Practical No.

1: Test the different sections of mobile phone

I. Practical Significance:

Today we can connect to the network from anywhere, with anybody, at anytime. Mobile
phones play a very important role in making this connectivity possible. A knowledge
of the various components of the mobile handset helps in troubleshooting and
maintenance of the handsets. A mobile phone consists of various sections that include
transmitter/receiver section, buzzer and vibrator section, power supply section, display
section, SIM card section. This practical will help the students to test different sections
of the mobile phone unit.

II. Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

PO2- Discipline knowledge: Apply Information Technology knowledge to solve broad-based
Information Technology related problems.
PO3- Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the results
to solve Information Technology related problems.
PO4- Engineering Tools: Apply appropriate Information Technology related
techniques/tools with an understanding of the limitations.
PO6- Environment and sustainability: Apply Information Technology related engineering
solutions for sustainable development practices in environmental contexts.
PO10- Life-long learning: Engage in independent and lifelong learning along with the
technological changes also in the IT and allied industry.

III. Competency and Practical Skills

This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified competency
’Maintain Wireless and Mobile Networks’.
1. Identify the various sections of mobile handsets.
2. Install the SIM card in the mobile phone.
3. Measure voltages & draw waveforms at the output of different sections of mobile
phone.

IV. Relevant Course Outcome(s)

Select cellular Mobile system standard.

V. Practical Outcome(PrOs)
Identify different sections and components of mobile phone such as ringer section, dialer
section, receiver section and transmitter section, camera, microphone, speaker and
flash light.

VI. Relevant Affective Domain related Outcome(s)

1. Handle equipment carefully.
2. Demonstrate working as a leader / a team member. 3. Follow ethical practices 4.
Follow safety practices.
VII. Minimum Theoretical Background
A mobile phone also known as a cellular phone, cell phone, hand phone, or simply a phone
is a phone that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link while moving
around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided
by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to the public telephone network.

Figure 1: Block diagram of Mobile Unit

RF section:
RF signal is filtered and down converted to analog baseband signals in the RF section.
RF section consists of 2 main circuits i.e. Transmitter and Receiver. Analog
Baseband / Voice band Codec:
Analog baseband signals from RF receiver section are filtered, sampled, and digitized
before being fed to the DSP section. The coded speech digital information from
DSP section are sampled and converted to analog baseband signals which is then
fed to the RF transmitter section. The voice speech from the microphone is
digitized and coded to a certain bit rate (13kbps for GSM) using the appropriate
coding scheme. The received voice call binary information are decoded and converted
in the speaker. DSP / Microprocessor:
The digital signal processor (DSP) is designed to perform signal manipulation
calculations at high speed. The microprocessor handles all signaling for the keyboard
and display; deals with command and control signaling with the base station and also
coordinates the rest of the functions on the board. Flash Memory, ROM, SRAM
(SIM card):
The ROM, SRAM, and Flash memory chips provide storage for the phone's
operating system and customizable features, such as the phone directory. The SIM
card stores the subscriber’s identification number and other network information.
Power Management / DC- DC:
This section regulates from the battery all the voltages required to the different Phone
sections.
Transmitter and Receiver section: Signal to the transmitter is the audio signal from
the microphone of the mobile handset. This analog / audio signal is converted
into digital signal by the ADC. It is further modulated by the GMSK scheme and
the modulated signal is transmitted through a transmitting antenna. The signal to the
receiver is the modulated signal which is demodulated into digital signal. This digital
 signal is converted into analog form with the help of DAC. The analog signal is then
given to the speaker.

VIII. Work Situation

1. Faculty will demonstrate to identify and test different sections of mobile unit and
functions.

Stepwise Procedure:
1. Connect power to the trainer kit, insert SIM card in the position provided and switch
the power supply ON.

a. Testing of Tx/Rx Section:

1. Make a call from trainer to the trainer from other mobile or landline phone and
keep it ON.
2. Check the signal on spectrum analyser and record the same.
3. Make a call from trainer to other mobile or landline phone and keep it ON.
4. Check the signals on spectrum analyzer and record the same.
b. Testing of Battery and Battery charger section:
1. Measure the Battery voltages at different test points on multimeter and record
it.
2. Measure the Battery charger voltage on multimeter and record it.
c. Testing of Power Management Unit:
1. Measure the voltages at different test points of power management unit of
mobile phone on multimeter and record it.
d. Testing of LCD Display Section:
1. Measure the voltages at different test points of LCD display section of mobile
phone unit.
e. Testing of SIM card Section:
1. Measure the voltage at the different pins of SIM card on multimeter and record
it.
2. Check the clock signal on CRO/Spectrum analyzer.
f. Testing of User Interface Section/Ringer,Dialer Section:
1. Make a call to trainer kit.
2. Observe the condition like LED ON melody ringtone ringing and vibrator motor
running.
3. Check the various signals of this section on CRO/Spectrum analyzer and record
the same.
IX. Resources required (Additional)
S. Instrument Specification Quantity Remarks
No. /Components
1. GSM Trainer Kit 2G/3G/4G GSM Trainer Kit 1 No.

2. SIM card Any type micro, Nano or 1 No.

Standard SIM
3. CRO/DSO 20MHz,dual trace, dual beam 1 No.

4. Spectrum 1GHz 1 No.

analyzer
5. DMM 3 1/2 Digit 1 No.

6. Connecting Wires Banana plugs 4 No.

X. Observations
Tx/Rx Section
Test Points Observed Voltage
Tx signal at Antenna
Rx signal at Antenna
Tx IQ signals
Rx IQ signals
Battery and Battery Charger Section
Test Points Standard Voltage(V) Observed Voltage
Battery Voltage TP 12 3.7V approx. 3.6 V
Battery Status Indicator
when battery is discharge 0V 0V
TP 13
Battery Status Indicator
when battery is charging 0.5V approx. 0.4 V
TP 13
Battery Ground 0V 0V
Battery Charger Supply 6V approx. 54 V
Charger Voltage 6V approx. 4V

Power Management Unit

Test Points Standard Voltage(V) Observed Voltage
Battery Voltage 3.7V approx. 3.6 V
VCC TP 51 3.7V approx. 3.6 V
V RF TP 52 2.8V approx. 2.7 V
VDD IO TP 53 1.8V approx. 1.7V
VDD INT TP 54 2.8V approx. 2.7 V
V CPU TP 55 1.8V approx. 1.7 V
VCTCXO TP 56 2.8V approx. 2.7 V
LCD Section
Test Points Standard Voltage(V) Observed Voltage
LCD operating Voltage
3.8V approx. 3.7 V
TP 6
LED operating Voltage
1.8V approx. 1.7 V
TP 7
Write Enable Signal TP 8 -
Display control signal
-
TP 9
I/O Voltage TP 10 2.8V approx. 2.6 V
Reset Voltage TP 11 1.6V approx. 1.4 V
LCD Reset 6V approx. 4V
LCD Voltage Tripler
-10V approx. -5 V
TP 33
LCD Voltage Tripler
10V approx. 4V
TP 37
LCD Voltage TP 34 6V approx. 5V
LCD Voltage TP 35 -10V approx. 5V
LCD Clock TP 36 0V approx 0

SIM Section
Test Points Standard Voltage(V) Observed Voltage
SIM VCC 2.8V approx. 2.7 V
SIM Reset 2V approx. 1V
Observe Frequency
SIM Clock 3.1 V
3.2MHz
SIM Data 2.8V approx. 2.4 V
SIM Supply Voltage 2V approx. 1V
SIM GND GND 0
Input Charging Voltage 6.9V approx. 6.7 V
Output Charging Voltage 3.6V approx. 3.4 V

User Interface Section/Ringer, Dialer Section

Test Points Standard Voltage(V) Observed Voltage
Buzzer PWM Control
5V approx. 4V
Signal
Vibrator PWM Control
5V approx. 3V
Signal
LED ON and OFF 2V approx. 1V
XI. Practical related Questions
Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. Teachers must design
more such questions to ensure the achievement of identified CO.
1. State the frequency spectrum allocated for GSM and the bandwidth of each channel.
2. State the number of pins of SIM in a mobile phone.
3. State the information in SIM.
4. Write advantages and disadvantages and security services offered by GSM.
5. Write the two basic reasons for a handover in GSM.

XII. Exercise
Note: Faculty must ensure that every group of students use different input value.
(Use blank space for answers or attach more pages if needed)
Problem Statement:
Using the following data for a GSM 1800 network, calculate, Average busy hour
traffic per subscriber, Traffic capacity/ cell, Required no. of BS/ zone, the hexagonal
cell radius for zone Given Data
Subscriber usage/month=150 min/Days/month= 24,Busy hrs/day = 6,
Allocated spectrum = 4.8MHz,Frequency reuse plan= 4/12,RF
channel width= 200 KHz (FR),
Present no. of subscribers in the zone= 50000,
Subscriber growth = 5%/ year, Capacity of BS TxRx ( BTS) = 30 Erlangs, Area
of zone = 500 Km2,Network rollover period = 4 yrs

Plot and Observe the graphs using MATLAB and Simulink.

1. Total no. of subs. in initial installation verses Subs growth in %
2. Total no. of BTS/zone verses Subs growth in %
3. Hexagonal cell radius for zone verses Subs growth in %

(Space for answers)

XIII. Practical related Questions
1) State the frequency spectrum allocated for GSM and the bandwidth of each channel.
ANS
This extended GSM, E-GSM, uses frequency range 880-915 MH2 (Uplink) and 925-960
MH2 (Downlink), adding 50 channels (Channel number 975 to 1023 and 0) to the Original
GSM 900 Bond.
2) State the number of pins of SIM in a mobile phone
ANS FOUR
3) Write advantages and disadvantages and security services offered by GSM
ANS
Advantages:
It provides very cost-effective products and solutions. The GSM signal does not have
any deterioration inside the office and home premises. It is easy to integrate GSM with
other wireless technology-based devices such as CDMA, LTE etc. The Phone works
based on SIM card and hence it is easy to change the different varieties of phones by
 users. GSM technology has been matured since long and hence GSM mobile Phones
and modems are widely available across the world.
Disadvantages:
Many of the GSM technologies are patended by qualcomm and hence licenses need to
be installed. In odder to increase the coverage repeaters are required to be installed.
GSM provides limited data rate capability for higher data rate GSM advanced version
device are used. GSM uses FTDMA access scheme. GSM uses pulse based burst
transmission technology and hence it interferes with certain electronics due to this fact
airplanes, petrol banks and hospital prevent use of GSM based mobile or other gadgets.
Security Services:
GSM is the most secured cellular telecommunications system available today. GSM
has its security methods standardized. GSM maintains end-to-end security by retaining
the confidentiality of calls and anonymity of the GSM subscriber.
GSM provides an additional level of security by having a way to change the ciphering
key, making the system more resistant to eavesdropping. The ciphering key may be
changed at regular intervals as required. As in case of the authentication process, the
computation of the ciphering key (Kc) takes place internally within the SIM. Therefore,
sensitive information such as the individual subscriber authentication key (Ki) is never
revealed by the SIM.
4) State the information in SIM
ANS
A SIM card contains its unique serial number (ICCID), international mobile subscriber
identity (IMSI) number, security authentication and ciphering information, temporary
information related to the local network, a list of the services the user has access to, and
two passwords: a personal identification number (PIN) for ordinary use.
The SIM circuit is part of the function of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC)
physical smart card, which is usually made of PVC with embedded contacts and
semiconductors. SIM cards are transferable between different mobile devices.
Exercise
XIII. References / Suggestions for further Reading
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ju9uXV-RJY
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fYRFelGABk8
3. www.mobilecellphone repairing.com

XIV. Assessment Scheme

Performance indicators Weightage
Process related (15 Marks) 60%
1. Proper handling of the equipment 20%
2. Identifying the various blocks and Test points 20%
3. Inserting the SIM card properly and measurement of 20%
voltage
Product related (10 Marks) 40%
4. Practical related questions and Results 20%
5. Completion and submission of practical in time 10%
6. Expected Output/Observation 10%
Total (25 Marks) 100%

List of student Team Members

1. Anjali Sharma
2. Rushikesh Mahajan
3. Mayur Savle

Dated signature of
Marks Obtained
Teacher
Process Product Total
Related(15) Related(10) (25)