Internal Combustion Engine

Fundamentals

 Jeffrey B. Burl and Duane Abata

Michigan Tech University
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

Slide 01

D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

 pressure = force
area

force = pressure x area

Slide 02

D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

 pressure = force
area

force = pressure x area

Slide 03

D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

Slide 04

D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

ignition system

Slide 05 crank mechanism

D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

intake system

ignition system

Slide 06 crank mechanism

D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

intake system
exhaust system

ignition system

Slide 07 crank mechanism

D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

intake system
thermostat exhaust system
cooling system

ignition system

Slide 08 crank mechanism

D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

intake system
thermostat exhaust system
cooling system

ignition system

lubrication system

Slide 09
crankcase vent
D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics
 fuel 

air  air + fuel 

    e 
    r
    u 
    s 
    s 
    e 
    r
    p  

$ 

volume
TDC   BDC 

Slide 10

D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

    e 
    r
    u 
    s 
    s 
    e 
    r
    p  
stoichiometric mixture
$ 
$ 

volume
TDC   BDC 

Slide 11

D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

    e 
    r
    u 
    s 
    s 
    e 
$ 
    r
    p  

$ 
$ 

volume
TDC   BDC 

Slide 12

D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

$ 
    e 
    r
    u 
    s 
    s 
    e 
$ 
    r
    p  

$ 
$ 

volume
TDC   BDC 

Slide 13

D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

$ 
$ 
    e 
    r
    u 
    s 
    s 
    e 
$ 
    r
    p  

$ 
$ 

volume
TDC   BDC 

Slide 14

D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

$ 
$ 
    e 
    r
    u 
    s 
    s 
    e 
$ 
    r
    p  
$ 
$ 
$ 

volume
TDC   BDC 

Slide 15

D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

$ 
$ 
    e 
    r
    u 
    s 
    s 
    e 
$ 
    r
    p  
$ 
$  $ 
$ 

volume
TDC   BDC 

Slide 16

D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

$ 
$ 
    e 
    r
    u 
    s 
    s 
    e 
$ 
    r
    p  
$ 
$  $  $ 
$ 

volume
TDC   BDC 

Slide 17

D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

Work = (pressure x volume)

 positive work 
$ 
$ 
    e 
    r
    u 
    s 
    s 
    e 
$ 
    r
    p  
$ 
$  $  $ 
$ 
exhaust gas residual

volume
TDC   BDC 

negative work 

Slide 18

D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics - Some Problems
intake tuning  exhaust tuning  emissions

mixture preparation combustion, autoignition CxHx

CO
wear 
 NOx

inertia

Slide 18
lubrication
D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

    e 
    r
    u 
    s 
    s 
    e 
    r
    p  

volume
TDC   BDC 

negligible negative work 

The Diesel Engine

D. Abata
 10000 - 20000
20000 psi
psi

Internal Combustion Engine Basics

The Diesel Engine

D. Abata
 Internal Combustion Engine Basics

The Two Stroke Engine

Slide 01
D. Abata
 Internal Combustion Engine Basics

The Two Stroke Engine

Slide 02
D. Abata
 Internal Combustion Engine Basics

The Two Stroke Engine

Slide 03
D. Abata
 Internal Combustion Engine Basics

The Two Stroke Engine

Slide 04
D. Abata
 Internal Combustion Engine Basics

The Two Stroke Engine

Slide 05
D. Abata
 Internal Combustion Engine Basics

The Two Stroke Engine

Slide 06
D. Abata
 Summary
• two engine/fuel types
 –  gasoline (premixed)
 Four Stroke Gasoline Engine  –  diesel (diffusion)

• four stroke, two stroke

 Four Stroke Diesel Engine
 –  intake
 –  compression
 –   power 
Two Stroke Gasoline Engine  –  exhaust

•  problem areas
 –   performance
 –  emissions
 Why?

5,000,000,000 engines
(one engine for every man, woman and child in the world)