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Short Notes #125 External Radiation: A Linear Accelerator

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Short Notes #125 External Radiation: A Linear Accelerator

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SN#125

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Short Notes #125 External Radiation: A Linear Accelerator

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Short Notes #125

External Radiation

External Beam Radiation Therapy ) is the most common type of radiation therapy A machine is
used to aim high-energy rays (or beams) from outside the body into the tumor.
Types of external radiation therapy
 Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) delivers radiation beams from
different directions
 Image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) is a form of 3D-CRT wher imaging scans (like a CT
scan) are done before each treatment..
 Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is like 3D-CRT, but it also changes the
strength of some of the beams in certain areas.
 Helical-tomotherapy delivers many small beams of radiation at the tumor from different
angles around the body.
 Photon beam radiation therapy. Photons are used in treatments that are given by a
machine called a linear accelerator. The photon beams are invisible and cannot be felt
when they are passing through the skin to the cancer.
 Proton beam radiation therapy. Protons are parts of atoms that cause little damage to
tissues they pass through but are very good at killing cells at the end of their path. Protons
can only be put out by a special machine called a cyclotron or synchrotron..
 Stereotactic radiosurgery gives a large dose of radiation to a small tumor area, It’s used
for brain tumors and other tumors inside the head. It's called "radiosurgery" Treatment
outside the brain is called stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). SBRT may be used
for certain lung, spine, and liver tumors.
 Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT)

Types of Beams Used in Radiation Therapy Radiation beams used in external radiation
therapy come from three types of particles:
 Photons -Photons are also used in x-rays
 Protons-Protons are particles with a positive charge
 Electrons-Electrons are particles with a negative charge

Radiation shielding is based on the principle of attenuation, which is the ability to reduce a
wave’s or ray’s effect by blocking or bouncing particles through a barrier material.
 Gamma and X-rays Shielding:
 Neutron Shielding: .
 Alpha and Beta Particles:

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