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CH Lab 3

This document summarizes a student's virtual experiment on standardizing a strong base (NaOH) with a weak acid (potassium hydrogen phthalate, KHP). The student titrated 25mL of 0.5M KHP with 1M NaOH solution until the solution turned pink with phenolphthalein indicator. The average NaOH volume added was 13.06mL based on 3 titrations. Using this volume and the molarities of KHP and NaOH in the titration equation, the student calculated the concentration of NaOH to be 0.957M with a 4.3% percentage error from the theoretical value.

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Mohammad Fahim Nur
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58 views

CH Lab 3

This document summarizes a student's virtual experiment on standardizing a strong base (NaOH) with a weak acid (potassium hydrogen phthalate, KHP). The student titrated 25mL of 0.5M KHP with 1M NaOH solution until the solution turned pink with phenolphthalein indicator. The average NaOH volume added was 13.06mL based on 3 titrations. Using this volume and the molarities of KHP and NaOH in the titration equation, the student calculated the concentration of NaOH to be 0.957M with a 4.3% percentage error from the theoretical value.

Uploaded by

Mohammad Fahim Nur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course Name: Introduction to Chemistry

Section No:01

Experiment No: 03
Name of the Experiment: Standardization of a strong base
(NaOH) with a standard weak acid, potassium hydrogen
phthalate (KHP)

Student’s Name : Foysal Mohammad Fahim


Student’s ID : 2019-2-80-011

Submitted To : Dr. Thamina Acter


Date of allocation:18/03/2021
Date of submission: 25/03/2021
Experiment 03
Experiment Name:
Standardization of a strong base (NaOH) with a standard weak acid, potassium hydrogen
phthalate (KHP)

Theory:
Potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) is a monoprotic acidic salt (monopotassium salt of phthalic
acid, weak acid) with the formula, KHC8H4O4. It is often used as a primary standard for acid-base
titrations because it is solid and air-stable, making it easy to weigh accurately and not hygroscopic.
KHP dissociates completely in water, giving the potassium cation (K+) and hydrogen phthalate
anion (HP− or Hphthalate−).

+ H2O K+ + HP−
KHP Hydrogen phthalate
And then as a weak acid hydrogen phthalate reacts reversibly with water to give hydronium (H3O+)
and phthalate ions.
HP− + H2O P2− + H3O+
As KHP is monoprotic, 1 mol of NaOH reacts with 1 mol of KHP according to the following
equation:

NaOH (aq) + KHC8H4 → KNaC8H4O4 (aq) + H2O (l) ............................ (1)

Or, NaOH (aq) + KHP (aq) → KNaP (aq) + H2O (l)


Therefore, the concentration of standardized NaOH can be determined from reaction(1):
(MNaOH×VNaOH) = (MKHP × VKHP) .......................(2)
Where, MKHP = Molarity of KHP
VKHP = Volume of KHP
VNaOH = Volume of NaOH = Average burette reading, mL
MNaOH = Molarity of NaOH

Apparatus:
1. Burette (50mL)
2. 25mL 0.5M KHP
3. 1M NaOH
4. Phenolphthalein
Procedure for Standardization of NaOH:
• Retrieved the KHP (0.5M), ~ 1M NaOH solution, phenolphthalein indicator and a 50mL
burette from the stockroom. Noted the initial volume of KHP solution.

• Filled the burette with 1M NaOH and recorded the initial reading in Table 1.
• Added 0.2mL of phenolphthalein indicator to the 25mL KHP solution and the solution’s
color did not change.
• Titrated the KHP solution with the given NaOH by continuously adding small volumes
(~0.5mL initially and later 0.05 mL) until slight changing its color to a permanent pink. At
the end point, noted the volume of NaOH added in Table 1.
• Calculated the difference between two volumes (initial and final), which is the amount of
NaOH required neutralizing KHP. [always substract initial volume of KHP (25mL) and
volume of indicator (0.2mL) from total volume, which was added before titration]
• Repeated the titration for two more times and take the average volume as per Table 1.

• Recorded the data for pH and volume changes for each 0.2mL during titration in Table 2
and draw a graph of pH vs volume showing end point.
Experimental Data:

Table 1: Record of pH and volume of NaOH added during titration:

Observation Volume of NaOH pH


No added
1 0 2.75
2 0.5 3.80
3 1.00 4.11
4 1.50 4.31
5 2.00 4.45
6 2.50 4.57
7 3.00 4.67
8 3.50 4.75
10 4.00 4.83
11 4.50 4.91
12 5.00 4.98
13 5.50 5.05
14 6.00 5.12
15 6.50 5.18
16 7.00 5.25
17 7.50 5.31
18 7.75 5.35
19 8.00 5.38
20 8.50 5.45
21 8.70 5.49
22 9.00 5.53
23 9.50 5.60
24 9.75 5.65
25 10.00 5.69
26 10.75 5.84
27 11.00 5.89
28 11.75 6.00
29 12.00 6.19
30 12.75 6.62
31 13.00 6.94
32 13.75 12.09
33 14.00 12.26
34 14.75 12.55
35 15.00 12.61
36 15.75 12.76
p

Table 2: Record of burette readings:

Observation No Initial burette Final burette Difference Average (mL)


reading (mL) reading (mL) (mL)

1 50 36.94 13.06 13.06

Calculation:
Calculate the concentration of NaOH solution in terms of Molarity by using the following formula
from equation (2):

Concentration of NaOH, MNaOH


Where, MKHP = 0.5M
VKHP = 25mL

VNaOH = 13.06 mL
MNaOH = (25*0.5)/(13.06)

=0.957 M
Percentage Error:
Error = | 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜.𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒−𝐸𝑥𝑝.𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 | x 100 %
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜.𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
1−0.957
=| | x 100 %
1

= 4.3 %

Result:
The concentration of NaOH in Molarity = 0.957 M

Discussion:
The experiment was done through virtual lab. We standardized NaOH that is a secondary standard
and a strong base with KHP which is a primary standard and a weak acid. We used phenolphthalein
as an indicator because it is a weak acid and it has a pH range of 8.3-10. So as when we added
phenolphthalein, the color of the solution did not change. But when we added some amount of
NaOH, the pH of the solution increased from 2.94 and the color of the solution changed to pink
after adding 13 mL of NaOH. We had to do it very carefully as for adding only a few drop of
NaOH, the color could turn dark pink. So we have to be very careful while doing these kinds of
experiments even we do it in a virtual plot.

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