Engineering History and Technology

Engineering History &
Technology
Dr. AHMED YAKOUT
Lecture one
Introduction to Engineering
2
How to Be a Good Listener ?
To go away from a talk as a more informed person,
you should
1. Maintain natural eye contact with the speaker.
2. Show by your posture that you are alert and
interested.
3. Ignore distractions such as side talks or other
external noise.
4. Take notes on the speaker’s most important
points.
5. Be sure to turn off cell phones.
3
Course Specifications
a-Overall aims of course
By the end of the course, the students should be able to:
• 1-Demonstrate knowledge of the history of engineering
• 2-Demonstrate the various historical periods and the characteristics of
each period.
B- Intended learning outcomes of course (ILOs)

Knowledge and understanding:
• A1-Recognize the meaning of engineering
• A2-Define the different engineering periods
• A3-recognize historic innovations
4
GRADING
• Attendance (5)
• Participation (5)
• Quiz 1 (5)
• Quiz 2 (5)
• Report (10)
• Mid Term Exam (20)
• Quiz 3 (5)
• Presentation (15)
• Final Exam (30)
5
References
• Course notes: Soft copies of all the power
points presented in class by instructor are
made available to the students
• Text Book: A. Harms, B Baetx, and R. Volt,

Engineering in time, Imperial collage Press,
2004.
6
How will we communicate?
A Facebook group for our students
GEN 118 SPRING 2016
7
Course Content
• Introduction to Engineering
• History of Engineering
 Prehistoric Engineering (∼106 BC→∼104 BC)
 Ancient Engineering (∼8000 BC→∼500 AD)
 Medieval Engineering (∼500 AD→∼1400 AD)
 Renascent Engineering (∼1400→∼1800 AD)
 Expansive Engineering (∼1800→∼1940 AD)
 Modern Engineering (∼1940→∼1990 AD)
 Contemporary Engineering (∼1990→∼2000+ AD)
8
Presentation Outlines
• Define art, science and engineering

• The earliest civil engineer
• The development of civilizations and eras
9
ART
• Art is a term that describes a diverse range of

human activities which involve the creation of
images or objects in fields including painting,
sculpture, printmaking, photography, and other
visual media.
• Architecture is often introduced as one of
the visual arts
10
Types of Modern Art
• Static Art: or fixed Art like painting, sculpture,
printmaking, photography
• Dynamic Art: or moved Art like Music,
theatre, film, dance, Drama and other
performing arts
Detail of Leonardo da Vinci's

Mona Lisa
11
SCIENCE
• Science (from Latin scientia, meaning
"knowledge")
is a systematic enterprise that builds and
organizes knowledge in the form of testable
explanations and predictions about the
universe.
12
Engineering
The word “ Engineer” has its roots in the Latin

word “ Ingeniator” which means ingenious, to
devise in the sense of construct or craftsmanship.
• Engineering According to Dictionary

• Engineering is the design or building of
machines, engines or electrical equipment, or
things such as roads, railways or bridges, using
scientific principles
13
Engineering According to our Text Book
• Engineering represents creative thoughts and skilled
actions associated with the use of natural material
and phenomena in planning, designing, developing,
manufacturing, testing, implementing, improving
and disposing of devices.
Natural Clever
materials and
Creative thought
and their useful
and skilled
properties devices
actions
N (t) D (t)
E (t)
14
• The leading term N(t) represents nature as the
basic starting point of a most relevant
progression. N(t) may be characterized by
several attributes :
(a) Nature constitutes the resource of basic materials essential
to the practice of engineering (e.g. stone, wood, fiber, water,
metal, petroleum, ...).
(b) Nature embodies the physical phenomena of foundational
importance to the theory of engineering (e.g. hardness,
diffusion, heat, elasticity, friction, turbulence, ...).
(c) Nature possesses autonomous dynamical features of
relevance to the performance of engineered devices (e.g.
earthquakes, water cycle, hurricane winds , flash floods ...).
15
• The term D(t) identifies engineered devices.
Engineering practice suggests the following as
helpful working definitions for this term:
• A device may be an artifact, constructed or adapted but

invariably based on considerations of synthesis; it may be a
hardware object such as a tool, prosthesis, interactive
machine, software package, experimental know-how, etc.
• Or projection of information (e.g. book, clock face, monitor

display, ...), means of transportation (e.g. wagon‫ ﻣرﻛﺑﺔ‬,
parachute, aircraft, ...), serve the needs of sustenance (e.g.
water pipe, cutlery, flour mill‫ ﻣطﺣﻧﺔ اﻟدﻗﯾﻖ‬, ...), supply
entertainment (e.g. guitar, video, dynamic art, ...).
16
An Example from the STONE AGE
Natural Human action of Stone

Stone stone chipping tool
17
An Example from NOWADAYS
Engineering
Natural thought and Computer
Materials actions of design Chip
and manufacture
18
A comparison between Science and Engineering
The Aim Basic operations
Science Search for -The discovery of theories by using experiments

knowledge and - Analysis to find the suitable design
(To Know) theories to - Ask why?
know and - Experimental Design
understand -Logical skills
the universe
Engineering Innovation -Innovation – design – Production

systems, - Analysis – Imagine –deriving
(To work) equipment and - test – planning - Communication skills
check the - problem solving
needs of
society
19
The Earliest Civil Engineer
• The earliest civil engineer is known to be
(IMHOTEP ‫)اﻣﻧﺣﺗب‬. He probably designed and
supervised the construction of the Step
Pyramid at Saqqara in Egypt around 2630-
2611 BC
20
The development of civilizations and
eras
• The names of civilizations and eras:
1. Civilization of Ancient Egypt
2. Mesopotamian civilization
3. Civilization of India
4. Civilization of China
5. Civilization of Greece
6. Civilization of Rome
7. Civilization of Islam
8. Civilization of Europe
21
• This Civilizations can be divided according to the
historical times:
1. Ancient era (from 8000 BC until 500)
2. Renaissance era (from 1400 until 1800)
3. Modern era (from 1940 until now)
• Also it can be divided according to the materials of
engineering used:
1. Stone Age
2. Bronze Age
3. Iron Age
4. Steel Age
22

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Engineering History &

B- Intended learning outcomes of course (ILOs)

• Text Book: A. Harms, B Baetx, and R. Volt,

A Facebook group for our students

GEN 118 SPRING 2016

• Define art, science and engineering

• Art is a term that describes a diverse range of

Detail of Leonardo da Vinci's

The word “ Engineer” has its roots in the Latin

• Engineering According to Dictionary

• A device may be an artifact, constructed or adapted but

• Or projection of information (e.g. book, clock face, monitor

Natural Human action of Stone

Science Search for -The discovery of theories by using experiments

Engineering Innovation -Innovation – design – Production

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