LAB REPORT - Exp 5

Experiment 5/ Determination of Chloride Through Mohr Method
LABORATORY REPORT
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
CHM221
NAME STUDENT GROUP

NUMBER
Muhd Mirza Hizami bin Rajiei 2019289394 AS1153A
NAME OF LECTURER: DAYANGKU SITI NURFARIZA AWANG AHMAD SAFRI
Experiment 5/ Determination of Chloride Through Mohr Method

EXPERIMENT 5
DETERMINATION OF CHLORIDE THROUGH MOHR METHOD
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Titration is a process by which the concentration of an unknown substance in solution is

determined by adding measured amounts of a standard solution that reacts with the unknown.
Then the concentration of the unknown can be calculated using the stoichiometry of the reaction
and the number of moles of standard solution needed to reach the so called end point.
Precipitation titrations are based upon reactions that yield ionic compounds of limited solubility.
The most important precipitating reagent is silver nitrate. Titrimetric methods based upon silver
nitrate are sometimes termed argentometric methods. Potassium chromate can serve as an end
point indicator for the argentometric determination of chloride, bromide and cyanide ions by
reacting with silver ions to form a brick-red silver chromate precipitate in the equivalence point
region. The Mohr method uses chromate ions as an indicator in the titration of chloride ions with
a silver nitrate standard solution. After all the chloride has been precipitated as white silver
chloride, the first excess of titrant results in the formation of a silver chromate precipitate, which
signals the end point (1). The reactions are:
Ag+ + Cl- → AgCl (s)

2Ag+ + CrO42- → Ag2CrO4 (s)
By knowing the stoichiometry and moles consumed at the end point, the amount of chloride in
an unknown sample can be determined. This report describes experiments aimed at
determining the concentration of chloride in a solid sample.
2.0 OBJECTIVE(S)
To determine the amount of chloride ion in a sample of seawater through Mohr method.
3.0 PROCEDURE IN SCHEMATIC FORM
3.1 Preparation and Standardisation of AgNO3 Solution with NaCl

3.2 Determination of Cl- in Unknown Seawater Sample
4.0 RESULTS / DATA
Table 5.1: Standardisation of AgNO3

Burette reading 1 2 3
Vol of AgNO3 10.90 mL 10.70 mL 10.80 mL
Average volume of titrant: 10.80 mL
Table 5.2: Standardisation of AgNO3Solution

Molarity of NaCl 0.043 M
Volume of NaCl solution 25 mL

Volume of titrant (AgNO3) 10.80 mL
Table 5.3: Titration of Seawater Sample with AgNO3

Titration 1 2 3
Volume of titrant used 16.10 mL 16.13 mL 16.10 mL
Average volume of titrant (AgNO3): 16.11 mL
5.0 CALCULATION
Reactions:
Cl– (aq)+ Ag+(aq) → AgCl(s) (white precipitate) (1)
CrO42-(aq) + 2Ag+(aq) → Ag2CrO4 (s) (orange – red precipitate) (2)
5.1 Standardisation of AgNO3 solution

a) Based on Table 5.2 and Equation (1), calculate the exact molarity of AgNO3 solution.
M1V1 = M2V2
(0.043)(0.1) = M2(0.25)
M2 = 0.0172 M
5.2 Determination of Cl- ions concentration in seawater sample.
a) Based on Table 5.3, Equation (1) and the exact molarity of AgNO3 calculated in A,
calculate the mole of chloride ions (Cl-) in the 10 Ml aliquot of diluted seawater.
AgNO3 + Cl- → AgCl + NO3-
M1VI = M2V2
(0.0172)(0.0161) = M2(0.01)
Mole of Cl-
M=n/L
0.00277 = n / 0.01
n = 2.77 x 10-5
b) Calculate the mole of chloride ions (Cl-) in the original seawater. (remember dilution factor)
Molarity NaCl = 0.043 M 1 mol NaCl : 1 mol Cl-

Volume sample = 20 mL = 0.02 L 8.6 x 10-4 : 8.6 x 10-4
nNaCl = 0.043 x 0.02 mol of Cl- = 8.6 x 10-4
= 8.6 x 10-4
c) The number of mole Cl- ions is equal to the number of mole of NaCl. Calculate the
concentration of sodium chloride, NaCl (58.5) in the seawater in
i) g/L
n = m / mm
n of NaCl = 8.6 x 10-4 mol
8.6 x 10-4 = m / 58.5
m = 0.0506 , V = 0.02 L
ii) %w/v
(weight of solute / volume of sample) x 100%

(0.0506 g / 20 mL) x 100% = 0.25%
5.0 QUESTIONS
a) In the Mohr method, name the indicator used and explain how the end point was detected?
Mohr method uses chromate ions (CrO42-) as the indicator for the argentometric
determination of bromide, chloride and cyanide ions. The first substance to precipitate is the
least soluble AgCl then, after the point of equivalence, the first addition to excess leads to
the precipitation of Ag2CrO4 which is brick red in colour. The end point of the titration occurs
when all the chloride ions are precipitated. Then additional silver ions react with the chromate
ions of the indicator, potassium chromate, to form a red-brown precipitate of silver chromate.
b) Explain why the Mohr method must be carried out in a neutral solution?
Solution during titration should be close to neutral. In low pH silver chromate solubility
grows due to the protonation of chromate anions, in high pH silver starts to react with
hydroxide anions, precipitating in form of AgOH and Ag2O. Both processes interfere with the
determination accuracy
6.0 CONCLUSION
All titration processes were done in three trials. The average volume of titrant for standardization
of AgNO3 is 10.80 mL whereas the average volume of titrant for seawater sample is 16.11 mL.
The chloride ions can be determined through this Mohr method.
7.0 REFERENCES

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Experiment 5/ Determination of Chloride Through Mohr Method

NAME STUDENT GROUP

NAME OF LECTURER: DAYANGKU SITI NURFARIZA AWANG AHMAD SAFRI

Experiment 5/ Determination of Chloride Through Mohr Method

Titration is a process by which the concentration of an unknown substance in solution is

Ag+ + Cl- → AgCl (s)

3.1 Preparation and Standardisation of AgNO3 Solution with NaCl

Table 5.1: Standardisation of AgNO3

Vol of AgNO3 10.90 mL 10.70 mL 10.80 mL

Average volume of titrant: 10.80 mL

Table 5.2: Standardisation of AgNO3Solution

Volume of NaCl solution 25 mL

Table 5.3: Titration of Seawater Sample with AgNO3

Average volume of titrant (AgNO3): 16.11 mL

Cl– (aq)+ Ag+(aq) → AgCl(s) (white precipitate) (1)

CrO42-(aq) + 2Ag+(aq) → Ag2CrO4 (s) (orange – red precipitate) (2)

5.1 Standardisation of AgNO3 solution

AgNO3 + Cl- → AgCl + NO3-

Molarity NaCl = 0.043 M 1 mol NaCl : 1 mol Cl-

(weight of solute / volume of sample) x 100%

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