires being present in school and
to interact with the children on personal matters is shrinking due to increased single parent and
dual income families (Virginia Department of Education, 2002)

THEME SYNOPTIC ARGUMENT/S

The change of demographics

such as educational attainment,
nature of work, ethnical
Interactions between home and
diversity, economic demands
school are important for these
and language barriers
are strongly influential in the
complicate the development of
life of a child, depending on the
strong, home-school
frequency and quality of the
partnership. The extent of time
Availability interactions. Parents'
available for parents to support
demographic profile can
their children's learning
indirectly or directly affect their
particularly if it requires being
perception of their involvement
present in school and to interact
in school affairs in behalf of
with the children on personal
their children.
matters is shrinking due to
increased single parent and dual
income families.