"Collect Information of Pneumatic Operated Equipments'": Mechanical Engineering

A
MICRO-PROJECT REPORT
ON
“COLLECT INFORMATION OF
‘PNEUMATIC OPERATED
EQUIPMENTS’”
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted by
Name of Student Enrollment No

Pathan Affan Rajjak 1711640113
Chavan Ashutosh Ganpat 1711640131
Kandekar Sachin Haribhau 1711640126
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Prof. Gore P.M.

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SONIYA GANDHI POLYTECHNIC
SHRIGONDA-413701
(2020-2021)
SONIYA GANDHI POLYTECHNIC

SHRIGONDA-413701
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Micro-Project Report entitled
“COLLECT INFORMATION OF
‘PNEUMATIC OPERATED
EQUIPMENTS’”
Submitted by

Is the bonafied work completed in the academic year 2020-21

under my supervision and guidance?
Prof. Gore P.M. Prof. Kale M.G.
GUIDE HOD
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the Micro-Project Report entitled COLLECT

INFORMATION OF ‘PNEUMATIC OPERATED EQUIPMENTS’was carried out
and written by us under the guidance of Prof. Gore P.M. Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Soniya Gandhi Polytechnic, Shrigonda. This work has not been
previously formed the basis for the award of any Diploma, Degree or Certificate.
Date: -
Place:-

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We express our sincere gratitude to Prof. Gore P.M. of Mechanical

Engineering Department for giving us an opportunity to accomplish Micro-Project
Report on COLLECT INFORMATION OF ‘PNEUMATIC OPERATED
EQUIPMENTS’Without his active support and guidance, this seminar would not have
beensuccessfully completed.
We also thankful to respected HOD Prof. Kale M.G. as our guide as well as
project coordinator for consistent support, guidance & averted help in this seminar. We
are highly indebted for his help.
We are also thankful to all faculty members of Mechanical Engineering

Department for their valuable suggestion and those who help us directly or indirectly
to complete our Micro-Project Work.
INDEX
Sr. No. Chapter Name Page No.
01 Introduction 1
02 Principal 2
03 Preface 3
04 Content 04-07
05 Working 08-11
06 Specifications 12-13
07 Applications 14
08 Types 15-16
O9 Advantages And Disadvantages 17-18
10 Conclusion and Recommendations 19
11 Goals 20
12 Reference 21
COLLECT INFORMATION OF PNEUMATIC OPERATED EQUIPMENT 2021
Chapter 1
Introduction
The formation of any business begins with someone producing the

initial idea for the project. The continued success of an established
business depends upon the number and quality of the ideas fed into
it.
Without a continual flow of new ideas, a business cannot function
profitably or expand successfully and must, therefore eventually
fade into total obscurity.
Ideas for a new business project, a new product, a means of
reducing manufacturing costs or for solving industrial labour
problems, begin in the human mind.
Most people conceive their ideas unconsciously, and because they
are unaware of the mental mechanics that caused the ‘idea’ to be
produced, they cannot repeat the ideation process to produce
further profitable ideas at will.
Fortunately, there are available established creative techniques
which, when used correctly, do enable a person to produce a large
number of first-class ideas at will.
One such creative technique, and probably the most widely used in
American industry, is ’brainstorming’.
MECH. ENGG. DEPT. SGP SHRIGONDA (2021-2022) 1

Chapter 2
PRINCIPLE
Pneumatics, from the Greek (pneumatikos, coming from the wind) is the
use of pressurized gases to do work in science and technology. Pneumatics was
first documented by Hero of Alexandria in 60 A.D., but the concept had existed
before then. Pneumatic products represent a multi-billion dollar industry today.
Pneumatic devices are used in many industrial applications. Generally
appropriate for applications involving less force than hydraulic applications, and
typically less expensive than electric applications, most pneumatic devices are
designed to use clean dry air as an energy source. The actuator then converts
that compressed air into mechanical motion. The type of motion produced
depends on the design of the actuator. Pneumatics is employed in a variety of
settings.
In dentistry applications, pneumatic drills are lighter, faster and simpler
than an electric drill of the same power rating, because the prime mover, the
compressor, is separate from the drill and pumped air is capable of rotating the
drill bit at extremely high rpm. Pneumatic transfer systems are employed in
manyindustries to move powders and pellets.
Pneumatic devices are also used where electric motors cannot be used for
safety reasons, such as mining applications where rock drills are powered by air
motors to preclude the need for electric motors deep in the mine where explosive
gases may bepresent.

Chapter 3
Preface
The objective of the project is to prepare a machine which cuts sheet

metal without human efforts but operates pneumatically. Compressed air is used
as working media. The compressed air moves the blades of machine to cut the
sheet of metal.
The idea of the project generated due to a manual sheet metal sheering
machine in workshop of our college. In that machine sheet metal is placed in
between the two sheering blades of machine and the lever is pulled down to
move the upper movable blade and cut the work-piece.
But in that machine large force is required which can make tire to a
worker who continuously works on it for mass production in large scale
industry; so to reduce the human efforts pneumatic machine should chose.
Hence for some development of machine, we have chosen this subject for our
project. We hope that a good idea will develop and we can use it in many
industries in surrounding and our practical knowledge, team-working skill,
leadership skills will be improved.

Chapter 4
Contents
Construction
 Raw Material Used-

1. Mild Steel bars for base frame.
2. 35C8 material for shearing blades.
3. Cylinder fittings like fork end, base plates, support links.
4. Angle section for blade fitting.
5. Connecting link.
6. Blade link.

 Ready Items Used-

1. Pneumatic double acting cylinder.
2. Direction & flow control valves.
3. Pneumatic pipe & pipe fittings.
4. Bolts & nuts.

5. Antirust coat & paint.
 Machines & Tools Used-
1. Cutting Machine.
2. Hacksaw Cutting Machine.
3. Sensitive Drilling Machine.
4. Horizontal Milling Machine.
5. Electric Arc Welding Machine.
6. Table Grinder.
7. Hand Grinder.
8. Surface Grinding Machine.
9. Tap & Tap Holder.

1. Base Frame-DESIGN
Quantity: 1 Height:
300mmLength: 900mm
Width: 300mm Weight:
5kg
2. Shearing Blade-
Quantity: 2 Length:
300mm Height: 60mm
Thickness: 15mmBlade
Angle: 15o Weight:

3.5kg
3. Base Plate-
Quantity: 1
Height: 65mm
Width: 65mm
Thickness:
6mm
4. Fork End-
Quantity: 1
Length:
75mmWidth:
20mm
5. Thickness: 5mmAngle Section-
Quantity: 1 Height:
45mm Length: 300mm
Width: 45mm
Thickness: 7mmWeight:
0.5kg

6. Connecting Link-
Quantity: 1 Length:
360mmThickness: 5mm
Height: 25mm Weight:
0.3kg
7. Support Links-
Quantity: 2 Height:
90mmWidth: 25
Thickness: 5
8. Blade Link-
Quantity: 1
Height: 90mm
Width: 20mm
Thickness:
5mm
Welded Length: 30mm

Chapter 5
Working
The following figure shows general layout for the machine.
Figure: General Layout

Initially the air-compressor is started and allowed the receiver tank air pressure to reach up to 8
bar. The supply air is then passed to the manifold through FRL unit to condition the air and eligible to
industrial use.
From the manifold a separate supply for the machine is taken out and given to ON-OFF
switch, so as to operate the machine at will without interrupting the running of compressor.
Then the pipe carries compressed air first to machine’s Direction Control Valve. At position
‘A’ shows the non-actuated circuit diagram. At this position the piston is steady and locked. All ports
are in closed condition.

Position ‘A’

At position ‘B’, the DC valve is at left hand position as shown in figure. The cap end port &
pressure port get connected to each other and the rod end port gets connected to the exhaust port. The
compressed air comes in the cap end of the cylinder and pushes the pistons outwards. The air already
present in the rod end side ispushed out of the cylinder.
When the piston moves outwards, the force is transmitted through the connecting link and the
upper blade moves downwards. Before the actuating DC valve the sheet is inserted in between the
upper & lower blades. As upper blade moves downwards, the stress is generated in the sheet metal
and goes beyond ultimate shear stress of sheet metal. And thus the shearing action takes place.
Now the DC valve is operated to come at position ‘C’, as shown in figure. The rod end port &
pressure port get connected to each other and the cap end port gets connected to the exhaust port. The
compressed air comes in the rod end of the cylinder and pushes the pistons inwards. The air already
present in the cap endside is pushed out of the cylinder.
The sheet metal is either again inserted for further cutting incase of large pieces; the small cut
pieces are removed and the next sheet is inserted to cut.

Position ‘B’
Chapter 6

Chapter 6
Specification
1. Pneumatic Cylinder-
Quantity: 1
Total Length: 375mm Bore:
40mm
Stroke: 200mm
Piston Rod Diameter: 20mm

Max Working Pressure: 8 bar
Weight: 3kg
2. DC Valve-
Quantity: 1
Operation: Manual
Type: Hand Lever, Detent Type
Number of Ports: 5
Number of Positions: 3 Construction:
Sliding spool type
3. Pneumatic Pipe-
Quantity: 3000mm
Diameter: 8mm Thickness:
1mm
4. Fork End Nut-

Quantity: 2
Length: 16mm
Size: M16

5. Cylinder Base Plate Bolts-
Quantity: 4
Length: 32mm
Size: M6
6. Blade Fixing Bolts-

Quantity: 3
Length: 25mm
Size: M10
7. Connecting Link Bolts-

Quantity: 2
Length: 45mm
Size: M6

Chapter 7
Applications
Applications of Pneumatic System
2. Pneumatic Drill Machine

3. Pneumatic Suction Machine
4. Pneumatic Wrench
5. Pneumatic Conveyor System
6. Pneumatic Adjustable Table
7. Pneumatic Jack
8. Pneumatic Brake
9. Pneumatic Brake
10. Pneumatic Clamp
11. A double acting cylinder is used for embossing slide rules
12. Pins are to be fed to the next processing station using a
double-acting cylinder
13. Pneumatically controlled press with a stamping die
14. Arrangement for pushing work-piece
15. Small riveting machine with lever
16. An application using a toggle
17. An application using a toggle
18. Work piece clamping in Hacksaw cutting machine

Chapter 8
Types
Air Compressor
As an air exhausting mechanism, this pneumatic equipment component sucks in
outside air, compresses it and harnesses the air for use in your process.
Pneumatic Cylinders
A mechanical device used in a pneumatic system that produces force via
compressed air is a cylinder. Once pneumatic cylinders are actuated, compressed
air enters into the tube at one end of the piston and imparts force on the piston. This
causes the piston to move.
Pneumatic Fittings
Fittings provide control for your process. They connect valves and provide leak-
free pneumatic movement.

Tubing
Pneumatic tubing and hose convey pressurized air to actuators, valves, tools and
other devices.
Pneumatic Valves
To ensure your pneumatic device runs efficiently, you need controlled air flow.

Chapter 9
MERITS & DEMERITS
Advantages and Disadvantages of Pneumatic Control Components
Advantages:
 Simplicity of design and control – You design machines using standard
cylinders and other components. In addition, operating the machine is simple
with on-off controls.
 Durable and reliable – Pneumatic components are extremely durable and
cannot be damaged easily. Also, pneumatic systems generally live long
operating lives and require little maintenance. Since gas is compressible,
equipment usually does not experience shock damage. This is because gas
absorbs excessive force, whereas fluid in hydraulics directly transfers force.
Compressed gas can be stored, so machines still run for a while if electrical
power is lost.
 Safety – Pneumatic systems are safe because they can work in inflammable
environments without causing fire or explosion. Overloading pneumatic
components results in sliding or cessation of operation instead of burning or
overheating like electromotive components.
 Highly effective – Many factories have equipped their production lines with
compressed air supplies and movable compressors. The unlimited supply of
air in our atmosphere makes producing compressed air easy. Moreover,
distance does not restrict compressed air because it can easily be transported
through pipes. After use, compressed air can be released directly into the
atmosphere without the need of processing.
 High adaptability to harsh environments – High temperature, dust,
corrosion, etc. does not affect compressed air compared to the elements of
other systems.
 Easy selection of speed and pressure – The speeds of rectilinear and
oscillating movement of pneumatic systems are easy to adjust and subject to
few limitations. Pressure regulators adjust the volume of air easily.
 Economical – As pneumatic components are not expensive, the costs of
pneumatic systems are quite low. Moreover, as pneumatic systems are very
durable, the cost of repair is significantly lower than that of other systems.

Disadvantages:
 Relatively low accuracy – Compressed air powers the force of pneumatic
systems. Consequently, their operation is subject to the volume of the
compressed air. As the volume of air may change when compressed or
heated, the supply of air to the system may not be accurate, causing a
decrease in the overall accuracy of the system.
 Low loading – As the cylinders of pneumatic components are not very large,
a pneumatic system cannot drive loads that are too heavy.
 Processing required before use – Compressed air must be processed before
use to ensure the absence of water vapor or dust. Otherwise, the moving parts
of the pneumatic components may wear out quickly due to friction.
Choosing the right components can be challenging since some pneumatic systems
are more complex than others. We help you choose the best solution for your
application and make sure you’re running at peak performance. From
system evaluation to engineering solutions, installing projects and integrating
systems, to providing service and distributing parts and equipment, we manage the
entire process from start to finish for you.

Chapter 10
CONCLUSION
Now we know that Pneumatic Shearing machine is very cheap as

compared to hydraulic shearing machine.
The range of the cutting thickness can be increased by arranging a high
pressure compressor and installing more hardened blades. This machine is
advantageous to small sheet metal cutting industries as they cannot afford the
expensive hydraulic shearing machine.

Chapter 11
GOALS
Since old age man is always trying to gain more and more luxurious.
Man is always trying to develop more and more modified technique with
increasing the aesthetic look and economic consideration. Hence there is
always more and more scope. But being the Diploma Engineers and having
the ability to think and plan. But due to some time constraints, and also due to
lack of funds, we only have thought and put in the report the following future
modifications-
1. It can be made hydraulically power operated by installing the gear oil
pump at the place of air compressor and pneumatic cylinder arrangement.
2. It can be made rack and pinion operated or spring and lever operated, by
replacing the pneumatic circuit by rack and the pinion arrangement by the
square threaded screw and nutarrangement.

Chapter 12
Reference
1. Machine Design by R.S. Khurmi.

2. Manufacturing Process by O. P. Khanna and Lal.
3. Workshop Technology by R.K. Jain.
4. Pneumatic System: Principle & Maintenance by
S.R.Mujumdar.
5. Machine Tool Design Handbook.
6. P.S.G. Design Data Book.
7. Internet sites-
a) http://www.google.com/
b) http://www.engineersedge.com/
c) http://www.efunda.com/
d) http://www.mechanicalengineeringblog.com/

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A

Name of Student Enrollment No

Chavan Ashutosh Ganpat 1711640131

Kandekar Sachin Haribhau 1711640126

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Prof. Gore P.M.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SONIYA GANDHI POLYTECHNIC

This is to certify that the Micro-Project Report entitled

Name of Student Enrollment No

Chavan Ashutosh Ganpat 1711640131

Kandekar Sachin Haribhau 1711640126

Is the bonafied work completed in the academic year 2020-21

Prof. Gore P.M. Prof. Kale M.G.

We hereby declare that the Micro-Project Report entitled COLLECT

Name of Student Enrollment No

Pathan Affan Rajjak 1711640113

Chavan Ashutosh Ganpat 1711640131

Kandekar Sachin Haribhau 1711640126

We express our sincere gratitude to Prof. Gore P.M. of Mechanical

We are also thankful to all faculty members of Mechanical Engineering

Sr. No. Chapter Name Page No.

O9 Advantages And Disadvantages 17-18

10 Conclusion and Recommendations 19

The formation of any business begins with someone producing the

MECH. ENGG. DEPT. SGP SHRIGONDA (2021-2022) 1

MECH. ENGG. DEPT. SGP SHRIGONDA (2021-2022) 2

The objective of the project is to prepare a machine which cuts sheet

MECH. ENGG. DEPT. SGP SHRIGONDA (2021-2022) 3

 Raw Material Used-

MECH. ENGG. DEPT. SGP SHRIGONDA (2021-2022) 4

 Ready Items Used-

4. Bolts & nuts.

MECH. ENGG. DEPT. SGP SHRIGONDA (2021-2022) 5

Angle: 15o Weight:

5. Thickness: 5mmAngle Section-

MECH. ENGG. DEPT. SGP SHRIGONDA (2021-2022) 6

MECH. ENGG. DEPT. SGP SHRIGONDA (2021-2022) 7

The following figure shows general layout for the machine.

Figure: General Layout

MECH. ENGG. DEPT. SGP SHRIGONDA (2021-2022) 8

MECH. ENGG. DEPT. SGP SHRIGONDA (2021-2022) 9

MECH. ENGG. DEPT. SGP SHRIGONDA (2021-2022) 10

MECH. ENGG. DEPT. SGP SHRIGONDA (2021-2022) 11

Piston Rod Diameter: 20mm

4. Fork End Nut-

MECH. ENGG. DEPT. SGP SHRIGONDA (2021-2022) 12

6. Blade Fixing Bolts-

7. Connecting Link Bolts-

MECH. ENGG. DEPT. SGP SHRIGONDA (2021-2022) 13

Applications of Pneumatic System

2. Pneumatic Drill Machine

MECH. ENGG. DEPT. SGP SHRIGONDA (2021-2022) 14

MECH. ENGG. DEPT. SGP SHRIGONDA (2021-2022) 15

MECH. ENGG. DEPT. SGP SHRIGONDA (2021-2022) 16

Advantages and Disadvantages of Pneumatic Control Components

MECH. ENGG. DEPT. SGP SHRIGONDA (2021-2022) 17

MECH. ENGG. DEPT. SGP SHRIGONDA (2021-2022) 18

Now we know that Pneumatic Shearing machine is very cheap as